Irrespective of the previous investigations, dependence of the image of the urban environment on a combination between a) physical objects, b) relationship and connection between objects and c) dynamics of human activity rather than on the material expression of the activity alone, remains insufficiently investigated in both Lithuanian and foreign works. It is this aspect that forms the subject of the investigation of the present work. Its main attention is focused on the impact the urban environment has on city image. The novelty of the work consists in the following: 1) criteria and methodology forassessing city image are presented, indicators for city image-building are proposed; 2) dependence of city image on the urban environment is considered; 3) urban measures that help create city image in the desired direction in an organised way are reviewed. Objective and Goals of the Work. The objective of this work is to define the principles of analysing and applying city image as a result of human activity. The goals of this work are as follows: 1) to define the concept of city image as a psychological construct; 2) to specify the connection between city image and behaviour of the people; 3) to establish major indicators of a contemporary city image – the criteria according to which it is expedient to investigate city image; 4) to review key measures for urban planning, having an impact on the modification of city image; 5) to substantiate the advantage of the city centre... [to full text]

Background City branding is an emerging practice that is executed by an increasing number of cities all around the world. The concept is used to transform a location into a destination by applying different strategies. Jönköping is a growing city in terms of size, revenue and population. Two organisations, Destination Jönköping and Jönköping City AB, are constantly working with city branding in Jönköping to improve its city image. Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify and investigate the collaboration between Destination Jönköping and Jönköping City AB and if a partnership exists. Another part of the purpose is to recognise the main elements that have been used in order to achieve the same goal, which is to generate growth. Furthermore, an investigation will be performed of how significant these specific elements have been and still are for Jönköping’s branding process. Method In order to achieve the purpose of the thesis, primary as well as secondary data have been collected. Interviews, a case study and existing literature have provided a well-established foundation for the analysis and conclusion.   ConclusionThe authors found that the two organisations often help each other with different projects, however, they do not have a declared partnership. A partnership would be beneficial for both organisations regarding greater resources, larger networks and possibilities to reach wider target groups. The most important elements are Elmia and Jönköping University, which attract individuals to Jönköping. This results in an increase in the city’s growth.

Tall buildings have been constructed in many cities over the world to accommodate the demographic and economic growth in urban areas. These structures, however, have been widely discussed concerning their potential negative impacts on urban life. By drawing on concepts of urban morphology and the city image, this thesis aims to examine the impact of tall buildings on predominantly low-rise built urban environments and cities. Through a quantitative case study approach applying geographic information systems this thesis attempts to identify (1) the shadow impacts significantly taller buildings have on surrounding areas, (2) the visual impact and the potential for a proposed tall building to act as a new landmark, and (3) the impact tall buildings have on the skyline of a city dominated by low-rise buildings and a historic city centre. The thesis analysed two proposed buildings in Västerås, Sweden and found that the shadow impact of the analysed structures is concentrated on the winter months. The visibility of the buildings concentrates on open spaces and certain visible corridors but is not widely spread over the city. Therefore, the possibilities of the new structures becoming a new landmark of the city are questionable. Furthermore, the proposed planned structures would be visible in the skyline but would not obstruct the views to the other landmarks of the city. The thesis and its results contribute to the discourse around tall buildings and the research on the city image by showing the importance of the analysis of the potential impact of tall buildings in urban planning processes.

Occidentalism in Russian Travel Literature in the 18th Century: Example of Nikolaj Mihailovič Karamzin Summary The purpose of this research is to explore how the national and cultural identity of Russia was constructed in the eighteenth century through the vehicle of travel writing. At the heart of this research is a close analysis of the travels of the Russian author Nikolaj Karamzin to the Western Europe. Karamzin's Letters of a Russian Traveller is a travelogue in the form of memoir in epistolary arrangement based on his travels through the states of Germany, Switzerland, France and England in 1789-1790. The era and the author chosen are justified by the graveness that the eighteenth century has for the history of the Russian literature. An era of major transformations in all social and cultural aspects of the till-then known Russian lifestyle set the ground for a move towards modernity. By travelling to the Western Europe and displaying the values and rich greatness of some aspects of the cultural, political and social lives, Karamzin proposes a set of alternative national ideals. These ideals would assist the country and the nation to get closer to the standards of the Western traditions and subsequently closer to 'paradise' and the 'perfect' life. As a contextual backup for the analysis of Karamzin's...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper, as a result of a MSc research efforts at the Social Sciences Post-Graduation and Research Center of Sergipe's Federal University, studied the urban requalification process that the neighborhood known as "Santa Maria", at Aracaju-SE (Brazil), suffered during the 2000 decade. Due to the pejorative association of this neighborhood as a place of extreme poverty, violence and government disrepair, this place that has been historically known as outskirts underwent a set of urban politics, both from governments and private parties, which refer to a period considered as an example and a symbol of changes on the urban management activities. As a matter of fact, Aracaju, which has been built under the discursive image of progress and modernity, after about one and a half century, had the concept of "life quality" as the city's main imaginative concept. The argument presented in this paper understands that as the urban politics adopted in the above mentioned location (re) build it's image, turning the "Terra Dura" community into the "Santa Maria" neighborhood, (re) invents the pejorative image of it's people, causing a positive consequence on the city image. In such way, it can be inferred that the process of urban remodeling that the neighborhood went through helped on the consolidation of Aracaju image as the "city of life quality". To this end, this imaginative view of the political and real state uses, marked under the aegis of "make believe", was established from a tenuous and perverse relationship amongst stigmatization and de stigmatization of this place. / Este trabalho, resultante da pesquisa de mestrado desenvolvida no âmbito do Núcleo de Pós Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, investigou o processo de requalificação urbana pelo qual tem passado o bairro Santa Maria , na cidade de Aracaju-SE, Brasil, durante a década de 2000. A partir da associação pejorativa da localidade como lócus de miséria, violência e abandono do Poder Público, o bairro que historicamente foi reconhecido como periferia, passou a ser submetido a um conjunto de políticas urbanas, de ordem pública e de setores da iniciativa privada, que aludem a um período concebido como exemplar e símbolo de mudança nas práticas de gestão urbana. Com efeito, Aracaju, construída inicialmente sob a imagem discursiva do progresso e da modernidade, após aproximadamente um século e meio, teve a noção de qualidade de vida transformada na maior marca imagética da cidade. O argumento defendido aqui entende que na medida em que as políticas urbanas implementadas na referida localidade (re) constroem a imagem do lugar, transformando-o do povoado Terra Dura ao bairro de Santa Maria , (re) inventa-se a imagem pejorativa das comunidades constituintes do local, causando uma repercussão positiva na imagem da cidade. Neste sentido, conclui-se que o processo de remodelação urbana inscrito no bairro contribuiu na consolidação da imagem oficial de Aracaju como cidade da qualidade de vida . Para tanto, esta apreensão imagética de uso político, mas também imobiliário, assinalada sob a égide do fazer crer , estabeleceu-se a partir de uma perversa e tênue relação entre estigmatização e desestigmatização da localidade.

Magistro darbe formuluojamos miesto prekės ženklui skirtos literatūros problemos, susietos su pamatinių modelių galimiems ateities tyrimams nepakankamumu ir nekonkretumu. Remiantis iškeltais uždaviniais suformuluotos miesto prekės ženklo teorinės sampratos bei išskirti esminiai jo elementai. Išanalizuotos pagrindinės galimos ženklodaros strategijų grupės bei pasiūlytas konstrukcinis modelis tinkamas Šiaulių miesto prekės ženklo įvaizdžio analizei. Atlikus tyrimą pateiktos išvados bei rekomendacijos sėkmingam miesto prekės ženklo įvaizdžio vystymui. Iš dalies patvirtinama autoriaus iškelta hipotezė, jog Šiaulių miestas nepakankamai dėmesio skiria savo įvaizdžio kūrimui, taigi vartotojų mintyse jis suvokiamas kaip blankus ir paremtas labiau negatyviomis asociacijomis. / Master‘s final paper formulates problems associated with literature of city brand. Such as lack of main elements of brand structure and none of suitable tools created for experiments in future. Theoretical aspects of city brand and city branding are revealed according to tasks of the research. Three main strategies for city branding are purified. At the same time tool for measuring image of Siauliai city was constructed. Conclusions and recommendations for city‘s image development are offered. Hypothesis, that city does not pay enough attention to the city‘s image is partly confirmed.

В контексте ярко выраженной территориальной конкуренции, возрастающей роли социальных медиа в нашей повседневной жизни, важным аспектом развития территории становится создание и коррекция её имиджа в сети интернет. Норильск не является исключением. Ввиду особого арктического климата, экологических проблем города, а также слабой изученности маркетинговых инструментов продвижения подобных территорий, в нашей работе мы изучили опыт сторонних авторов, провели собственные исследования и разработали программу корректировки имиджа города, применимую к территориям с подобными характеристиками и проблемами. Для этого мы изучили сущность понятия «имидж города» и инструментов его корректировки, специфику социальных медиа, а также российский и зарубежный опыт корректировки имиджа. Также мы определили основные характеристики города Норильска, изучили мнение его жителей и мнение экспертов относительно имиджа территории, провели контент-анализ социальных медиа и оценили работу властей города по корректировке имиджа в сети интернет. Все это позволило нам разработать программу, рассчитанную на создание положительного имиджа территории инструментами социальных медиа. / In the context of territorial competition and the increasing role of social media in our daily life, the creation and correction of its image on the Internet becomes an important aspect of the development of the territory. Norilsk is no exception. Due to the special Arctic climate, ecological problems of the city, as well as lack of knowledge of marketing tools for promoting such territories, in our work, we studied the experience of other authors, conducted our own research and developed a program for correcting the image of the city, which can be used by other territories with similar characteristics and problems. To do this, we studied what the "image of the city" is and the tools for its correction, the specifics of social media, as well as Russian and foreign experience of image correction. We also identified the main characteristics of the city of Norilsk, studied the opinion of its residents and experts about the image of the territory, conducted a content analysis of social media and assessed the work of the city administration to adjust the image on the Internet. All this allowed us to develop a program designed to create a positive image of the territory using social media tools.

Seit der deutschen Wiedervereinigung steht die Stadt Berlin im Fokus einer Kampagne, die die Identität von Berlin neu definiert und die allgemeine Darstellung der Stadt positiv zu beeinflussen versucht. Das weit verbreitete Stadtbild beinhaltet jedoch nicht immer die Vielfältigkeit von sozialen und urbanen Akteuren. Oftmals wird Berlin als eine elitäre Stadt dargestellt, soziale Spannungen werden nicht betrachtet und können sich durch die einseitige Darstellung sogar verstärken. Diese Arbeit vergleicht die verschiedenen Darstellungen der Stadt, die von lokalen politischen Akteuren, der Tourismusbranche und von sozialen Bürgerbewegungen propagiert werden. Sie werden in der Arbeit ausgiebig erläutert und bewertet. Ein abschließender Vergleich legt die unterschiedlichen Darstellungen und Gemeinsamkeiten der verschiedenen Akteure dar. Neben der historischen Analyse mit Einbezug des Wandels der Stadt, werden Aspekte und Themen wie Kommerzialisierung, Bürgerbeteiligung, Multikulturalismus und Subkulturen behandelt. Darüber hinaus werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit Fragen und Probleme des Urbanismus und der Gestaltung des Stadtbildes durch einen bildlichen Ansatz mit Einbezug der verschiedenen Konstellationen analysiert. Der Ansatz beruht auf der Idee des “dialektischen Bildes” von Walter Benjamin aus seinem ‘Passagen-Werk’. Die Auswertung ergibt, dass die öffentliche Darstellung der Stadt von lokalen politischen Akteuren und der Tourismusbranche viele Gemeinsamkeiten aufweisen, während die Darstellung der Bewohner deutlich davon abweicht. Dieser Kontrast spiegelt eine große Unzufriedenheit von Teilen der Bevölkerung mit der offiziellen Darstellung der Stadt, welche sich auf einen post-industriellen, ökonomischen Ansatz stützt. / Since German Reunification the city of Berlin has been the object of a carefully designed campaign to reinvent its identity and to promote its image. The propagated city image does not always include the wide variety of social and urban expressions, and frequently compels an elitist vision of the city that, far from alleviating emerging social tensions, reinforces them. This research offers a comparative analysis of the city image produced by the local government, and the imagery produced by other actors involved in urban processes. To this end, a collection of images representing the city of Berlin was integrated, with materials produced by three main sectors: the local government, the tourism industry and a variety of social movements. The collected images are described and analyzed with the aim of knowing the assumptions they comprise, and are afterwards compared against each other to find similarities and differences between the city visions of their producers. Topics like historical memory, urban change, commercialization, public participation, subcultural expressions and multiculturalism arose from this comparison. In addition, the dissertation proposes a visual approach for the analysis of issues linked to urbanism and the construction of city image. Such approach is inspired in the idea of “dialectical image”, described by Walter Benjamin in his unfinished ‘Arcades Project’, and consists in putting together a set of chosen pictures in small groups or “constellations” that make evident their similarities and differences. The research shows that the image prompted by the local government and by the tourist industry are alike, while there are significant divergences between the official image and the representations of citizens. These divergences seem to reflect a deep dissatisfaction of some sectors of the population with the official city model, based on assumptions of a post-industrial economy.

This paper studies two former treaty ports, Kobe in Japan and Incheon (Chemulpo) in South Korea following the scholarship of Jennifer Robinson (2006) in building social scientific knowledge upon case studies of the so-called "ordinary cities". Using a "bricolage" of sub-fields of social anthropology and research techniques, the study focuses on the built remnants from the colonial period in the two cities and their perceived image to further develop on ethnographies of sensescapes and post-colonialism. The present study is an addition to the scholarship of urban anthropology through tracing out the formations of personal images of a city among their inhabitants, emic perceptions of "danger" and "oldness" in relation to built environments in Japan and South Korea and discussing the relevance of post-colonial sensibilities for place image creation. Keywords: urban anthropology, socio-cultural anthropology, collective memory, city branding, city image, post-colonialism, settler urban heritage, Japan, South Korea