Cette recherche doctorale se propose d'étudier le rôle des mécanismes productifs, et plus particulièrement ceux de la métaphore, dans les collocations des noms d'affects. Cette problématique est traitée sous deux aspects principaux. Dans un premier temps, nous posons la question du rôle et de la place des mécanismes de figuration dans le phénomène du figement en général, puis plus particulièrement dans la construction des collocations. En effet, certaines associations ne sont pas arbitraires et différents types de motivation sont privilégiés, notamment ceux liés aux différents mécanismes figuratifs. Dans un deuxième temps se pose également la question du rôle et du type de la motivation métaphorique dans la description des émotions, question qui prend plus ou moins d'importance en fonction de l'angle d'étude adopté, selon qu'il s'agit de l'approche sémantico-lexicale ou de celle de la sémantique cognitive.Nous montrons la nécessité d'une réflexion plus adaptée aux spécificités du champ sémantique concerné et à l'objet d'étude que sont les collocations, en prenant en compte davantage le niveau proprement linguistique. En effet, la combinatoire lexicale fournit une trace objective des contenus sémantiques et nous permet d'analyser les dimensions sémantiques véhiculées, ainsi que de tester l'ancrage linguistique de la motivation métaphorique (la structuration métaphorique étant analysée en tant que phénomène relevant de la langue), tout en cherchant à décrire le fonctionnement et le rôle de ce type de combinaisons. / L'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais

Submitted by ARIANE DONIZETE DELGADO RIBEIRO CALDAS null (ariane_caldas@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-21T22:47:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação finalizada.pdf: 3351265 bytes, checksum: fc09263dc6c29d70acff9bfa30a1fbfe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-27T18:26:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 caldas_addr_me_sjrp.pdf: 3351265 bytes, checksum: fc09263dc6c29d70acff9bfa30a1fbfe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T18:26:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 caldas_addr_me_sjrp.pdf: 3351265 bytes, checksum: fc09263dc6c29d70acff9bfa30a1fbfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 / A presente pesquisa está vinculada ao Grupo de Pesquisa “Pedagogia do Léxico, da Tradução e Linguística de Corpus”, cadastrado no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa do CNPq, bem como faz parte do projeto guarda-chuva “A compilação de materiais didáticos e glossários especializados baseados em corpora e sua contribuição para uma Pedagogia do Léxico e da Tradução”, desenvolvido na UNESP. Tem como objetivo extrair e analisar, do ponto de vista sintático-morfológico e léxico-semântico, as colocações da área de investigação criminal presentes no corpus constituído pelas legendas da série de TV norte-americana CSI – Crime Scene Investigation e por um corpus comparável compilado com o auxílio da ferramenta Boot Cat Front End, versão 0,71 (ZANCHETTA; BARONI; BERNARDINI, 2013), o qual recebeu a denominação de Corpus Comparável Criminal. Como resultado prático desta pesquisa, as colocações especializadas levantadas e analisadas foram utilizadas para a elaboração das atividades que compõem o Online English Collocations Workbook (ORENHA-OTTAIANO, 2015), na categoria Investigation. Para isso, este trabalho fundamenta-se no arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Linguística de Corpus (BIBER, 1998; MEYER, 2004; MCENERY; HARDIE, 2012; TOGNINI-BONELLI, 2001), para proceder à compilação, extração e análise dos corpora de estudo, além de contar com os construtos da Fraseologia, de forma mais específica, aqueles que dizem respeito às colocações e às colocações especializadas (BEVILACQUA, 1998, 2005; L’HOMME; BERTRAND, 2000; ORENHA-OTTAIANO, 2004, 2009, 2012; SINCLAIR, 2001; TAGNIN, 2013), permitindo-nos, assim, analisar as colocações especializadas extraídas de ambos os corpora. Para a elaboração das atividades que são propostas como resultado final, contamos com o apoio teórico da Abordagem Lexical, proposta por Lewis (1993, 2000) e a proposta de Orenha-Ottaiano (2015), concernente à compilação de materiais didáticos para o ensino de colocações. No que diz respeito à metodologia, a pesquisa conta com dois corpora, o Corpus CSI e com o Corpus Comparável Criminal, compilado a fim de ser uma fonte de comprovação da utilização e da frequência de coocorrência das colocações especializadas encontradas no Corpus CSI fora do ambiente da série. Além disso, contamos com o emulador de concordanciador WebCorp como mais uma fonte de verificação da frequência de coocorrência das colocações especializadas levantadas. A partir desta pesquisa, foi possível a identificação e extração de 148 colocações especializadas a partir do nódulo evidence no Corpus CSI e 167 colocações deste mesmo no nódulo no Corpus Comparável Criminal, sendo que 90 destas colocações foram selecionadas para compor as atividades do Online English Collocations Workbook. Espera-se que estas atividades possam contribuir para o aprimoramento do conhecimento lexical de alunos de inglês como língua estrangeira, bem como de alunos do curso de Tradução, evidenciando, assim, a formação, o uso e a compreensão das colocações especializadas na área enfocada nesta pesquisa. Espera-se, ainda, que esta investigação possa vir a ressaltar a importância da Linguística de Corpus para o estudo da Fraseologia e a importância de ambas as áreas para o desenvolvimento de estudos e elaboração de materiais didáticos na área da Pedagogia do Léxico Baseada em Corpus. / The present research is linked to the Research Group Corpus-based Lexicon and Translation Pedagogy, registered in the Directory of Research Groups of CNPq, as well as it is part of the umbrella project "The compilation of didactic materials and specialized glossaries based on corpora and its contribution to a Teaching of the Lexicon and of Translation ", developed in UNESP. It aims to extract and analyze, from the syntactic-morphological and lexical-semantic point of view, the specialized collocations present in a corpus constituted by the subtitles of North American TV series CSI – Crime Scene Investigation and by a comparable corpus compiled with the aid of the Boot Cat Front End tool, version 0.71 (ZANCHETTA; BARONI; BERNARDINI, 2013), which received the name of Criminal Comparable Corpus. As a practical result of this research, the specialized collocations extracted and analyzed were used to elaborate the activities that integrate the Online English Collocations Workbook (ORENHA-OTTAIANO, 2015), in the Investigation category. To do this, this work is based on the theoretical-methodological framework of Corpus Linguistics (BIBER, 1998; MEYER, 2004; MCENERY; HARDIE, 2012; TOGNINI-BONELLI, 2001) to compile, extract and analyze the study corpora, besides counting with the constructs of Phraseology, more specifically, those related to collocations and specialized collocations (BEVILACQUA, 1998, 2005; L’HOMME; BERTRAND, 2000; ORENHA-OTTAIANO, 2004, 2009, 2012; SINCLAIR, 2001; TAGNIN, 2013), thus allowing us to proceed with the analysis of specialized collocations extracted from both corpora. In order to elaborate the activities that are proposed as final results, we count on the theoretical support of the Lexical Approach proposed by Lewis (1993, 2000) and on Orenha-Ottaiano (2015) proposal concerning the compilation of didactic materials for the teaching of collocations. Regarding the methodology, the research has two corpora, the CSI Corpus and the Criminal Comparable Corpus, compiled in order to be a source of proof of the use and frequency of co-occurrence of specialized collocations found in CSI Corpus outside the series environment. In addition, we have the WebCorp concordance emulator as another source of verification of the frequency of co-occurrence of the specialized collocations raised. From this research it was possible to identify and extract 148 specialized collocations from the evidence node in the CSI Corpus and 167 collocations of this same node in the Criminal Comparable Corpus, and 90 of these collocations were selected to compose the activities of Online English Collocations Workbook. We hope that these activities may contribute to the improvement of the lexical knowledge of students of English as a foreign language, as well as students of the Translation course, thus evidencing the training, use and understanding of specialized collocations in the area focused in this research. It’s hoped that this research may highlight the importance of Corpus Linguistics for the study of Phraseology and the importance of both areas for the development of studies and elaboration of didactic materials in the area of Corpus-Based Lexicon Pedagogy.

The present study focuses on English collocations and their testing in Czech learners of English. Since the importance of collocations and phraseology as a linguistic discipline has not been recognised until recently, these concepts are introduced from the general point of view. First, the attention is given to the history of phraseology and its underlying principles as well as to the major approaches to it. Second, phraseological units are described from the point of view of their categorisation and of some influential typologies of these units. The main focus of interest is collocations, particularly major approaches to them as well as criteria commonly used to describe and delimit collocations from other types of prefabricated units and their definition and classification. Previous research on collocations in learner English is also outlined. The analytical part (based on Granger's (1998) study) analyzes the results of testing English collocations in Czech learners of English. The main focus is on whether these results confirm or deny the results of Granger's study, as well as on the learners' knowledge of and ability to use collocations, particularly on their (non)attaining the native "ideal."

The subject of collocability has been a common concern among linguists, lexicographers, and language pedagogues recently. They find the linguistic aspect of collocation interesting, because words due not exist in isolation from other words in a language. They exist with other words. In every language, the vocabulary consists of single words and multi-word expressions. Collocations are among those multi-word expressions. The aim of this thesis is to characterize collocations in the Arabic language, to devise a classification of the semantic and the distributional patterns of collocations in the Arabic language and to examine the problems encountered in translating English collocations into Arabic. This will require an analysis of the collocational patterns in both English and Arabic, a classification of the translation outcomes, and therefore, types of errors adopted by translators, an indication of how frequent and significant each error is, and an analysis of the causes of each error. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The subject of collocability has been a common concern among linguists, lexicographers, and language pedagogues recently. They find the linguistic aspect of collocation interesting, because words due not exist in isolation from other words in a language. They exist with other words. In every language, the vocabulary consists of single words and multi-word expressions. Collocations are among those multi-word expressions. The aim of this thesis is to characterize collocations in the Arabic language, to devise a classification of the semantic and the distributional patterns of collocations in the Arabic language and to examine the problems encountered in translating English collocations into Arabic. This will require an analysis of the collocational patterns in both English and Arabic, a classification of the translation outcomes, and therefore, types of errors adopted by translators, an indication of how frequent and significant each error is, and an analysis of the causes of each error. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Šiame magistro darbe analizuojamos ontologinės ir struktūrinės metaforos, atrinktos iš Daiktavardinių frazių žodyno, kuris sudarytas iš stabiliųjų žodžių junginių (kolokacijų) ir frazių, kuriose pavartotas bent vienas daiktavardis. Kadangi abstrakčiųjų daiktavardžių kolokacijos yra kalbinių metaforų išraiška, dėl to ir pasinaudota minėtu žodynu. Darbe gana išsamiai pristatyta tiek kolokacijos, tiek metaforos teorija. Apsistota ties konceptualiąja metafora. Laikomasi ir pritariama kognityvinės lingvistikos atstovų suformuluotai nuostatai, kad žmogaus konceptualioji sistema, į kurią įeina mąstymas, suvokimas, kalba, atmintis, yra iš prigimties metaforiška. Aprašius atrankos būdus ir kriterijus atrinktos ontologinės, kurios abstrakcijoms suteikia objekto ar substancijos pavidalą, sudaiktina, sumedžiagina jas, ir struktūrinės, kuriose gana aiškiai tam tikri konkretaus koncepto bruožai suteikiami abstrakčiajam, metaforos suskirstytos į semantines grupes: struktūrinės pagal tai, kokiu konkrečiu daiktu konceptualizuojami abstraktai, ontologinės – kokia konkretaus daikto savybe metaforizuojami abstraktai. Šios kiekvienos rūšies metaforos grupės skilo į dar smulkesnes semantines grupes. Išanalizavus konceptualiąsias struktūrines metaforas paaiškėjo, kad abstraktas gali būti konceptualizuojamas ir agregatinės medžiagos būsena – skysčiu, ir labai konkrečiu daiktu: taure, bagažu, skraiste. Šios metaforos įdomios tuo, kad pasirenkamu labai konkrečiu daiktu konceptualizuojami abstraktai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Present research is based on ontological and structural metaphors, manually extracted from the Dictionary of Lithuanian Nominal Phrases. The dictionary is compiled from collocations, automatically extracted from the Corpus of Present Day Lithuanian Language. All collocations contain at least one noun. The dictionary is a suitable source for the extraction of metaphors since it contains a lot of abstract noun collocations that in most cases are metaphorical. The paper presents theoretical approaches towards both issues unders analysis, i.e. metaphors and collocations. The specific object of investigation, however, is conceptual, or dead, metaphor. It is defined here as a linguistic expression of a conceptual model of a world view. Following the cognitive approach it is assumed that human conceptual system, comprising cognition, language and memory, is metaphorical in nature. After presenting the identification criteria and procedures, the outcome of analysis is presented, i.e. ontological and structural metaphors. Ontological metaphors are described as those which allow to concieve an abstract concept as a concrete tangible object or substance. Structural metaphors give a more specified and clear-cut associations with an object or entity. Both types of methaphors under analysis are subclassified according to their semantic features. In the case of ontological metaphors a semantic feature reveals just one property of an entity, in the case of structural metaphors a semantic... [to full text]

This diploma thesis focuses on the French analytic predicates with event nouns with the suffix -ation. It is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part starts with a description of the analytic predicates and their caracteristics on which are based the tests used for identification of this type of predicates. It is followed by the description and typologies of the event nouns which represent one of two fondamental constituents of the analytic predicates. Then the work deals the process of nominalization, and the importance of the delimitation, sense and characteristics of the French suffix -ation is highlighted. The practical part analyses the most frequent French event nouns with the suffix -ation. First of all, a sample of thirty most frequent French nouns in -ation is selected, then the ethymology of these nouns is researched and their action sens is tested. After that, this work treats the valency of the action nouns and their collocability with verbs.

Les formes du figement dans les terminologies juridiques françaises et russes. Étude comparée.Le but de cette recherche est de décrire la formation des collocations spécialisées vues dans une optique contrastive, au sein de la langue spécialisée juridique française et de la langue russe. L'objet de la recherche est la modélisation des liens syntagmatiques des termes de la langue spécialisée juridique. Nous nous sommes inspirée de la sémantique des cadres, notamment du frame filmorien qui structure notre étude. L'unité d'analyse est une collocation de la langue spécialisée juridique appélée combinaison lexicale spécialisée.L'approche onomasiologique pose la problématique de l'étude des systèmes conceptuels des combinaisons lexicales spécialisées (ou CLS). L'approche sémasiologique s'occupe de la modélisation des CLS au niveau de la langue. Ainsi, les deux approches proposées - l'onomasiologique et la sémasiologique - servent respectivement aux besoins de la construction de deux champs, le notionnel et le sémantique, sur lesquels se fonde la typologie interlinguistique. Nous utilisons une approche comparative pour pouvoir trouver les parallélismes dans la procédure de création et de stabilisation de la signification dans les deux langues spécialisées, française et russe. C'est au cours de la confrontation de deux langues spécialisées que nous analysons les différences de créativité linguistique pour ensuite pouvoir en déduire les principes communs de formation des CLS juridiques. La méthode de traduction nous permet de juger de la stabilisation de la signification de la CLS en question et ensuite du degré de sa terminologisation. La comparaison interlinguistique, plus précisément pour ce qui nous concerne, la méthode de traduction, si elle révèle les propriétés extérieures au système des langues spécialisées française ou russe, sert également aux besoins de la modélisation lexico-sémantique de leurs moyens combinatoires. / General outline of the thesis: The forms of the unchanging nature of the French and Russian terminology. A comparative study.This research aims at describing the setting up of specialized collocations with a contrastive perspective t, within the French and Russian specialized legal language.The aim of this research deals with the modelling of the syntagmatic links regarding the terms of the specialized legal language. We have drawn our inspiration from the ideas of the semantics of the framework, in particular, of the Filmorian frame that structures our study. The analysis unit is a collocation of the specialized legal language, which is called specialized lexical combination.The onomasiological approach sets the problem of the study of the conceptual systems concerning the SLC. The semasiological approach deals with the modelling of the SLC at language level. Thus, the two suggested approaches, the onomasiological and the semasiological ones, both answer the needs of the setting up of the two fields: the notional as well as the semantic ones that, in turn, lay the foundation of the interlinguistic typology. We use a comparative approach to be able to find some kind of parallelism within the process of creation and stabilisation of the two specialized languages: French and Russian. While making a comparison between the two specialized languages, we can analyse the difference of linguistic creativity in order to be able to infer the common principles that govern the formation of the SLC. The method of translation, even if it points out the properties outside the system of the concrete specialized language, either French or Russian, does answer the needs of the lexico-semantic modelling of their perspective means of combination.Key words : jurdical terminology, frame, collocation, specialized lexical combination, onomasiological approach, semasiological approach, conceptual systems, comparative approach, translation

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A pesquisa aqui descrita à produto de uma empreitada que concatena trÃs grandes Ãreas dentro dos estudos em LinguÃstica: Fraseologia, CompetÃncia Comunicativa e InterlÃngua. Tendo em vista que as unidades fraseolÃgicas sÃo itens lexicais de difÃcil aquisiÃÃo em contexto de segunda lÃngua, adotamos as colocaÃÃes como objeto de estudo por serem altamente produtivas e recorrentes na produÃÃo oral e escrita de falantes nativos. Intencionamos averiguar como os aprendizes de PortuguÃs como LÃngua adicional utilizam as colocaÃÃes em textos escritos e de que forma esse uso delata o que decidimos chamar de CompetÃncia Colocacional. Optamos por trabalhar com sujeitos norte-americanos pertencentes ao programa FLTA, ligado à ComissÃo Fulbright, que promoveram a lÃngua inglesa no Brasil por nove meses no perÃodo de 2015. Os sujeitos que tiveram interesse em participar desta pesquisa foram agrupados conforme nÃvel de proficiÃncia e escreveram textos, em lÃngua portuguesa, cujo tema versava sobre suas impressÃes sobre a cultura brasileira. Depois de escritos, os textos foram analisados e as colocaÃÃes categorizadas de acordo com a equivalÃncia existente entre lÃngua alvo/materna e conforme suas estruturas morfossintÃticas. ApÃs cruzarmos os dados, encontramos que o sistema linguÃstico do nÃvel de proficiÃncia B1/B2 ainda à dependente da lÃngua materna, apresentando colocaÃÃes de âEquivalÃncia Totalâ em todos os tipos de estruturas morfossintÃticas. A anÃlise do grupo de nÃvel de proficiÃncia C1/C2 mostrou que este conhece e utiliza uma quantidade maior de tipos de estruturas, embora produzindo colocaÃÃes pautadas em uma relaÃÃo direta com a lÃngua materna. AlÃm disso, realizamos uma anÃlise dos erros colocacionais, cujos resultados apontam para o fato de a transferÃncia linguÃstica nÃo se constituir como fator principal para o processo de fossilizaÃÃo e percebeu-se tambÃm que os nÃveis mais avanÃados cometem mais erros colocacionais por ainda estarem testando hipÃteses sobre a lÃngua em aquisiÃÃo. ConcluÃmos lanÃando perspectivas de continuidade e possÃveis contribuiÃÃes que este trabalho oferece para Ãreas como LinguÃstica Aplicada, por exemplo. / The research described here is the product of a work that concatenates three major areas within the studies in Linguistics: Phraseology, Communicative Competence and Interlanguage. Given the fact that phraseological units are lexical items of difficult acquisition in a second language context, we adopted the collocations as an object of study to be highly productive and recurrent in oral and written production of native speakers. We intended to find out how the learners of Portuguese as an additional language use collocations in written texts and how this use betrays what we decided to call collocational competence. We chose to work with American subjects belonging to the FLTA program, linked to the Fulbright Commission, who promoted the English language in Brazil for a nine-month period in 2015. The subjects who were interested in participating in this study were grouped according to the level of proficiency and were asked to write texts in Portuguese, whose theme questionnaire was about their impressions of the Brazilian culture. Once written, the texts were analyzed and the collocations categorized according to the existing equivalence between target / mother language and according to their morphosyntactic structures. After we crossed the data, we found out that the B1 / B2 language system proficiency level is still dependent on the mother tongue, with "Total Equity" collocations presented in all types of morphosyntactic structures. The analysis of the C1 / C2 proficiency level group showed that they know and use a larger number of types of structures, while producing guided collocations in a direct relationship with the mother tongue. In addition, we conducted an analysis of collocational errors, whose results point to the fact that the linguistic transfer does not constitute the main factor to the process of fossilization. Besides, we also realized that the most advanced levels make more collocational errors as they were still testing hypotheses on language acquisition. We concluded by launching perspectives of continuity and possible contributions that this work offers to areas such as Applied Linguistics.

This paper is a study of the use of the prepositions to/with after the verb to talk in British and American English. The research is based on the material from the COBUILDDirect corpus, Longman American Spoken Corpus and New York Times CD-ROM. The common and different features of the use of talk to/with in different genres of American and British English as well as in written and spoken English were studied; special attention was paid to the factors which influence the choice of the prepositions. The research has shown that generally talk with is used much less than talk to and probably is undergoing the process of narrowing of meaning. With after talk seems to be used most often to refer to two-way communication while talk to is used to refer to both one- and two-way communication and is, therefore, more universal than talk with.