How can principles found in textile behaviour be translated into architectural expression? With water as a program in context of a new bath in Vanadislunden, Stockholm, this project studies how a rigid material can be percieved as soft and flexible.

Background. Detecting malware command and control infrastructure has impor-tant applications for protecting against attacks. Much research has focused on thisproblem, but a majority of this research has used traffic monitoring methods fordetection. Objectives. In this thesis we explore methods based on network scanning and active probing, where detection is possible before an attack has begun, in theory resulting in the ability to bring the command and control server down preemptively. Methods. We use network scanning to discover open ports which are then fed into our probing tool for protocol identification and data gathering. Fingerprinting is performed on the open ports and running services of each host.We develop two methods for fingerprinting and classification of hosts. The first method uses a machine learning algorithm over the open ports and probe data, while the other computes distance scores between hosts. We compare these methods to the new but established JARM method for host fingerprinting, as well as to two other simple methods. Results. Our findings suggest that our general active probing method is feasible for use in detecting command and control infrastructure, but that the results vary strongly depending on the malware family, with certain malware families providing much better results than others. Conclusions. We end with discussions on the limitations of our methods and how they can be improved, as well as bring up our opinions on the potential for future work in this area. / Bakgrund. Att kunna upptäcka command-and-control-infrastruktur kopplad till malware har viktiga tillämpningar för syftet att skydda mot attacker. Mycket forskning existerar som fokuserar på detta problem, men en majoritet använder metoder baserade på trafikmonitorering. Syfte. I denna uppsats utforskar vi istället metoder baserade på scanning och probing av nätverk, genom vilka detektering är möjlig innan en attack har ägt rum, med fördelen att en command-and-control-server i teorin kan tas ner förebyggande. Metod. Vi använder nätverks-scanning för att upptäcka öppna portar vilka matas in i vårt probing-verktyg som sedan utför protokoll-identifiering och datainsamling. Vi skapar ett fingeravtryck av varje server från de öppna portarna och de hostade tjänsterna. Två metoder för klassifiering av servrar togs fram. Den första metoden använder en maskininlärningsalgoritm över de öppna portarna och probe-datan, medan den andra beräknar en distans mellan två servrar. Vi jämför dessa metoder med den nya men etablerade JARM-metoden, som tar fram fingeravtryck av servrar från TLS-data, samt med två andra, simplare metoder. Resultat. Våra upptäckter visar att vår metod, som bygger på generell, aktiv probing är möjlig att använda för detektering av command-and-control-infrastruktur, men att resultaten varierar kraftigt beroende på malware-familj, där vissa familjer erbjuder mycket bättre resultat än andra. Slutsatser. Vi avslutar med att diskutera begränsningar i våra metoder och hur dessa kan förbättras, samt tar upp våra åsikter om potentialen för framtida forskning inom detta område.

Monitoring, tracking, and analyzing the dynamic growth of a living organism is essential to understanding its response to changes in its surrounding environment. Imaging tools to study these dynamics at spatial and temporal scales with optimal resolution rely on high-performance instrumentations. These systems are generally costly, stationary, and not flexible. In addition, performing non-destructive high-throughput phenotyping to extract roots' structural and morphological features remains challenging. We developed the MultipleXLab: a modular, mobile, and cost-effective robotic root imager to tackle these limitations. Among its advantages associated with a large field-of-view, integrated programmable plant-growth lighting, and high magnification with a high resolving power, the system is useful for a wide range of biological applications. We have also created the MultipleXLab Advanced; this configuration turns the system into a mobile environmental chamber by also featuring temperature control and automated irrigation. Another system we developed was the MultipleXLab Advanced Fluorescence to allow fluorescence imaging with a resolution that competes with a fluorescence binocular or even a fluorescence microscope. Furthermore, we have implemented various technologies and techniques to facilitate 3D imaging and quantification, ranging from X-ray micro-Computed Tomography to 3D segmentation of tissues, cells, and cellular compartments within the cell imaged using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. For future research, we have conceptualized an upscaled system named MultipleXLabXL. This larger system will allow tracking, monitoring, and quantifying root growth of a much higher number of seedlings for more extended periods.

Liquid spray is essential to industries requiring processes such as spray coating, spray drying, spray pyrolysis, or spray cooling. This thesis reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of a thin film deposition system which utilizes a linear multiplexed electrospray (LINES) atomizer. First, a thorough review of the advantages and limitations of prior multiplexed electrospray systems leads to discussion of the design rationale for this work. Next, the line of charge model was extended to prescribe the operating conditions for the experiments and to estimate the spray profile. The spray profile was then simulated using a Lagrangian model and solved using a desktop supercomputer based on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The simulation was extended to estimate the droplet number density flux during deposition. Pure ethanol was electrosprayed in the cone-jet mode from a 51-nozzle aluminum LINES atomizer with less than 3% relative standard deviation in the D10 average droplet diameter as characterized using Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI). Finally a 25-nozzle LINES was integrated into a thin film deposition system with a heated, motion controlled stage, to deposit TiO2 thin films onto silicon wafers from an ethanol based nanoparticle suspension. The resulting deposition pattern was analyzed using SEM, optical profilometry, and macro photography and compared with the numerical simulation results. The LINES tool developed here is a step forward to enabling the power of electrospray for industrial manufacturing applications in clean energy, health care, and electronics

There is a continuous need within most manufacturing environments for more flexible production equipment, particularly where customer satisfaction and responsiveness promote quality improvement. In this paper, an automated agile manufacturing system that uses high-speed computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines to make automotive cylinder heads is proposed and evaluated by means of discrete event simulation using the ARENA simulator. Two alternative agile system configurations are constructed and simulated to achieve the production target. The simulation shows some significant benefits in using the agile system and demonstrates that high-speed CNC equipment is a viable option for cylinder head manufacture at a production volume of 550 000 units per annum. It is shown that the agile system can provide more flexibility and half the throughput time of the transfer line.

The arrival on the market of a new kind of CNC machines which can both add and remove material to an object paved the way to a new approach to the problem of repairing damaged components. The additive operation is performed by a Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) tool, while the subtractive one is a machining task. Up to now, repair operations have been carried out manually and for this reason they are errors prone, costly and time consuming. Refurbishment can extend the life of a component, saving raw materials and resources. For these reasons, using a precise and repeatable CNC machine to repair valuable objects is therefore very attractive for the sake of reliability and repeatability, but also from an economical and environmental point of view. One of the biggest obstacles to the automation of the repairing process is represented by the fact that the CAM software requires a solid CAD model of the damage to create the toolpaths needed to perform additive operations. Using a 3D scanner the geometry of the damaged component can be reconstructed without major difficulties, but figuring out the damage location is rather difficult. The present work proposes the use of octrees to automatically detect the damaged spot, starting from the 3D scan of the damaged object. A software named DUOADD has been developed to convert this information into a CAD model suitable to be used by the CAM software. DUOADD performs an automatic comparison between the 3D scanned model and the original CAD model to detect the damaged area. The detected volume is then exported as a STEP file suitable to be used directly by the CAM. The new workflow designed to perform a complete repair operation is described placing the focus on the coding part. DUOADD allows to approach the repairing problem from a new point of view which allows savings of time and financial resources. The successful application of the entire process to repair a damaged die for injection molding is reported as a case study. In the last part of this work the strategies used to apply new material on the worn area are described and discussed. This work also highlights the importance of using optimal parameters for the deposition of the new material. The procedures to find those optimal parameters are reported, underlying the pros and cons. Although the DLD process is very energy efficient, some issues as thermal stresses and deformations are also reported and investigated, in an attempt to minimize their effects.

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<p>Ideally, the nominal design of a part or assembly, created with 3D Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software, can be consistently fixtured and machined. In reality, process conditions vary, and feedback and correction methods such as integrated on-machine inspection, analysis, and process adjustment, are required.</p> <p>On-machine inspection based on touch trigger probes is well established, but limited motion control computing capability restricts analysis to simple arithmetic. This prevents on-line use of known whole part mathematical analysis software that implements the part salvaging intentions of modern Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) standards. Additionally, no CNC integrated method exists for geometrically adjusting nominal tool paths so that an in-tolerance final part is produced. Machine tool support for high data rate sensors such as laser scanners is also lacking.</p> <p>This thesis reports progress towards bidirectional integration of machine tool mounted inspection sensors with GD&T analysis software, and subsequent toolpath adjustment. The concepts are demonstrated using a fixture consisting of three datum spheres and a workpiece. The fixture is clamped in the CNC machine, datum spheres are measured, and after mathematical data fitting and registration, an in-tolerance final part is produced. To facilitate multiple tests, a tool path is split into four and machined in four poses with measurement and tool path adjustment for each pose. Preliminary integration of a laser scanner with axis scales and computer software was also accomplished.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

L’intégration du langage informatique dans l’architecture et l’ingénierie a commencé dès les années 1960, mais a connu un réel essor dans les années 1990. Les outils de modélisation ont alors progressivement fait émerger une nouvelle architecture. Tout d’abord baptisée « architecture blob », on lui a ensuite attribué le nom de « blobisme » et ses dérivés sont aujourd’hui appelés « architecture non standard ». Au cours de la dernière décennie, certains chercheurs comme Mario Carpo ou praticiens comme Patrick Schumacher ont introduit les termes de « paramétrisme », « customisation de masse », et « architecture non standard » pour définir ces nouvelles constructions complexes. Elles ne sont pas nécessairement savantes, mais ont été conçues grâce à des outils numériques et réalisées avec des méthodes de fabrication digitales. Cette thèse prend appui sur le postulat qu’une approche non standard dans un projet est loin de se résumer à une démarche purement plastique ou fonctionnelle : elle est destinée à produire des objets constructibles. Le domaine d’étude est celui des murs et enveloppes construites en bois et plus particulièrement les parois de type cellulaire. Ce travail inclut donc un outil paramétrique d’aide à la conception (ACPT, Aided-Conception Parametric Tool) et à la fabrication qui peut accompagner les concepteurs dans l’exploration de solutions non-standards pour des problèmes architecturaux spécifiques Cet outil paramétrique et intégré s’appuie sur une modélisation géométrique et technique des parois murales et des différents dispositifs cellulaires qui les composent. L’approche paramétrique autorise le développement de nombreuses variantes morphologiques. Sa dimension intégrée permet la production et l’optimisation des données tant topologiques que constructives. La production grandeur nature d’une paroi réalisée par un robot de coupe a servi de cadre expérimental pour démontrer les potentialités de notre approche mais aussi en identifier les difficultés. Les améliorations effectuées ont conduit à produire une série de clusters (groupes de fonctions) pour Rhinoceros-Grasshopper (RGH) qui ont permis de mettre en oeuvre la première version opérationnelle de cet outil, baptisée Fab-Cell / The integration of computing language into architecture and engineering has been present since the 1960s but it only proved practical by the 1990s when modeling tools started to participate in an architectural shift that has conceptually mutated through the years. By then, the trend was called “blob architecture” and thirteen years ago, trends succeeding “blobism” were named as non-standard architecture. In the last ten years, academicians like Mario Carpo and practitioners such as Patrick Schumacher nested the terms parametricism, mass customization, and nonstandard architecture to define those complex –not necessarily complicated architectures created by using of digital tools and aided-manufacturing methods. This thesis is underpinned on the fact that using the non-standard approach in any architectural project needs more than just a plastic or functional intention but the means to translate that intention into actual buildable objects. The aims of this study are therefore oriented towards architectural elements using cellular-like patterns as morphologic resource. This work brings up an Aided-Conception Parametric Tool (ACPT) that actually helps designers to explore non-standard solutions to specific architectural problems regarding timber-built walls and envelopes. This ACPT is meant then to succeed architectural intentions in which geometric patterns –as morphologic modifiers- are used to provide walls and envelopes with a particular language (a cellular structure) that might require morphologic form searching (Carpo, 2015a) and topologic optimization by means of parametric generative modeling. The previously mentioned aims were validated by means of a full-scale prototyping exercise in which the first version of the ACPT is tested. Furthermore A series of modeling improvements regarding pattern generation, jointing calculation and fabrication simulation, helped fixing the difficulties found during the first validation stage in order to produce a set of Rhinoceros-Grasshopper (RGH) functional clusters that embody the early operational state of this ACPT called Fab-Cell