This master’s paper first presents some of the principal theories and concepts developed by the poverty researchers Rowntree, Titmuss, Townsend, Sen and Lister. These theoretical frameworks are then related to two documents from the EU and Sweden concerning combating poverty and social exclusion, bearing on the establishment of the ‘Year 2010 against Poverty’. Finally, I discuss the value in practice of these theories and policy documents, as regards reducing poverty in Europe. It has become clear in this investigation that the theories and concepts from earlier research are still relevant to the formulation of contemporary policy programmes, and that earlier research helps us to avoid old traps in fighting poverty. Central terms, perspectives and theories in this thesis are ‘absolute’ and ‘relative’ poverty, inequality of social structures, human rights and wellbeing, the capability for overcoming poverty, the multidimensional nature of poverty, and the need for a future woman-friendly and cosmopolitan citizenship. The two policy documents contain different perspectives; such as rights, gender equality, integration and accessibility perspectives, together with the underlying empowerment perspective. In addition, the multidimensional nature of poverty is strongly emphasised. Policy documents have a limitation to their political and economic frames, and in order to avoid this, researchers should have a more active involvement in policy formulation, basically as in the case of official inquiries. Goal-oriented cooperation between policy, research and poor people themselves is crucial to achieving the reduction of poverty in Europe.

<p>Corruption is a serious problem which has many negative impacts on sustainable economic development globally. The clandestine nature of corruption makes it difficult to detect. Hence, efforts to combat corruption successfully demand comprehensive anti-corruption legislation, strong powers, as well as special investigative techniques and strategies. An effective anti-corruption regime requires a comprehensive anti-corruption legal framework which not only punishes all forms of corruption but also capacitates anti-corruption institutions. A strong anti-corruption agency is a&nbsp / crucial requirement and a necessary part of a country&rsquo / s anti-corruption strategy. The failure or the success of an anti-corruption agency depends on a variety of factors, such as powers and means to detect, investigate and prosecute corruption and related offences. The lack of trained staff, as well as the lack of adequate material resources, also affects the effectiveness of an anti-corruption agency. The anti-corruption agencies covered by this research are not empowered or resourced sufficiently, which may result in their ineffectiveness. This paper provides a set of recommendations in respect of the powers and strategies needed for a successful anti-corruption agency.</p>

Trafficking in persons is a phenomenon that threatens not only basic human rights but also source, passage and destination countries / therefore, it rightfully draws international attention. Being a global threat, it necessitates cooperation and intervention. The aim of the thesis is to analyze anti-trafficking efforts in Turkey by focusing on a particular international initiative. To this end, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is selected as a case and its activities in Turkey are mentioned with the ultimate goal of questioning its effectiveness in the process of fighting against trafficking in persons. The thesis examines the phenomenon of trafficking in persons with a conceptual analysis by dwelling upon the objectives, function and perspective of the IOM. It concentrates on the IOM, which actively assists the Turkish government in every aspect of migration and in combating human trafficking with a particular focus on trafficking in women through the counter-trafficking program implemented in 2004. The thesis also aims at evaluating whether international and local actors take effective actions that cover both the prevention and punishment of trafficking in women, and the protection of victims&rsquo / rights. The binding international legal instrument on the subject matter, the UN Trafficking Protocol of 2000, will be referred to and different approaches to the evaluation of the problem will be mentioned so as to present the focal points of the varying goals.

<p>Corruption is a serious problem which has many negative impacts on sustainable economic development globally. The clandestine nature of corruption makes it difficult to detect. Hence, efforts to combat corruption successfully demand comprehensive anti-corruption legislation, strong powers, as well as special investigative techniques and strategies. An effective anti-corruption regime requires a comprehensive anti-corruption legal framework which not only punishes all forms of corruption but also capacitates anti-corruption institutions. A strong anti-corruption agency is a&nbsp / crucial requirement and a necessary part of a country&rsquo / s anti-corruption strategy. The failure or the success of an anti-corruption agency depends on a variety of factors, such as powers and means to detect, investigate and prosecute corruption and related offences. The lack of trained staff, as well as the lack of adequate material resources, also affects the effectiveness of an anti-corruption agency. The anti-corruption agencies covered by this research are not empowered or resourced sufficiently, which may result in their ineffectiveness. This paper provides a set of recommendations in respect of the powers and strategies needed for a successful anti-corruption agency.</p>

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-24T20:20:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA LUCIANA BEZERRA SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2014..pdf: 13547239 bytes, checksum: 71ef7e5e1cb02438b7fec494a412cb0c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T20:20:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA LUCIANA BEZERRA SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2014..pdf: 13547239 bytes, checksum: 71ef7e5e1cb02438b7fec494a412cb0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Capes / A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto da Política de Atenção Básica a Saúde, em especial a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), na taxa de mortalidade infantil nos municípios brasileiros. Trata-se de uma avaliação empírica da eficácia e efetividade da atenção básica, tendo como unidade de análise os municípios que integram o território nacional e as regiões geográficas do país. A variável dependente utilizada nesse estudo foi a taxa de mortalidade infantil; como variáveis explicativas foram utilizados os seguintes indicadores: municípios com ESF em todo período analisado, cobertura vacinai e as condições de saneamento básico. Também foram inseridas as seguintes variáveis de controle: o índice de desenvolvimento humano, o índice de Gini, a taxa de urbanização e a população. Os dados foram coletados junto ao Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD) e do Institulo Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Metodologicamente, dividiu-se os municípios brasileiros em dois grupos, o primeiro refere-se aqueles que receberam as equipes de saúde da família por todo período no Programa. No segundo grupo estão aqueles municípios que nunca haviam recebido tais equipes ou que receberam e sofreram interrupções. Nesse último grupo, verifícou-se que em média a taxa de mortalidade infantil era maior em torno de 10%. As regiões Nordeste e Sudeste estão entre as regiões que possuem o maior número de municípios que não sofreram oscilações no tempo de adesão ao programa, hoje denominada ESF; consequentemente, essas regiões apresentaram as menores taxa de mortalidade infantil (percentuais menores que a média nacional - 18,62). No modelo inferencial, verificou-se que de fato há significância estatística, apontando para uma relação de causalidade negativa entre ESF e taxa de mortalidade infantil. Sendo assim, os resultados obtidos sugerem que quanto maior o acesso a atenção básica menor a mortalidade infantil. A presente pesquisa configura-se em um dos poucos trabalhos realizados sobre a realidade dos municípios brasileiros e regiões geográficas do país que trazem de forma pioneira evidências sobre o impacto da atenção básica na taxa de mortalidade infantil. / The research was carried out to evaluate the impact of Primary Health Care Policy, in particular the Family Health Strategy, the rate of infant mortality in Brazilian municipalities. This is an empirical evaluation of the efficacy and effectiveness of primary care, with the unit of analysis, the municipalities of the country and geographical regions. The dependent variable used in this study was the infant mortality rate; municipalities with family health strategy throughout the period analyzed, vaccination coverage and sanitation conditions: as explanatory variables the following indicators were used. The following control variables were also entered: the human development index, the Gini index, the rate of urbanization and population. Data were collected from the Department of the Unified Health System, United Nations Program for Development and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Methodologically, we divided the municipalities into two groups, the first refers to those who received the family health teams throughout the program period. The second group are those municipalities that had never received such teams or have received and suffered outages. In this latter group, it was found that on average the rate of infant mortality was higher at around 10%. The Northeast and Southeast regions are among the regions with the highest number of municipalities that did not undergo oscillations in the time of joining the program, now called family health strategy; Therefore, these regions showed the lowest infant mortality rate (lower than the national average percentage - 18.62). In the inferential model, it was found that there is indeed statistically signifícant, pointing to a negative causal relationship between family health strategy and infant mortality rate. Thus, the results suggest that the greater access to primary care to lower infant mortality. This study sets up on one of the few studies about the reality of Brazilian municipalities and geographical áreas of the country that bring a pioneer in evidence on the impact of primary care on infant mortality.

A tese dedica-se ao estudo comparado sobre as mudanças na dinâmica federativa ocorrida no Brasil e Argentina com os governos de centro-esquerda, a partir da análise dos desenhos de formulação e implementação de programas de combate à pobreza e assistência social. Sustenta-se que novas formas de coordenação federativa surgem com esses governos, na medida em que os mesmos priorizam tais políticas sociais como parte estratégica dos seus projetos de desenvolvimento. Recuam assim ao modelo focalizado e descentralizador adotado nas décadas anteriores. Do ponto de vista teórico, se por um lado se considera a influência das trajetórias institucionais federativas prévias, forjadas em cada país, nos desenhos mais centralizados e descentralizados de formulação e implementação de políticas públicas, a tese defendida é que tais estruturas foram afetadas por os processos econômicos e políticos globais considerando a condição de periferia dos países latino-americanos. Em termos metodológicos, foram reconstruídas e comparadas as trajetórias federativas dos dois países em um longo percurso histórico, buscando entender as diferenças e similitudes nesse processo. Para análise das mudanças no período recente, foram observados os programas de combate à pobreza e assistência social formulados e implementados pelos governos nacionais de Brasil e Argentina em dois períodos históricos: na década de 1990 e nos anos 2000, a fim de identificar as diferenças nos desenhos decisórios e de implementação. Os achados da pesquisa demonstram que houve um processo de maior centralização e coordenação federal dessas políticas em nível nacional. / The thesis is dedicated to the comparative study on the changes in the formulation and implementation of programs of Combating poverty and social assistance. It is argued that new forms of federative coordination arise with these governments, insofar as they prioritize such social policies as a strategic part of their development projects. They revert as a focused and decentralized model adopted in previous sources. The theoretical point of view, the point of view on the influence of the previous federative institutional trajectories, for the projects in each country, the more centralized and decentralized drawings of the formulation and implementation of public policies, Global economic and political processes considering a peripheral condition Of Latin American countries. In methodological terms, they were reconstructed and compared as federative trajectories of two countries in a long historical period, trying to understand how differences and similarities in this process. In order to analyze the changes in the recent period, the programs to combat poverty and social assistance formulated and implemented by the governments of Brazil and Argentina were observed in two periods: in the 1990s and in the 2000s, Decision and implementation design. The research findings demonstrated that there was a process of greater centralization and federal policy coordination at the national level.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2882.pdf: 2104689 bytes, checksum: e994f6e9dbc07f682f916e12f86dc437 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-26 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The present research - Formation of black intellectualls: the experience of educational Advisors to the Black comunnity issues in the State of São Paulo was conducted under the Line Search Social Practices and Educational Processes that is part of Post-Graduate Program in Education at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (PPGE/UFSCar); under the Research Group Social Practices and Educational Processes ; and under Center for Studies Afro-Brazilian (NEAB/UFSCar). The research aims to describe and understand educational processes in social practice to combat racism experienced by Advisors to the Black comunnity issues who were forming themselves as black intellectuals when they performed their duties with the Department of Education in the State of São Paulo in 80´s. The research is anchored in the study of education and ethnic-racial relations in Brazil, as well as theoretical references of the Line Search "Social Practices and Educational Processes". The key concepts of this study are Social Practices in the Educational Process; Black Movement and Education; Tackling racism in education. The deepening of the theoretical concepts are given from studies of Pedagogy and Philosophy of Liberation, particularly those submitted by Paulo Freire and Enrique Dussel. The theory was further from the studies of social movements from the perspective of Alain Touraine and Maria da Glória Gohn; combat racism in education from the studies of Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e Silva and Luiz Alberto Oliveira Gonçalves, which takes the debate on intellectual black. The research investigated the action of the Working Group for Afro-Brazilian Affairs (GTAAB) who worked with the Department of Education of the State of São Paulo between the years 1986 and 1989, and developed policies and educational projects to combat racism. Seeking reveal the processes of formation of Advisors as intellectuals, we chose a position based on Phenomenology. As methodological procedures, the researcher was used to consult the documents, conversations and semi-structured interviews with participants in the research. Interviews were conducted with five persons: four of them were part of the GTAAB and one of them did not participate directly, but has closely followed the activities of this Group. Data analysis indicates an action of the Advisors educational: at the moment that they develop its activities with the Department of Education of the State of São Paulo, they sought articulate knowledge offered by their areas of training with those offered by participation in civil society groups, particularly those dedicated to ethnic-racial issue. To do that, they took positions which may be expressed thus: write together, teach and learn from each other, learn from the adversity, being together and doing together. / A presente pesquisa Formação de intelectuais negros e negras: a experiência de assessores/as educacionais para assuntos da Comunidade Negra no Estado de São Paulo foi realizada no âmbito da Linha de Pesquisa Práticas Sociais e Processos Educativos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (PPGE/UFSCar); do Grupo de Pesquisa Práticas Sociais e Processos Educativos ; e do Núcleo de Estudos Afro-Brasileiros da UFSCar (NEAB/UFSCar). Tem como objetivo geral descrever e compreender processos educativos vivenciados, na prática social de combate ao racismo, por assessores/as educacionais para assuntos da Comunidade Negra que foram formando-se como intelectuais negros/as, junto à Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo nos anos 1980, no exercício de suas funções. Ancora-se em estudos sobre educação e relações étnico-raciais no Brasil, bem como em referências teóricas da linha de pesquisa Práticas Sociais e Processos Educativos . Os conceitos-chave deste estudo são Processos Educativos em Práticas Sociais; Movimento Negro e Educação; Combate ao racismo na educação. O aprofundamento teórico desses conceitos se deu a partir de estudos da Pedagogia e Filosofia da Libertação, particularmente os apresentados por Paulo Freire e Enrique Dussel; dos movimentos sociais na perspectiva de Alain Touraine e Maria da Glória Gohn; combate ao racismo na educação a partir dos estudos de Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e Silva e Luiz Alberto Oliveira Gonçalves, nos quais se toma o debate sobre intelectuais negros/as. A investigação se deu junto ao Grupo de Trabalho para Assuntos Afro-Brasileiros (GTAAB) que atuou junto à Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo entre os anos 1986 e 1989, tendo desenvolvido políticas e projetos educacionais de combate ao racismo. No intuito de desvelar junto a esses assessores seus processos de formação como intelectuais nessa prática, optou-se por uma postura baseada na Fenomenologia. Como procedimentos metodológicos, o pesquisador se utilizou de consultas a documentos, conversas e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os/as participantes da pesquisa. As entrevistas foram realizadas com cinco pessoas: quatro delas fizeram parte do GTAAB e a quinta não participou diretamente, mas acompanhou de perto as atividades desse Grupo. A análise dos dados aponta que esses/as assessores/as educacionais, ao desenvolver suas atividades junto à Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo, buscaram articular conhecimentos oferecidos por suas áreas de formação com os oferecidos por participação em grupos da sociedade civil, particularmente os que se dedicavam à questão étnico-racial. Para isso, eles/as assumiram posturas que podem ser expressas dessa forma: escrever em muitas mãos; ensinar-aprender com o outro; aprender com as adversidades; estar junto; e fazer junto.

A tese dedica-se ao estudo comparado sobre as mudanças na dinâmica federativa ocorrida no Brasil e Argentina com os governos de centro-esquerda, a partir da análise dos desenhos de formulação e implementação de programas de combate à pobreza e assistência social. Sustenta-se que novas formas de coordenação federativa surgem com esses governos, na medida em que os mesmos priorizam tais políticas sociais como parte estratégica dos seus projetos de desenvolvimento. Recuam assim ao modelo focalizado e descentralizador adotado nas décadas anteriores. Do ponto de vista teórico, se por um lado se considera a influência das trajetórias institucionais federativas prévias, forjadas em cada país, nos desenhos mais centralizados e descentralizados de formulação e implementação de políticas públicas, a tese defendida é que tais estruturas foram afetadas por os processos econômicos e políticos globais considerando a condição de periferia dos países latino-americanos. Em termos metodológicos, foram reconstruídas e comparadas as trajetórias federativas dos dois países em um longo percurso histórico, buscando entender as diferenças e similitudes nesse processo. Para análise das mudanças no período recente, foram observados os programas de combate à pobreza e assistência social formulados e implementados pelos governos nacionais de Brasil e Argentina em dois períodos históricos: na década de 1990 e nos anos 2000, a fim de identificar as diferenças nos desenhos decisórios e de implementação. Os achados da pesquisa demonstram que houve um processo de maior centralização e coordenação federal dessas políticas em nível nacional. / The thesis is dedicated to the comparative study on the changes in the formulation and implementation of programs of Combating poverty and social assistance. It is argued that new forms of federative coordination arise with these governments, insofar as they prioritize such social policies as a strategic part of their development projects. They revert as a focused and decentralized model adopted in previous sources. The theoretical point of view, the point of view on the influence of the previous federative institutional trajectories, for the projects in each country, the more centralized and decentralized drawings of the formulation and implementation of public policies, Global economic and political processes considering a peripheral condition Of Latin American countries. In methodological terms, they were reconstructed and compared as federative trajectories of two countries in a long historical period, trying to understand how differences and similarities in this process. In order to analyze the changes in the recent period, the programs to combat poverty and social assistance formulated and implemented by the governments of Brazil and Argentina were observed in two periods: in the 1990s and in the 2000s, Decision and implementation design. The research findings demonstrated that there was a process of greater centralization and federal policy coordination at the national level.

Magister Legum - LLM / Corruption is among the world's devastating social, economic and political problems. It is enormous to the extent that ''not one single country, anywhere in the world, is corruptionfree''. Its effects on the quality of life of billions of people around the world are widely acknowledged. Kofi Annan, former UN Secretary General, in his statement on the adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), proclaimed that: Corruption is an insidious plague that has a wide range of corrosive effects on societies. It undermines democracy and the rule of law, leads to violations of human rights, distorts markets, erodes the quality of life, and allows organised crime, terrorism and other threats to human security to flourish. Corruption takes different forms depending on the time and the social, political and economic circumstances that create avenues for its occurrence. Consequently, scholars construe corruption from different viewpoints. On the one hand, post-colonialists and Marxists perceive corruption as a product of capitalist pursuit of profit and capital accumulation. On the other hand, liberal-rationalists and free-market economists define corruption by looking at its negative effects on development and economic sustainability. The argument is that corruption discourages foreign investment and allows public officials to siphon off resources for their private advantage, thereby defeating the public good. Despite the definitional and ideological differences found in literature, there is an agreement that corruption is a bad thing and should be fought vigorously.

Les États ont déployé d’immenses efforts pour la mise en place d’un système efficace de coopération internationale et régionale pour lutter contre le terrorisme. Cependant, sur le plan international la coopération s’appuie sur des conventions sectorielles visant à réprimer certains actes graves tels ceux portant atteinte à l’aviation civile. Sur le plan régional, la convention européenne relative à la répression du terrorisme, la décision-cadre sur la lutte contre le terrorisme ainsi que la convention arabe sur la lutte contre le terrorisme comportent la majeure partie des mesures prises en matière de lutte conter le terrorisme. La France, historiquement concernée par le terrorisme, et le Maroc pour lequel le phénomène est nouveau, ont vu dans la lutte contre le terrorisme un moyen de renforcer leur corpus juridique déjà existant. Ainsi en matière de lutte contre le terrorisme, les deux législateurs ont soit emprunté des infractions au droit commun, soit créé d’autres qui sont nouvelles. Toutefois, la lutte juridique contre le terrorisme ne peut atteindre ses objectifs sans que les causes quien constituent le socle fertile soient éradiquées d’abord. / States deployed huge efforts in order to set up an efficient international and regional cooperation system to combat terrorism. However, international cooperation is based on sectorial conventions treating just certain grave acts such as those constituting a threat to civil aviation. Regionally, the European convention on the suppression of terrorism, the framework decision on combating terrorism and the Arab convention against terrorism include the major part of the measures taken in the context of the fight against terrorism. France, historically concerned with terrorism, and Moroccoto whom the phenomenon is new, have considered the fight against terrorism as a means to reinforce their judicial corpus already set up. So, aiming to combat terrorism the two legislators have either borrowed existing offences from the common law, or created new offences. However, judicial fight against terrorism can’t reach its objectives without first eradicating causes that constitute a fertile terrain for it.