Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex Miyasaki.pdf: 314698 bytes, checksum: 1d8bbeb1da7a5e1f383fc57d9361d819 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-25 / Aimed to study the relationship of testicular volume with serum testosterone level and body growth in Brahman cattle from 8 to 18 months of age, during the weaning period, kept at pasture in collective weight gain. Cattle (n = 40) aged 259.76 ± 26.15 days and weight of 239.71 ± 33.94 kg , were evaluated every 56 days during 294 days, totaling six measurements for body weight (BW), scrotal circumference (SC), thoracic perimeter (PT), body height (HC), body length (BL), body mass index (BMI), right testicular length (RTL) and left (LTL), right testicular height (RTH) and left (LTH), daily weight gain (DWG), testicular volume (TV) and serum testosterone (T). Was used analysis of variance followed by Tukey 5%. Correlations employed the method of Pearson. There were higher (P < 0.05) the third harvest (12.85 ± 0.87 months) in front for GMD x T. and higher ratings (P < 0.05) for BW, SC, EN, HC, BL, BMI, RTL, LTL, RTH, LTH and TV were obtained from the fourth harvest (14.72 ± 0.87 months). There was a correlation between T = 0.38 x PT (P <0.01); HC x T = 0.38 (P<0.01); HTD x T = 0.23 (P<0.05); HTE x T = 0.21 (P<0.01) and T x VT = 0.22 (P < 0.008). It is suggested to use the calculation of testicular volume in breeding soundness evaluation of young bulls, whose significant increase of the same may serve as a parameter for estimating the rapid increase in testosterone production, which was present at about 3.7 months before detection of a significant increase in testicular volume. / Objetivou-se estudar a relação do volume testicular com o nível sérico de testosterona e crescimento corporal em bovinos da raça Brahman dos oito aos 18 meses de idade, no período da desmama ao sobreano, mantidos à pasto em prova coletiva de ganho de peso. Os bovinos (n=40) com idade de 259,76±26,15 dias e peso de 239,71±33,94 kg, foram avaliados a cada 56 dias, durante 294 dias, totalizando seis colheitas para peso corpóreo (PC), circunferência escrotal (CE), perímetro torácico (PT), altura de cernelha (HC), comprimento corporal (CC), índice de massa corpórea (IMC), comprimento testicular direito (CTD) e esquerdo (CTE), altura testicular direito (HTD) e esquerdo (HTE), ganho médio diário de peso corpóreo (GMD), volume testicular (VT) e níveis séricos de testosterona (T). Utilizou-se a análise de variância, seguida por Tukey a 5%. Para as correlações empregou-se o método de Pearson. Houve superioridade (P<0,05) da terceira colheita (12,85 ± 0,87 meses de idade) em diante para GMD e T. Médias superiores (P<0,05) para PC, CE, PT, HC, CC, IMC, CTD, CTE, HTD, HTE e VT foram obtidas a partir da quarta colheita (14,72 ± 0,87 meses de idade). Houve correlações entre T x PT=0,38 (P<0,01); T x HC=0,38 (P<0,01); T x HTD=0,23 (P<0,05); T x HTE=0,21 (P<0,01) e T x VT=0,22 (P<0,008). Sugere-se a adoção do cálculo do volume testicular na avaliação andrológica de tourinhos jovens, cuja elevação significativa do mesmo pode servir como parâmetro para estimar o rápido aumento da produção de testosterona, a qual se fez presente por volta de 3,7 meses antes da detecção do significativo aumento do volume testicular.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex Miyasaki.pdf: 314698 bytes, checksum: 1d8bbeb1da7a5e1f383fc57d9361d819 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-25 / Aimed to study the relationship of testicular volume with serum testosterone level and body growth in Brahman cattle from 8 to 18 months of age, during the weaning period, kept at pasture in collective weight gain. Cattle (n = 40) aged 259.76 ± 26.15 days and weight of 239.71 ± 33.94 kg , were evaluated every 56 days during 294 days, totaling six measurements for body weight (BW), scrotal circumference (SC), thoracic perimeter (PT), body height (HC), body length (BL), body mass index (BMI), right testicular length (RTL) and left (LTL), right testicular height (RTH) and left (LTH), daily weight gain (DWG), testicular volume (TV) and serum testosterone (T). Was used analysis of variance followed by Tukey 5%. Correlations employed the method of Pearson. There were higher (P < 0.05) the third harvest (12.85 ± 0.87 months) in front for GMD x T. and higher ratings (P < 0.05) for BW, SC, EN, HC, BL, BMI, RTL, LTL, RTH, LTH and TV were obtained from the fourth harvest (14.72 ± 0.87 months). There was a correlation between T = 0.38 x PT (P <0.01); HC x T = 0.38 (P<0.01); HTD x T = 0.23 (P<0.05); HTE x T = 0.21 (P<0.01) and T x VT = 0.22 (P < 0.008). It is suggested to use the calculation of testicular volume in breeding soundness evaluation of young bulls, whose significant increase of the same may serve as a parameter for estimating the rapid increase in testosterone production, which was present at about 3.7 months before detection of a significant increase in testicular volume. / Objetivou-se estudar a relação do volume testicular com o nível sérico de testosterona e crescimento corporal em bovinos da raça Brahman dos oito aos 18 meses de idade, no período da desmama ao sobreano, mantidos à pasto em prova coletiva de ganho de peso. Os bovinos (n=40) com idade de 259,76±26,15 dias e peso de 239,71±33,94 kg, foram avaliados a cada 56 dias, durante 294 dias, totalizando seis colheitas para peso corpóreo (PC), circunferência escrotal (CE), perímetro torácico (PT), altura de cernelha (HC), comprimento corporal (CC), índice de massa corpórea (IMC), comprimento testicular direito (CTD) e esquerdo (CTE), altura testicular direito (HTD) e esquerdo (HTE), ganho médio diário de peso corpóreo (GMD), volume testicular (VT) e níveis séricos de testosterona (T). Utilizou-se a análise de variância, seguida por Tukey a 5%. Para as correlações empregou-se o método de Pearson. Houve superioridade (P<0,05) da terceira colheita (12,85 ± 0,87 meses de idade) em diante para GMD e T. Médias superiores (P<0,05) para PC, CE, PT, HC, CC, IMC, CTD, CTE, HTD, HTE e VT foram obtidas a partir da quarta colheita (14,72 ± 0,87 meses de idade). Houve correlações entre T x PT=0,38 (P<0,01); T x HC=0,38 (P<0,01); T x HTD=0,23 (P<0,05); T x HTE=0,21 (P<0,01) e T x VT=0,22 (P<0,008). Sugere-se a adoção do cálculo do volume testicular na avaliação andrológica de tourinhos jovens, cuja elevação significativa do mesmo pode servir como parâmetro para estimar o rápido aumento da produção de testosterona, a qual se fez presente por volta de 3,7 meses antes da detecção do significativo aumento do volume testicular.

Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient de définir le retard de croissance intra-utérin chez le nouveau-né prématuré, d’étudier ses conséquences en terme de morbidité néonatale et de pronostic à long terme et d’évaluer les liens existant entre retard de croissance intra-utérin, croissance extra-utérine et pronostic des prématurés. Nous avons mis en évidence dans un premier temps que le seuil strict de définition d’un « nouveau-né petit pour l’âge gestationnel» ne pouvait se limiter dans le cadre de la prématurité au 10ème percentile mais s’étendre au-delà, au moins jusqu’au 20ème percentile. Par ailleurs, se limiter au poids n’était pas suffisant et qu’une définition par l’association entre poids et périmètre crânien était pertinente en terme de pronostic tant à court qu’à long terme.Nous avons montré que la restriction de croissance intra-utérine était associée au pronostic neurologique des grands prématurés en terne de déficience cognitive et difficultés scolaires essentiellement et ce même pour des prématurés modérés et une restriction de croissance peu sévère et que l’effet du retard de croissance était modulé selon l’âge gestationnel de naissance. Concernant la croissance extra-utérine, nous avons montré qu’elle était elle-même associée au pronostic neurologique des prématurés mais que cet effet était variable selon la croissance anténatale.Enfin, nous nous sommes interrogés sur les conséquences à court terme des efforts faits par les néonatologistes afin d’optimiser la croissance post-natale des prématurés par une revue de la littérature et montré qu’ils existaient des anomalies métaboliques engendrées par une nutrition agressive qu’il convenait de surveiller. / Our main objectives were to define intrauterine growth restrictions in preterm infants to study its consequences in terms of neonatal morbidity and long-term prognosis and also assessment to study the relationship between intrauterine growth restriction, extra-uterine growth and neurological outcomes.We showed initially that strict threshold definition of a "small for gestational age" preterm could not be limited in the context of prematurity in the 10th percentile, but extend beyond, at least to the 20th percentile. Furthermore, to define growth restriction studying, weight was not enough. A definition by the association between weight and head circumference was relevant in terms of prognosis in both the short and long term.We found that growth restriction in very preterm and neurological outcome were significantly associated. Small for gestational age preterm infants were more likely to have cognitive impairment and school difficulties even for moderate preterm and moderate growth restriction. Gestational age was an important factor that modulates the association between growth restriction and outcome. Concerning extra-uterine growth, we have shown that it was associated with neurological outcome but this effect varied with antenatal growth pattern.Finally, we studied by literature review, the short-term consequences of optimized postnatal growth of premature infants and showed metabolic abnormalities caused by an aggressive nutrition that required necessary monitoring.

Abstract Background/problem definition: Mental illness, such as anxiety, is a health problem affecting about 10-20% of adolescents worldwide. Studies have found a person’s physical fitness to be associated with their mental health, but most studies have been done in the western world and few have investigated sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. It has also been found that SSA countries’ guidelines regarding physical activity are few and incomplete, although the importance of it is well known.   Aim: To investigate to what extent physical fitness: grip strength (GS), 20 meter shuttle run test (20MSRT), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) correlate to self-assessed anxiety in South African students at the UWC.   Methods: The study had a quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational research design with a non-randomized convenience sampling. The physical fitness data were collected through a hydraulic grip strength dynamometer, 20MSRT and by measuring anthropometric measurements in order to calculate BMI and WC. An electronic version of the GAD-7 form was used for self-assessed anxiety.   Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation between BMI and levels of anxiety in women, but not in men. The correlation of anxiety related to WC, GS and 20MSRT showed no significance for the whole sample or related to gender, respectively. Conclusion: No significant correlation could be determined between physical fitness and anxiety. Severe anxiety affected 25% of the population, supporting previous research indicating that students are a group prone to anxiety. / Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Mental ohälsa, till exempel ångest, är ett hälsorelaterat problem som drabbar cirka 10-20% av ungdomar i världen över. Studier har visat att en persons fysiska kondition (physical fitness) kan kopplas till mental hälsa och välmående, men de flesta studier har gjorts i västvärlden och det råder brist på forskning i länder söder om Sahara. Dessutom har afrikanska länder söder om Sahara få och inkompletta riktlinjer gällande fysisk aktivitet trots att betydelsen av fysisk aktivitet är väl etablerad. Syfte: Att undersöka om och till vilken utsträckning fysisk kondition (innefattande grepp styrka, beep-test, BMI och midjemått) korrelerar med självskattad ångest (GAD-7) hos Sydafrikanska studenter vid University of the Western Cape (UWC).   Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsdesign användes och korrelationer studerades. Deltagarna rekryterades genom ett icke randomiserat bekvämlighetsurval. Datan för fysisk kondition och hälsa samlades in genom en greppstyrka-dynamometer, beep-test samt genom antropometriska mätningar för att mäta midjemått och räkna ut BMI. Självskattad ångest samlades in genom en elektronisk version av GAD-7 formuläret.   Resultat: Resultaten visade en statistiskt signifikant, positiv korrelation mellan BMI och ångest bland kvinnor. Inga signifikanta korrelationer kunde i övrigt ses i gruppen som helhet eller hos kvinnor respektive män. Konklusion: Ingen signifikant korrelation fastslogs mellan fysisk kondition och ångest. Svår ångest rapporterades av 25% av deltagarna, vilket stödjer tidigare forskning på området som indikerar att studenter är en grupp utsatt för ångest.

Oak habitats are rich in saproxylic species, but the habitat is declining with loss of diversity due to encroachment which decrease the vitality of oaks. The present explorative study compared results from a study conducted in 1994, with present species communities to observe if there has been change in species composition and what factors that can explain species diversity and composition. The results revealed that the overall species composition between 1994 and 2018 has changed. There were 130 species recorded in 2018 compared to 108 species in 1994 (31 new species were recorded in 2018, and 9 species lost from the study in 1994). There was a high species turnover recorded per individual tree, and the species composition between the living and encountered dead trees did not differ. Species composition was affected by canopy cover, and trunk circumference (CCA P-value 0.001 and 0.014 respectively). Unlike 1994, there were no variables in 2018 that could explain the association with species numbers. Warmer conditions recorded during the sampling period have probably led to increased flight activity of beetles and therefore increasing chances of capturing more species and individuals. The warmer conditions possibly shadowed the effects of the explanatory variables in explaining the changes in species numbers. Perhaps the change in species composition could also be attributed to existing management interventions that may be supporting an increasing species number of saproxylic beetles, however no strong conclusions could be drawn. Management interventions such as the recruitment of new oaks should be encouraged and intensified in order to provide habitats and support stable populations as the loss of oaks may lead to increased risk of extinction of the saproxylic beetles in the study area.

It is well established in the literature that children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are more likely to be physically inactive, have unhealthy weight, and report lower perceptions of self-worth than typically developing (TD) children. Physical inactivity, overweight/obesity and low self-worth are important risk factors for many physical and psychological health conditions. The interrelationships among these factors, however, have yet to be explored in children with DCD. There is limited information on change in body composition measures and self-worth over time in children with DCD, the effect of physical activity (PA) on body composition, and whether the combined negative influence of having both DCD and obesity result in poorer conceptions of self-worth. In this dissertation, I present a series of studies that explore the connections among these factors using longitudinal, population-based data on a large cohort of children with and without poor motor coordination. The first study, presented in Chapter 2, describes the results of change in BMI and waist circumference (WC) in children with probable DCD (pDCD) and TD children over a five-year time period, and the effects of sex and PA on this relationship. Chapter 3 describes the results of the relationship between body fat, pDCD, and PA after addressing the measurement- related limitations of the study reported in Chapter 2. Chapter 4 describes the results of self-worth in children with pDCD and overweight/obesity, only pDCD, only overweight/obesity, and the control group at baseline as well as change over time. Collectively, the results show that children with pDCD have a consistently higher BMI, WC, and body fat than TD children. BMI and WC increases over time in children with pDCD; specifically boys with pDCD show a much accelerated increase in these measures. Scores of body composition measures increase with decrease in self-reported and objectively measured PA, but participation in PA does not explain why children with pDCD are more likely to have excess weight gain. Finally, children with both pDCD and overweight/obesity and children with either of these conditions alone report lower self- worth than the control group, and the change in self-worth between groups remains constant over time. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med den här studien har varit att undersöka och jämföra kvinnor och män i åldersgrupperna 30-39 år respektive 40-49 år avseende antropometriska mått samt prestation på GIH:s hälsotester. En vidare målsättning var att undersöka om det förekom några skillnader mellan två separata testtillfällen. Frågeställningarna har varit om resultaten på hälsotesterna skiljer sig mellan könen, åldersgrupperna samt mellan två separata testtillfällen. Metod Totalt fullföljde 41 deltagare GIH:s hälsotester, av dem var 20 kvinnor och 21 män mellan 30-49 år. Det enda som krävdes för att delta var att man uppfattade sig själv som frisk. Personer som tidigare haft stroke, hjärtinfarkt eller opererats på grund av hjärtproblem har inte inkluderats, ej heller gravida och personer med ledbesvär. Testerna utfördes på LTIV (Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap) mellan februari och mars 2016. Resultat Signifikanta skillnader mellan de två separata testtillfällena noterades för några av styrketesterna framför allt hos männen: axelpressar, handgrip och stolresningar. Mellan könen sågs signifikanta skillnader i de antropometriska måtten, samt i flera konditions- och styrketester. Bland dessa kunde signifikant högre värden ses för kvinnorna än för männen i ryggstyrketestet.  Signifikanta skillnader mellan åldersgrupperna 30-39 år och 40-49 år sågs näst intill endast för kvinnor. De yngre jämfört med de äldre kvinnorna presterade bättre i flera av testerna, de vägde mindre och hade mindre kroppsmått. Slutsats Det framkom vanligtvis inte några signifikanta skillnader mellan det första och andra testtillfället, med enstaka undantag. När så är fallet behövs bara ett test utföras initialt inför en period med exempelvis fysisk aktivitet som senare kanske ska följas upp med ett återtest. Skillnader mellan könen och olika åldersgrupper framkom i vissa tester men inte i alla. Resultaten i denna studie beror bland annat på urvalet av individer. Eftersom att syftet med den här studien har varit att endast utföra de tester som ingår i GIH:s hälsotester har inga tester lagts till eller exkluderats. I arbetet diskuteras bland annat hur optimala testerna är som ett mått på hälsa. För att effektivisera hälsotestundersökningar framöver behöver nödvändigtvis inte alla tester utföras.

For a number of unsolved problems in graph theory such as the cycle double cover conjecture, Fulkerson's conjecture and Tutte's 5-flow conjecture it is sufficient to prove them for a family of graphs called snarks. Named after the mysterious creature in Lewis Carroll's poem, a \emph{snark} is a cyclically 4-edge connected 3-regular graph of girth at least 5 which cannot be properly edge coloured using three colours. Snarks and problems for which an edge minimal counterexample must be a snark are the central topics of this thesis.   The first part of this thesis is intended as a short introduction to the area. The second part is an introduction to the appended papers and the third part consists of the four papers presented in a chronological order. In Paper I we study the strong cycle double cover conjecture and stable cycles for small snarks. We prove that if a bridgeless cubic graph $G$ has a cycle of length at least $|V(G)|-9$ then it also has a cycle double cover. Furthermore we show that there exist cyclically 5-edge connected snarks with stable cycles and that there exists an infinite family of snarks with stable cycles of length 24. In Paper II we present a new algorithm for generating all non-isomorphic snarks with a given number of vertices. We generate all snarks on 36 vertices and less and study these with respect to various properties. We find that a number of conjectures on cycle covers and colourings holds for all graphs of these orders. Furthermore we present counterexamples to no less than eight published conjectures on cycle coverings, cycle decompositions and the general structure of regular graphs.     In Paper III we show that Jaeger's Petersen colouring conjecture holds for three infinite families of snarks and that a minimum counterexample to this conjecture cannot contain a certain subdivision of $K_{3,3}$ as a subgraph. Furthermore, it is shown that one infinite family of snarks have strong Petersen colourings while another does not have any such colourings. Two simple constructions for snarks with arbitrary high oddness and resistance is given in Paper IV. It is observed that some snarks obtained from this construction have the property that they require at least five perfect matchings to cover the edges. This disproves a suggested strengthening of Fulkerson's conjecture.

Obesity is considered to be one of the diseases related to the change in the lifestyle, leading to increased incidence of myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other diseases. Due to the progressively increasing prevalence of obesity in adulthood, prevention of obesity has to start in childhood and adolescent, in which also increase in prevalence of obesity was found. Actual prevalence of overweight and obesity was tested in this thesis by different standards (5. NAS, WHO, IOTF, CDC) in Czech children population in age of 6.5 - 7.5 years in 2013. Its trend since 1951 was evaluated. Since 2008 maintaining of the values in all categories at the constant level was found. The role of risk factors assessed by personal, family and school questionnaires in overweight prevalence was tested. The most important factors were diet, exercise and family factors. Increased weight/height ratio (WHtR) marker of adipose tissue was found in the category of normal weight children also and it shows the link with above-mentioned risk factors of diet, exercise and family prediction. Key words Obesity, Overweight, Prevalence, Childhood, BMI, 5. NAS, WHO, IOTF, CDC, COSI, WHtR, Waist circumference, Risk factors

Title: The Collection of Exercises About Qaudrangles Author: Bc. Pavel Nohál Department: Department of Mathematics Education Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jarmila Robová, CSc., Department of Mathematics Education Abstract: The master thesis is focused on exercises regarding qaudrangles. This gives a chance to pupils of primary schools and lower secondary schools to repeat and practice math curriculum with a view of further study, but also develop pupils' common sense and logical thinking. The quadrangles are being encountered by us every day and therefore the exercises in this area are largely connected with the practical life. As not many current Collections on the market are dealing exclusively with quadrangles, author would like to fill this vacancy by this thesis. Keywords: Quadrilaterals and their division Parallelograms and trapezoids Circumference and area Tops, sides and interior angles