Vägbyggnadssektorn står inför ett stort steg i och med övergången till att projektera i 3D. Idag finns programvara för 3Dprojektering från flera leverantörer och stora mervärden finns att erhålla för alla parter i byggprocessen. Studien har genomfört med hjälp av en litteraturstudie men inventering av programvara, en fallstudie av ett vägbyggnadsprojekt samt en enkätundersökning med aktiva vägprojektörer. För att övergå till ett ökat användande av 3D-modeller krävs att intresset och kunskapen ökar genom hela byggprocessens aktörer. Detta bör ske genom en utbildning hos projektörer som sedan visar de mervärden som en 3Dprojektering ger för entreprenör och beställare.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR) are two of the main directions in the BIM-strategy of the Swedish Transport Administration. Starting from the year 2015 it is a requirement to use BIM even in tenders. In order to meet these requirements WSP developed their own product Open VR - a data platform for visualization, communication, planning, designing as well as a tool for documentation of new and existing environments. Geotechnical analysis is an important part in most of the projects and affects the economy, the projects timeframes and further projects design greatly. Availability of good quality basic data is a requirement to succeed in a project.  Inaccurate and late delivered rock and soil 3D models cause the problems at the design stage. A completely or partially automated process for creating 3D soil models using geotechnical database and models presentation in Open VR would provide both economic benefits and reduce the amount of repetitive work in the CAD environment. One of the biggest issues is to combine data coming from different sources and therefore clear standards on how different fields of technology should prepare their information are needed. The goal of this master thesis is to develop a guideline how to prepare geotechnical objects for Open-VR. Firstly software that could be used for preparing geotechnical data for Open VR were identified and described. Three products were chosen: NovaPoint, Civil3D, Power Civil. After that data were processed using the software chosen for comparison. Geotechnical objects (3D models of soil layers and 3D boreholes) were prepared for Open VR using these three products. The results were evaluated. Finally a guideline for preparing geotechnical data for Open VR was written. This guideline can be used not only for preparing the geotechnical data for Open VR but for any other product which can be used for the model coordination (for example, NavisWorks etc). This guideline can be used in any geotechnical project where geotechnical data of Swedish standard are used. This guideline can be used as it is in order to create 3D models of soil layers and rock surfaces with help of Civil3D. In case that another kind of software should be used, this guideline can be used as a basis, because the workflow is the same, but some correction can be done concerning what “button should be pressed”. Recommendations were given depending on the project requirements and application area. Taking into account that WSP decided to not continue with NovaPoint and use Civil 3D and Power Civil instead, then it is recommended to use Civil 3D when it is necessary to create soil layers using field investigations. Results of 3D modelling can be used in NovaPoint, loaded to Open VR and, if necessary, even be imported into Power Civil. Power Civil can be used in large-scale projects where advanced 3D modelling is required or when all other area of technology use Power Civil for project design. Even though NovaPoint does not have priority at WSP it should not be out of the game, it can be very useful in projects where the usage of BIM is a requirement. Considering that NovaPoint has good communication with GeoSuite and can produce smart 3D models it is recommended to have a license of NovaPoint at WSP in order being able to follow software development.

Geological and geotechnical studies are a critical component of most projects, and it has a significant impact on the economy, project timelines, and subsequent project design. Today, the development of GEOBIM eases this analysis, thus saving costs, speeding up processes and avoiding risks. The recently developed Tyréns algorithm generates 3D bedrock surfaces using kriging. Commercial programs (such as ArcGIS and Civil 3D which are the programs used) can generate them as well. So, this project aims to compare how well Tyréns’ algorithm creates surfaces in contrast with commercial programs. 3D models of the bedrock have been developed using different interpolation methods. Furthermore, true bedrock data is available; they had to make an excavation of an area inside the model boundaries, i. e. directly the real bedrock could be measured. So, a thorough and complete scrupulous analysis is performed. Kriging, nearest neighbor, triangulation and inverse distance weight, have been the interpolation methods used in this project for the generation of surfaces, using ArcGIS. The comparisons made are: • between generated surfaces (Kriging with respect to the rest of the methods), • between the surface generated with Kriging in ArcGIS and the surface generated by the algorithm, • between the Kriging and TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) surface with respect to the real surface (the one excavated). • and finally the surface of the algorithm with respect to the real surface. Taking into account all the above comparisons, different results have been achieved. On the one hand, inverse distance weight is not a suitable method for bedrock analysis since it does not operate properly in areas where there is no data. Next, nearest neighbor, which has a similar functioning as inverse distance weight, has a better results, but it is not the best solution. Kriging provides the best performance: it resembles reality. In addition, the model generated by ArcGIS and the algorithm are very similar, especially in those areas where there is a significant amount of data. Finally, the triangulation method has obtained results that are similar, but not better, to Kriging. Although it is a simple system, it is effective and fast. / Geologiska och geotekniska undersökningar är en kritisk komponent i de flesta projekt och det har en stor påverkan på ekonomin, projektets tidslinjer och den efterföljande projektutformningen. Idag är utvecklingen av GEOBIM en underlättelse för denna analys, vilket sparar kostnader, snabbar upp processerna och undviker risker. Den nyligen utvecklade Tyréns-algoritmen genererar 3D-berggrundens ytor med hjälp av kriging. Kommersiella program (såsom ArcGIS och Civil 3D, som är de program som används) kan generera dem också. Så detta projekt syftar till att jämföra hur väl Tyréns algoritm skapar ytor till skillnad från kommersiella program. 3D-modeller av berggrunden har tagits fram med hjälp av olika interpolationsmetoder. Dessutom finns det sann data om berggrunden; de var tvungna att göra en utgrävning av ett område innanför modellens gränser, dvs. direkt kunde den verkliga berggrunden mätas. En grundlig och fullständig skrupelfri analys har alltså utförts. Kriging, närmsta granne, triangulering och omvänd distansvikt har varit dem interpolations metoderna som använts i detta projekt för att generera ytor med hjälp av ArcGIS. Jämförelserna som gjorts är följande: • mellan genererade ytor (Kriging i förhållande till övriga metoder), • mellan den yta som genererats med Kriging i ArcGIS och den yta som genererats med hjälp av algoritmen, • mellan Kriging och TIN-ytan (Triangulated Irregular Network) med avseende på den verkliga ytan (den utgrävda), • och slutligen ytan från algoritmen med avseende på den verkliga ytan. Med hänsyn till alla ovanstående jämförelser har olika resultat uppnåtts. På den ena sidan är omvänd distansvikt inte en lämplig metod för analys av berggrunden eftersom den inte fungerar korrekt i områden där det inte finns någon data. Därefter används närmsta granne, som har en liknande funktion som omvänd distansvikt som ger bättre resultat, men är inte den bästa lösningen. Kriging ger det bästa resultatet: det liknar verkligheten. Därtill, modellen som är genererad av ArcGIS och algoritmen är mycket likartade, särskilt i de områden där det finns en betydande belopp av data. Slutligen har trianguleringsmetoden gett resultat som är likartade, men inte bättre än Kriging. Även om det är ett enkelt system är det effektivt och snabbt.

I samband med digitaliseringens intåg har nya förbättrade BIM-verktyg börjat användas för att effektivisera konstruktörens arbete. Med hjälp av implementering av grafiska tredjepartsprogram kan BIM verktygen bidra med ökat funktionalitet. Ett exempel på ett sådant program är tredjepartsprogrammet Grasshopper kopplat till BIM-verktygen Tekla Structures som skapar parameterstyrning, vilket innebär att modellens data styrs och nås av de externa programmen. På Rambolls Bro- och Tunnelavdelning vill man idag, som många andra konsultföretag bli mer BIMorienterade. Dock saknas en uppskattning av den totala tidsbesparingen och nyttjande av tredjepartsprogrammen. Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att komma fram till en slutsats som ger stöd i beslutsfattande kring vilka typer av projekt som parameterstyrda modeller kan vara lämpliga för. Genom uppbyggnad av ett automatiserat skript för en stödmur har denna studie visat kopplingen mellan programvarorna Microsoft Excel, Rhinoceros-Grasshopper och Tekla Structures. Med denna tillämpning har man lyckats skapa ett lätthanterligt användargränssnitt. Vidare har man jämfört det färdiga skriptet i Grasshopper med en modellering i Civil 3D där man har kommit fram till att man kan vinna tid på att ha ett optimalt skript. Man har även kunnat dra slutsatser under vilka förhållanden det lämpar sig att använda parametrisk modellering och automatisering som pekar mot tidiga skeden i projektering och standardkonstruktioner. / In connection with the digitalization's entry, the companies has begun to apply new improved BIMtools to streamline the constructor's work. With the help of the implementation of graphical thirdparty applications, the BIM-tools can achieve increased functionality. An example of such a program is the third party applications Grasshopper linked to the Tekla Structure, which creates so called computational design, which means that the model's data is controlled and accessed by the external programs. The Bridge and Tunnel department at Ramboll wants to become, like many other consulting firms, more BIM oriented. However, there is no estimate of total timesaving and utilization of the implementation today. The purpose of this thesis project has been to come at a conclusion that provides support in decision-making regarding which types of projects that parameter-controlled models may be suitable for. By building an automated script for a retaining wall, this study has shown the connection between the software Microsoft Excel, Rhinoceros-Grasshopper and Tekla Structures. With this application, one has succeeded in creating an easy-to-use interface. Furthermore, one has compared the finished script in Grasshopper with a model in Civil 3D where the assumption that one can gain time by having a finished script. It has also been possible to draw conclusions under which conditions it is suitable to use parametric modeling and automation that points to early stages in design and standard constructions.

В работе поднимается проблема застройщика, заключающаяся в получении им некачественной цифровой информационной модели (ЦИМ) от подрядных организаций, которые разрабатывают документацию на все стадии жизненного цикла объекта с использованием технологий информационного моделирования. Настоящее исследование проведено с целью создания правил стандартизации и классификации ЦИМ. В ходе работы были проанализированы существующие бизнес-процессы строительной компании, собраны и формализованы требования к цифровым информационным моделям, разработаны классификаторы зданий и сооружений, элементов, материалов. Результатом работы являются документ «Информационные требования Заказчика к разработке BIM-модели (Employer’s Information Requirements)», библиотека элементов ЦИМ, разработанная в соответствии с системой классификации. Также проведено обучение сотрудников застройщика по работе с классификаторами. Это позволит застройщику получать корректные информационные модели, которые можно использовать на всех стадиях жизненного цикла объекта. / The paper raises the problem of the developer, which consists in obtaining a low-quality digital information model (BIM-models) from contractors who develop documentation for all stages of the object's life cycle using information modeling technologies. This study was conducted to create rules for standardization and classification of BIM-models. During the work, the existing business processes of the construction company were analyzed, the requirements for digital information models were collected and formalized, classifiers of buildings and structures, elements, materials were developed. The result of the work is the document "Information requirements of the Customer for the development of a BIM model (Employer's Information Requirements)", a library of BIM-model elements developed in accordance with the classification system. The developer's employees were also trained to work with classifiers. This will allow the developer to obtain correct information models that can be used at all stages of the object's life cycle.

The aim of this thesis is creation of 3D model by a selected program. In the introduction of the thesis is a brief description of chosen object – St. Václav's temple in Brno. Next follows preparation works before measuring, creating of measuring net by GNSS and measuring of object by tachymetric method. In the following chapters is briefly described 2D and 3D computer graphic and program AutoCAD Civil 3D, which was used for create resulting model of the object.

The work deals with a theoretical description of mathematical model and practical aspects of model simulation. Subsequently, it solves the current flow and the two design versions of the flowing debris trap profile. For the original channel and for the two designed versions two simulations were done for the flows of Q2 and Q5. As part of the work the theoeretical calculation of velocity in two cross sections of the existing channel was realized for the existing channel, which were due to calibration of the model. Results were compared at the same cross sections in the existing channel simulation solutions. Simulations are created in FLOW-3D. The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether the construction of trap profile is feasible.

Diploma Thesis deals with the studies of flood protection measures in locality of Brno - Žabovřesky. The work is mainly focused on the calculation of flood flows (Q1, Q5, Q20, Q100 a Q100 neovlivněný) in the area of interest and to proposal flood control measures. Simulation calculations are performed using a coupled 1D / 2D model of the flow of surface water in the bed of the river and its flood area. The results of hydraulic calculations were within the framework the work processed in the form of maps depths, velocity and inundation. Curves levels were indicated in the longitudinal profiles of watercourses.

These days most of the research related to autonomous vehicle technology focuses on vehicle technology itself and lesser on road infrastructure, including geometric design. This research project aims to lower the deficiency of research works required to make the optimized geometric road design for autonomous vehicle sustainable. In geometric design, significant concerns are designing the road geometrics such as lane width, the radius of horizontal curves, sag vertical curves and crest vertical curves, extra widening, setback distance, and intersection, making the road safer for the vehicles to travel comfortably.Road geometrics is widely designed using the stopping sight distance model, which provides sufficient time to avoid accidents and is efficient. Here in the research work, the stopping sight design model is used for autonomous vehicle technology. At first, the art of autonomous vehicle technology is studied, and a significant difference between autonomous vehicle technology and human-driven vehicle to apply stopping sight distance model is figured out. A literature study is also done for the geometric design of the road for the vehicle with the human driver and autonomous vehicle. The AASHTO model derived for the human-driven vehicle is used and modified for the autonomous vehicle, which gives the optimized geometric design for the autonomous vehicle. The Optimized geometric design parameter is designed individually in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Two road designs follow this in a random rural topography consisting of a normal road design for the vehicle with the human driver and a fully autonomous vehicle. Finally, the sustainability of optimized geometric design compared to road design for the human-driven vehicle is checked in terms of earthwork, pavement surface areas, and pavement materials volume. The result shows that the optimization of a geometric road design for autonomous vehicles is sustainable and extensive research is required.