Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HelioTMF.pdf: 10560216 bytes, checksum: 1a99eef40cb541fed743f852c8636a24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Droughts surfaced in 1877 as a crucial problem for the birthing Brazilian nation. Engineers, who formed the country's technical and scientific elite, took it upon themselves to study, understand and fight the problem through planned actions of intervention on space. This work, based on proposals and discussions contained in engineering magazines and reports, aims to provide elements for the comprehension of how these systematized actions against droughts, in the Iate nineteenth and early twentieth century, contributed to spatial analysis and the formation of a (then-inexistent) regional and territorial planning discipline in Brazi!. Engineers, by taking up the position of masterminds in the country's modernization, guaranteed for themselves personal economic stability, social prestige and political power. By understanding nature, either as a resource to be exploited or an adversary to national progress, they contributed to the delimitation of the region now known as the Northeast. By seeking to understand the drought phenomenon, they created knowledge about the space they sought to intervene on; by constructing their projects amid political and economical difficulty, they changed the organizational structures of cities and country in the northeast. The proposals for a?udes (Iarge water reservoirs) allowed the fixation of population and the resistance against droughts; the roads - railroads and automotive roadways - connected the sert?o to the capitais and the coast, speeding up help to the affected populations during droughts and allowing the circulation of goods so as to strengthen the local economies in normal rimes. The adopted practices and techniques, adapted from foreign experience and developed through trial and improvement, were consolidated as an eminently spatial intervention course, even if a theoretical body of regional or territorial planning wasn't formed in Brazil. Regional Planning proper was first applied in the country in the Northeast itself, in the 1950s, based off an economical view of reality in order to achieve development. The engineer's work prior tothat date, however, cannot be dlsconsldered. It was proved that, despite facing financial and political hurdles, engineers had a profound commitment to the problem and intended to act systematically to transform the economical and social relations in the region, in order to be victorious in their struggle against droughts / As secas apresentaram-se, desde 1877, como um problema de solu??o imprescind?vel para a na??o brasileira em forma??o. Os engenheiros, que formavam a elite t?cnica e cient?fica do pa?s, tomaram para si a responsabilidade de estudar, compreender e combater o problema atrav?s de a??es planejadas de interven??o sobre o espa?o. Este trabalho se prop?e a, a partir das propostas e discuss?es expostas em revistas de engenharia e relat?rios, fornecer ind?cios para compreens?o do significado que as a??es sistematizadas contra os efeitos das estiagens nas ?ltimas d?cadas do s?culo XIX e primeiras do s?culo XX tiveram no sentido de indicar elementos para a an?lise do espa?o e para a forma??o de um (ent?o inexistente) corpo disciplinar de planejamento urbano e regional no Brasil. Os engenheiros, ao assumir o posto de mentores da moderniza??o do pa?s, garantiam para si mesmos estabilidade econ?mica pessoal, prest?gio social e poder pol?tico. Entendendo a natureza ora como um recurso a ser explorado, ora como empecilho para o progresso nacional, exploraram o territ?rio das secas, contribuindo com a pr?pria delimita??o da regi?o que hoje chamamos Nordeste. Procurando compreender o fen?meno das secas} acabaram por criar conhecimento sobre o espa?o sobre o qual pretendiam intervir; levando a cabo, em meio a dificuldades econ?micas e pol?ticas, seus projetos, modificaram a estrutura de organiza??o de cidades e campo no nordeste. As propostas de a?udes, por um lado, possibilitariam a fixa??o da popula??o e a resist?ncia da economia ?s secas; as estradas - ferrovias e rodovias -, por outro lado, conectariam o sert?o ?s capitais e ao litoral, facilitando o aux?lio ?s popula??es durante as secas e possibilitando a circula??o de bens de forma a fortalecer as economias locais em tempos normais. As pr?ticas e t?cnicas adotadas, adaptadas de experi?ncias estrangeiras e desenvolvidas a partir de tentativas e ajustes, consolidaram-se como um curso de interven??o eminentemente espacial, ainda que n?o tenha se formado um corpo te?rico de planejamento regional ou territorial no Brasil. O Planejamento Regional propriamente dito teve in?cio no pa?s exatamente pela regi?o Nordeste, na d?cada de 1950, partindo de uma leitura econ?mica da realidade para atingir o desenvolvimento. O trabalho que os engenheiros efetuaram previamente, no entanto, n?o pode ser descartado. Ficou provado que, apesar de enfrentar entraves financeiros e pol?ticos, os engenheiros tinham um profundo comprometimento com o problema e objetivaram agir sistematicamente sobre o espa?o de modo a transformar as rela??es econ?micas e sociais da regi?o, para assim serem vitoriosos em sua luta contra as secas

This thesis describes the evaluation of a prototype (Illustrator) for future simulator training of Within Visual Range - combat in the Swedish Air Force. The main focus was to collect and transform user acceptance data (expert opinions) to useful guidelines for continued development. Thirteen active fighter pilots participated in the study. The aim was to use expert opinion to study a) the psychological user acceptance, and b) the technical user acceptance, of the Illustrator together with c) gathering opinions for future improvement. Three psychological aspects were rated before and after the sessions to measure psychological user acceptance. For technical user acceptance, seven fidelity levels of the Illustrator were evaluated regarding realism, limitation of performance and importance of realism after the sessions. The sessions consisted of WVR-scenarios. Four different questionnaires were used for data collection. Two fidelity levels showed to diverge from the others in many ways, and were identified as major problems by the participants. No change of the psychological aspects was found between measurements. According to the results of the evaluation, suggestions and guidelines for future development are presented. Finally, issues of interest for future research are proposed.

O ciclo reprodutivo de Spilotes pullatus na região sudeste do Brasil é descrito para machos e fêmeas a partir de análises macroscópicas e microscópicas do aparelho reprodutor e órgãos acessórios envolvidos na reprodução ao longo do ano. Os machos da espécie apresentam o ciclo sazonal com o início da espermatogênese no verão, e durante o outono ocorre a espermiação. Os gametas são estocados ao longo dos ductos deferentes que possuem um formato convoluto. Os testículos entram em regressão e durante o inverno e a primavera apresentam-se inativos. Não é incomum encontrar machos de Spilotes com anomalia gonadal, apresentando uma massa testicular funcional próximo aos testículos. A cópula ocorre durante o inverno, principalmente na metade final da estação, os gametas estocados nos ductos deferentes não são esgotados durante a estação de acasalamento de forma que durante todo o ano os machos possuem espermatozóides estocados nos ductos. Os rins, órgão reprodutor acessório em Squamata, não apresentam variação em tamanho ao longo das estações em nenhum dos sexos, mas mudanças microscópicas ocorrem no néfron dos machos na região do segmento sexual renal, essa estrutura encontra-se hipertrofiada durante a estação de acasalamento. Combate pode ocorrer durante a primavera e os machos tendem a ficar com a porção cranial do corpo na vertical durante o duelo, diferentemente da maioria dos outros colubrídeos que mantém quase todo o corpo na horizontal. Durante o combate os machos podem expor o hemipênis. As fêmeas iniciam a vitelogênese no outono quando os folículos menores do que 10 mm começam a receber depósito de vitelo. O forrageio das fêmeas diminui de acordo com o desenvolvimento folicular. No final do inverno os folículos encontram-se pré-ovulatórios e no oviduto médio observa-se uma hipertrofia das glândulas da casca. As fêmeas parecem apresentar um período de proestro de seis dias e em seguida o estro. Os hemipênes da espécie são únicos, sem nenhum tipo de bifurcação, enquanto que a fêmea possui uma cloaca longa e com bolsas (vaginas) marcadamente bilobadas. Após a cópula, no final do inverno, ocorre a ovulação. Nessa espécie parece haver ovulação reflexa, sendo a cópula o estímulo para que ocorra a ovulação. A primavera é a estação onde as fêmeas encontram-se prenhas e realizam a ovipostura. As fêmeas que não ovularam parecem ter os folículos absorvidos pelo organismo. As caninanas produzem em média oito ovos que 12 podem estar distribuídos igualmente ou não entre os ovários. Os ovos postos na prprimavera são incubados em média por 73 dias e a eclosão ocorre durante o verão. / The reproductive cycle of Spilotes pullatus in southeastern of Brazil is described for males and females from macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the reproductive tract and accessory organs involved in reproduction throughout the year. Males of the species exhibit a seasonal cycle with the onset of spermatogenesis in the summer and during autumn spermiation occurs. The gametes are stored along the vas deferens, which have a convoluted shape. The testicles come in regression and during the winter and spring appear inactive. It is not unusual to find male Spilotes with gonadal failure, with a testicular mass function next to the testicles. Mating occurs during the winter, especially in the latter half of the season, gametes stored in the vas deferens are not depleted during the breeding season so that throughout the years, males have sperm stored in the vas. The kidneys, reproductive organ accessory in Squamatas not show variation in size throughout the seasons in either sex, but microscopic changes occur in the nephron of male sexual segment in the region of the kidney, this structure is hypertrophied during the mating season. The kidneys, reproductive organ accessory Squamatas not show variation in size throughout the seasons in either sex, but microscopic changes occur in the nephron of male sexual segment in the region of the kidney, this structure is hypertrophied during the mating season. Combat can occur during the spring and the males tend to stay with the cranial portion of the body vertical during the duel, unlike most other colubrids that keeps most of the body horizontally. During combat, males may expose the hemipenis. The females begin the vitellogenesis on fall when the follicles smaller than 10 mm start receiving tank calf. Female foraging decreases with the follicle development. At the end of winter follicles are pre-ovulatory and in the medium oviduct there is a hypertrophy of gland shell. Females appear to have a period of six days of proestrus and then estrus. The specie hemipenes are unique, without any kind of bifurcation, while the female has a long cloaca with pouch (or vaginal pouch) markedly bilobed. After mating in the end of winter, ovulation occurs. In this species seems to be reflex ovulation, copulation being the stimulus for ovulation to occur. Spring is the season when females are pregnant and do the oviposition. Females that did not ovulate have to seem the follicles absorbed by the body. The 14 tiger rat snake produce an average of eight eggs that may or may not be distributed equally between the ovaries. The eggs laid in spring are incubated in medium for 73 days and hatching occurs during the summer.

Nous voyons apparaître, ces dernières années, ce que l'on nomme « les nouvelles spiritualités » : phénomène de société pour les uns ; danger alarmant pour les autres. Toutefois il n'est pas aisé de se faire un avis objectif sur la question, dans la mesure où chacun pense détenir une part de vérité qu’il s’obstine à défendre contre celle de l'autre. Il faudrait pourtant s’éléver au-dessus de toutes ces passions, dépasser le simple cadre de ces confrontations pour voir jaillir une vérité plus universelle.Ce sujet de recherche est une histoire ; une histoire qui commence avec « le baptême dans la Correspondance de Cyprien de Carthage » et qui s’est poursuivi avec « la querelle sur le baptême et les divisions de l’Église chrétienne africaine de Cyprien de Carthage à Augustin ». Il s’agit d’une histoire ascentionelle qui prend source dans la question du rebaptême si cher à Cyprien à la suite des lapsi, qui enchaîne avec la remise en cause de l’idée du rebaptême, pour déboucher sur la préoccupation de la paix dans l’unité avec Augustin. C’est la question centrale du «combat contre l’hérésie chez Augustin [dans] la campagne anti-manichéenne et anti-donatiste».Dans le cadre de ces recherches, j’ai surtout voulu aborder, par l’étude des documents essentiels des oeuvres d’Augustin d’Hippone [plus précisément l’ample « dossier » anti-manichéen et encore le plus ample « dossier » anti-donatiste], la façon dont l’histoire des communautés chrétiennes, à une certaine époque de l’antiquité, a été impactée dans son évolution sociale et idéologique par la pluralité des pensées qui se sont développées en son sein.Le choix du sujet imposait une nouvelle approche à l’étude et exploitation des sources afin de mieux appréhender les stratégies de combat développées par Augustin dans son offensive contre l’hérésie en Afrique et à l’époque théodosienne. Ainsi, dans ce travail de recherche j’ai eu à coeur de souligner l'information originale qui découle des oeuvres anti-manichéennes et anti-donatistes d'Augustin, en particulier sur les effets de la fonction préventive des pénalités, la terreur des lois et l’action des évêques pour découvrir les hérétiques. J’ai en outre eu à coeur de souligner que, dans le cas des manichéens, Augustin a toujours agi avec la rigueur et la méfiance d’une personne convertie, bien qu'il n’ait pas pu éviter l'empreinte du manichéisme dans certains de ses concepts. Quant au donatisme, j’ai mené mes investigations dans le cadre conceptuel du conflit religieux et des tensions ecclésiologiques.Ce travail est d’une certaine originalité. Une originalité davantage développer et perceptible dans la troisième partie grâce notamment à l'étude comparative de l'intervention d'Augustin avec les deux formes de dissidence. / We see appear, these last years, what we is called « the new spiritualities » : social phenomenon for some; danger alarming for the others. However it is not easy to make an objective opinion on the question, as far as each think hold a part of the truth which persists in defending against that of the other one. It would be necessary nevertheless to go over all these passions, to exceed the simple framework of these confrontations to see springing the truth more universal.This research topic is a history ; a story which begins with « the baptism in the Correspondence of Cyprian of Carthage » and that continued with « the quarrel on the baptism and the divisions of the african christian church from Cyprian of Carthage to Augustine ». It is about a climb story which takes its source in the question of the second baptism so expensive to Cyprian following lapsi, which continues with the questioning of the idea of the second baptisme, to lead to the concern about the peace in the unity with Augustine. It is the central question of « Augustine’s fight against the heresy [in] the anti-manichean campaign and anti-donatist ».In the framework of these researches, I especially wanted to approach, by the study of the essential documents of the works of Augustin of Hippo [more exactly the ample anti-manichean « file » and still the most ample « file » anti-donatiste], the way the history of the christian communities, in a certain period of the antiquity, was impacted in its social and ideological evolution by the plurality of the thoughts which developed within it.The choice of the subject required a new approach on the study and the exploitation of sources in order to better apprehend the strategies of fight developed by Augustine in its offensive against the heresy in Africa and in the period theodosian. So, in this research work I was eager to underline the original information which ensues from anti-manichean works and anti-donatist of Augustine, in particular on the effects of the preventive function of the penalties, the terror of the laws and the action of the bishops to discover the heretics. I was besides eager to underline that, in the case of the manicheans, Augustine always acted with the rigor and the distrust of a converted person, although he was not able to avoid the imprint of the manichaeism in some of his concepts. As for the donatism, I led my investigations in the conceptual framework of the religious conflict and the ecclesiological tensions.This work is of a certain originality. An originality futrther develop and perceptible in the third part in particular to the comparative study of the intervention of Augustine with both forms of dissident.

Albert Bandura’s construct of moral disengagement has been recognized as theoretically useful for the study of self-destructive behaviors and moral disengagement, and to provide a unique criterion for empirical investigation of United States combat veterans returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The purpose of this project is to better understand predictors related to the disengagement of moral self-sanctions in order that self-destructive behaviors related to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, such as drug and alcohol abuse, and the ultimate self-destructive behavior of suicide, might be mitigated. Charles Snyder’s hope construct, Harold Koenig and Arndt Büssing’s concept of intrinsic religiosity and Corey Keyes’ notion of psychological flourishing are chosen as viable predictor variables. Hope and intrinsic religiosity are found to be significant and to be correlated with moral disengagement. Inferences regarding the results are postulated and suggestions are made for research regarding other possible predictors of moral disengagement. Agentive moral reinforcement is discussed and proposals offered related to increasing psychological resilience and decreasing the agent’s risk associated with moral disengagement.

Air combat is a complex situation, training for it and analysis of possible tactics are time consuming and expensive. In order to circumvent those problems, mathematical models of air combat can be used. This thesis presents air combat as a one-on-one influence diagram game where the influence diagram allows the dynamics of the aircraft, the preferences of the pilots and the uncertainty of decision making in a structural and transparent way to be taken into account. To obtain the players’ game optimal control sequence with respect to their preferences, the influence diagram has to be solved. This is done by truncating the diagram with a moving horizon technique and determining and implementing the optimal controls for a dynamic game which only lasts a few time steps. The result is a working air combat model, where a player estimates the probability that it resides in any of four possible states. The pilot’s preferences are modeled by utility functions, one for each possible state. In each time step, the players are maximizing the cumulative sum of the utilities for each state which each possible action gives. These are weighted with the corresponding probabilities. The model is demonstrated and evaluated in a few interesting aspects. The presented model offers a way of analyzing air combat tactics and maneuvering as well as a way of making autonomous decisions in for example air combat simulators.

The goal of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive view of the combat skills and competencies of the European medieval warrior, using both written and archaeological sources and modern research of the recent years. The main reason for the choice of this theme is the general ignorance of the warrior past of our ancestors and especially the underestimation of European medieval fighting as something crude, non-technical and barbaric. This thesis attempts to refute such myths, among other through the comparison of 13th century fencing and Renaissance martial arts. Key words: Combat - Middle Age - Fencing- Swordplay - Wrestling - I.33 - European martial arts

The purpose of this thesis was to examine and compare two iconoclastic works dealing with war as experienced by combatants. So much of modern war fiction takes this perspective that one is hard pressed to imagine a time when such was not the case; the watershed was marked in the above named works by the aforementioned writers, which, and who, were first in putting readers inside the heads of common soldiers facing mortal danger. These pioneering authors opened the door to modernist writing about boundary situations involving existential threat, as well as the psychological reactions they evoke – especially fear. Depicting the toll the horrors of war take on individuals has helped humanize its study and enhanced our understanding of what had been a hidden cost of modern armed conflict.

The objective of this study was to examine the relations between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptomatology and intelligence. Thirty American combat veterans of the Vietnam War, diagnosed with chronic PTSD, were given a psychodiagnostic structured interview. Participants were assessed for Intelligence Quotient as well as the veracity of their self report. The study found that there were significant differences in how participants experienced their PTSD symptoms that were correlated with intelligence. The higher IQ participants reported more frequent and intense guilt related symptoms as well as more intense intrusive recollections. The lower IQ participants experienced more frequent startle responses, more intense problems related to falling or remaining asleep and more frequent affective symptoms related to emotional numbing. Psychologists could use these differences in how PTSD is experienced in treatment planning. It may be useful for therapy to address sleep disturbances and affective numbing in lower IQ individuals. Therapy for higher IQ individuals may be more useful if it addresses feelings of guilt and intrusive recollections.

This thesis deals with designing a model for simulation and visualisation of air combat tactics. It introduces air combat environment and describes a process for its modeling. Thesis describes basics of air combat, its principles and importance of chosen tactics. Using Jason programming language, artificial agents are created and chosen tactics are implemented. The process of implementing tacitcs is described from analysis to final implementation. Finaly, various types of agents are tested in mock combat against each other.