Videoconferencing is one of the most common telepresence methods today and educational videos is rising in popularity among distance learners. Traditional videoconferencing is unable to convey gestures and mutual eye contact between participants. This study aim to propose a Virtual Reality telepresence solution using game engines. A literature study confirmed the effectiveness achieved in VR is comparable to the effectiveness in face-to-face meetings. The suggested solution implements whiteboard functionality from a real-life perspective, confirming it is possible to include new functionality and directly transfer old functionality to the VR system from the communication systems today. The system was evaluated based on the response time, packet loss, bandwidth, frame rate and through user tests. The evaluation shows it is possible to design a telepresence system with VR capable of passing the Turing Test for Telepresence. The participants of the user tests did not experience discomfort and they were positively inclined to the telepresence system. Though, discomfort may emerge if the VR character is used with a common office workstation. Future studies in this topic would involve modifications of the third person camera, making the head's rotation follow the direction of the camera view and implementing movable eye pupils on the VR character using the upcoming eye-tracking accessory.

Abstrakt Bakgrund: Årligen uppstår vårdskador inom sjukvården till följd av kommunikationsbrister mellan personal. För att minska risken att dessa uppstår i samband med överrapportering har kommunikationsverktyg etablerats, ett av dessa är SBAR som står för situation, bakgrund, aktuell bedömning och rekommendation. Den postoperativa överrapporteringen anses vara ett kritiskt moment och införandet av ett standardiserat sätt att kommunicera på har visats sig reducera vårdskador och dödlighet, ge en förbättring av kvaliteten på rapporten med färre informationsmissar samt förbättrar lagarbetet. Syfte: Att beskriva intensivvårds- och anestesisjuksköterskors erfarenheter av postoperativ överrapportering med kommunikationsverktyget SBAR. Metod: En intervjustudie med kvalitativt deduktiv ansats genomfördes. Resultat: SBAR beskrevs som bästa praxis för postoperativ överrapportering samt som ett viktigt verktyg för att kunna garantera säker och effektiv kommunikation. SBAR ansågs ge en bra struktur och även skapa en gemensam förförståelse för postoperativ överrapportering. Deltagare beskrev dåligt lagarbete och undermålig arbetsmiljö som ytterligare hinder för patientsäker vård. Slutsats: Deltagare i studien hade goda erfarenheter av att använda SBAR och de tyckte att SBAR påverkade patientsäkerheten positivt, men önskade mer konsekvent användande av SBAR vid postoperativ överrapportering. / Abstract Background: Adverse events happen yearly within healthcare due to poor communication between health care personnel. To decrease the risk of these adverse events occurring during postoperative handover communication tools such as SBAR (situation, background, assessment, request) has been introduced. Postoperative handover is considered a critical moment during patient care and the introduction of a standardised way of communicating has shown to reduce adverse events and mortality, in addition to improving both the quality of the postoperative handover and the teamwork. Aim: To describe intensive care nurses’ and nurse anesthetists’ experiences of postoperative handover using the communication tool SBAR. Method: A qualitative interview study with a deductive approach was conducted.  Results: SBAR was described as best practice for postoperative handover and an important tool to ensure safe and effective communication. SBAR was thought to create a good structure and a shared mental model for postoperative handover. Participants described subpar teamwork and poor working conditions as further complications to providing safe care. Conclusion: Participants in the study had good experiences of using SBAR and thought it had a positive effect on patient safety but wished for a more consistent use of SBAR during postoperative handover.

Individer i samhället bär ansvaret för att bevara en hållbar konsumtion och göra bättre val somfrämjar naturens resurser. Detta kan fördelaktigt nås genom köp av produkter som är bättre förmiljön. Det är dock viktigt att företagen som säljer dessa, tydliggör de miljömässigabudskapen till kunderna. Att marknadsföra varor på internet kan anses vara effektivt för att nåut till en stor mängd. En låg reklameffektivitet kan dock påverka verksamhetensförsäljningsintäkter och företaget bör därför beakta hur digital marknadsföring kan användaspå ett effektivt sätt.Utifrån tidigare forskning har brister identifierats, gällande avgörande aspekter i sambandmed marknadsföring av miljövänliga produkter på internet. Studien syftar således till attbesvara och öka förståelsen kring vilka marknadsföringsaspekter som kan vara avgörande, närett företag marknadsför sina miljövänliga produkter med internet somkommunikationsverktyg. Genom en kvalitativ metod har en fallstudie genomförts på ettsvenskt företag som säljer miljövänliga shoppingkassar, vilka marknadsförs genom internet.Två semistrukturerade intervjuer har utförts med företagets grundare, vilket utgör studiensempiriska material. Med utgångspunkt från befintliga teorier om bland annat miljövänligaprodukter, miljöinriktad marknadsföring samt internet som kommunikationsverktyg, har detsammanställda intervjumaterialet sedan analyserats.Utifrån studiens analys har fem avgörande marknadsföringsaspekter med anknytning tillmiljövänliga produkter på internet, identifierats. Resultaten visar att en hemsida spelar enavgörande roll när företaget har svårt att marknadsföra sina miljövänliga produkter på andraelektroniska sätt. Likaså utgör en inriktning på specifika målgrupper med enmiljömedvetenhet eller andra köpbeteenden i åtanke, en avgörande aspekt. Resultaten visaräven att företaget bör använda ett lättsamt, sanningsenligt och varierat budskap vidmarknadsföring av varor som kännetecknar en miljöförbättring av befintliga produkter.Slutligen utgör förhållandet till miljökrav och regler som framhävs på internet, en avgörandemarknadsföringsaspekt.Studien har bidragit till en ökad förståelse kring avgörande marknadsföringsaspekter isamband med miljövänliga produkter på internet. Vidare forskning bör förslagsvis studeraliknande företag, för att göra en jämförelse av resultaten. / Individuals in society are responsible for a sustainable consumption and making choices thatpromote the use of eco-friendly resources. This can be achieved through the purchasing ofenvironmentally friendly products. However, it is important that the companies clearly statethe environmental message to their customers. Marketing on the internet could be seen as agood way to reach the mass market, but the low advertising efficiency may impact revenue.Therefore, companies should consider how to best utilize digital marketing.Based on previous research, flaws have been identified regarding essential aspects ofmarketing green products on the internet. The purpose of this study is therefore to answer andincrease the understanding about which marketing aspects that can be crucial when acompany markets their eco-friendly products, using the internet as a communication tool. Byusing a qualitative method, a case study was performed at a Swedish company that sellsenvironmentally friendly shopping-bags which are marketed on the internet. Two semistructuredinterviews with the company’s founders comprise the empirical material of thisstudy. The compiled interview material has then been analysed using existing theories on thesubject as a starting point.Based on the analysis, five crucial marketing aspects of eco-friendly products on theinternet have been identified. The results show that a web page is a decisive factor when thecompany has trouble marketing their environmentally friendly products in other electronicways. They go on to show that targeted groups, with an environmental awareness or otherpurchase behaviour in mind, is another crucial aspect. Further, the company should use alight-hearted, honest and varied message in marketing of existing products signifying apositive change in eco-friendliness. Finally, adhering to environmental rules and regulationsand emphasizing this on the internet is essential.This study has contributed to an increased understanding of the vital aspects of marketingenvironmentally friendly products on the internet. Further research might study similarcompanies to compare the results.

The purpose of this study is to explore patients’ experiences and preferences concerning communication with primary care, as well as their attitude towards a future digital system to manage communication. The Swedish county councils and municipalities (SKL) is developing a new digital tool as a complement in the communication between patients and physicians, thus this research is a preliminary investigation of a larger approach. The research has been based on 20 semi-structured interviews with patients in ages between 21 and 86 from 13 different health care centers in Sweden. The interviews indicate that the communication between patients and physicians needs development in numerous ways and that the system used by the primary care contributes to negative outcomes in the communication. Patients’ attitudes towards a new digital system to manage communication were investigated and a majority was positive. The study’s results pointed out the importance of the physicians’ attitudes in the physician-patient communication, and brought some possible improvements to be done in the actual primary care system; as for example implementing new communication channels to allow an easier contact of patients with their health care center. The new communication tool was overall well received and even appeared to be a suitable solution for some of the problems discovered along the patients’ journey. The overall results obtained are positive and promising towards its implementation in Sweden.

Syfte: Genom att förbättra kommunikationen och effektiviteten i produktionen på en arbetsplats kan stora besparingar göras. Målet med examensarbetet är därför att undersöka hur Dalux Field påverkar produktionen på en byggarbetsplats genom att besvara (1) Hur påverkar användningen av Dalux Field kommunkationen i produktionen på en byggarbetsplats? och (2) Hur påverkar användningen av Dalux Field effektiviteten i produktionen på en byggarbetsplats? Metod: Arbetet innefattar en litteraturstudie samt en fallstudie med intervjuer på NCC:s byggarbetsplats D1 Ryhov i Jönköping. Fyra Arbetsledare har intervjuats varav två använder programvaran och två inte gör det. Utöver dessa intervjuas tre ledande montörer som aktivt använder sig utav programvaran. Litteraturstudien används för att bekräfta eller motsäga den insamlade empirin. Resultat: Dalux Field minskar kommunikationen på byggarbetsplatsen då arbetsledaren och den ledande montören har tillgång till modellen ute på arbetsplatsen. Vid eventuella kollisioner kan beslut tas direkt eftersom att de kringliggande installationerna är synliga i modellen. Detta ökar i sin tur effektiviteten eftersom att mindre stopp förekommer i produktionen. Eftersom en byggnads olika objekt består av en stor del information används med fördel Dalux Field som ett komplement då all denna information inte kan redovisas på en 2D-ritning. Vidare anser respondenterna att Dalux Field med fördel även används som ett visuellt komplement för att ge en helhetsbild av slutprodukten. Konsekvenser: Vid bevarandet av frågeställningarna drogs slutsatserna att användandet av Dalux Field effektiviserar kommunikationen som i sin tur effektiviserar byggproduktionen. För att förbättra verktyget ytterligare rekommenderas funktioner som mätverktyg och höjdsättning att ses över. Om Dalux Field ska utnyttjas till sin fulla potential krävs även att samtliga parter på byggarbetsplatsen har tillgång till och använder programmet. Begränsningar: På referensprojektet användes i första hand en intern plattform som kommunikationsverktyg. Resultatets giltighet hade stärkts om Dalux Field används primärt på helt byggarbetsplatsen. Eftersom NCC är ett stort företag inom byggsektorn med stora projekt, resurser och tillgångar är en generalisering med hela byggbranschen vag. Resultatet går att generalisera med liknande stora byggföretag med liknande projektstorlek, resurser och tillgångar. Nyckelord: Byggnads Informations Modellering, Kommunikationsverktyg, Byggproduktion, Informationsöverföring, Kollisionshantering, Effektivitet, Kommunikation, Dalux Field. / Purpose: By improving the communication and the efficiency in construction site production large savings may emerge. The main intentions with this thesis are therefore to examine whether how Dalux Field affects the production phase in construction by answering (1) How the use of Dalux Field affects the communication in the production on a construction site? and (2) How the use of Dalux Field affects the efficiency in the production on a construction site? Method: The work includes a literature study and a case study with interviews on NCC:s construction site D1 Ryhov in Jönköping. Four foremen have been interviewed whereof two use the software and two did not. Beyond these, three leading installers who actively use the software have been interviewed. The literature study was used to either confirm or contradict the collected data. Findings: Dalux Field reduces the communication on a construction site since the foreman and the leading installer have access to the model on site. In the event of a collision, decisions can be made instantly because the surrounding installations are visible in the model. This increases the efficiency, since smaller stops occur in production. Since a building’s various objects consists of a great deal of information Dalux Field is advantageously used as a supplement since all this information cannot be reported on a 2D drawing. Furthermore, the respondents consider that Dalux Field is also advantageously used as a visual supplement to give a complete picture of the end product. Implications: When answering the questions at hand, the conclusions were that the use of Dalux Field makes the communication more effective, which in turn makes the production phase in construction more efficient. In order to further improve the tool, features such as the measuring tool and height recommended to be reviewed. If Dalux Field is to be utilized to its full potential, it is also required that all parties in the construction phase have access to and use the program. Limitations: On the reference project an internal platform for communication is used primarily. The validity of the result would be strengthened if Dalux Field was the primary communication tool. Since NCC is a big company in the sector with a big number of projects, resources and assets, a generalization with the whole sector is not possible. The result can be generalized with equal building companies with similar projects, resources and assets. Keywords: Building Information Modeling, Communication tool, Construction production, information transfer, collision, efficiency, communication, Dalux Field.

Bakgrund: Bristande kommunikation mellan vårdpersonal är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till de skador och avvikelserapporter som årligen uppstår inom hälso- och sjukvården. Vid ett överrapporteringstillfälle finns risk att information missförstås eller att information inte överlämnas vilket därmed kan äventyra patientsäkerheten och en god vård. Eftersom användandet av kommunikationsverktyg förespråkas fanns det skäl att beskriva betydelsen av kommunikationsverktyg vid överrapportering. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva betydelsen av att använda kommunikationsverktyg vid överrapportering från anestesipersonal till postoperativ avdelning. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med kvantitativ ansats användes. Sökningarna genomfördes i två vetenskapliga databaser, Cinahl och Pubmed. Totalt elva artiklar identifierades och data extraherades genom en dataextraktionsmall. Resultat: Resultatet sammanfattas i tre kategorier; förändrad tid för överrapportering, minskad informationsförlust och förändringar i teamet. Genom användandet av kommunikationsverktyg ökade eller minskade tiden för överrapportering. Informationsförlusten minskade då det blev minskat antal fel, lättare att komma ihåg detaljer samt antalet mellanhänder minskade. Förändringar i teamet kunde ses utifrån att användandet av kommunikationsverktyg skapade förutsättningar för ett förbättrat samarbete i teamet samtidigt som det fanns en del svårigheter med rutinförändringar i samband med introduktionen av ett kommunikationsverktyg. Slutsats: Resultatet visar på flertalet fördelar med användandet av kommunikationsverktyg men även utmaningar i det. Vidare forskning inom området behövs för att utvärdera kommunikationsverktygets inverkan på patientens säkerhet. / Background: Lack of communication between healthcare professionals is one of the most common causes of the injuries and deviation reports that occur annually in the healthcare system. In the event of a handover, there is a risk that information will be misunderstood or that information will not be submitted, which may compromise patient safety. Because the use of communication tools is advocated, there was reason to describe the importance of communication tools in handover. Purpose: The purpose was to describe the importance of using communication tools in handover from anesthetic staff to post-operative department. Methods: A systematic literature review with quantitative approach was used. Searches were conducted in Cinahl and Pubmed. A total of eleven articles were identified and data extracted by an extraction template. Results: The result is summarized in three categories; changed time for over-reporting, reduced information loss and changes in the team. The use of communication tools increased or decreased the time for over-reporting. The information loss decreased as the number of errors decreased, the details were easier to remember and the number of intermediaries decreased. Changes in the team could be seen from the view that the use of communication tools created the conditions for improved collaboration in the team, while there were some difficulties with routine changes in connection with the introduction of a communication tool. Conclusion: The result shows the many advantages of using communication tools but also challenges in it. Further research in the field is needed to evaluate the impact of the communication tool on the patient's safety.

Le portrait équestre se définit comme le portrait d’une personne figurée à cheval hors narration.La thèse propose d’identifier et de commenter les raisons, les moyens et les finalités des cent vingt-huit portraits équestres du corpus, réalisés par des artistes italiens entre 1229 et 1511. L’analyse de l’histoire et du concept du portrait équestre italien de la fin du Moyen Age au début de la Renaissance s’articule en deux grandes parties. La première partie présente et décrit les portraits du corpus, en fonction des objets qu’ils constituent et de leurs spécificités matérielles.La seconde partie traite de leur analyse iconographique. Ces effigies qui représentent des détenteurs du commandement militaire constituent un type spécifique de portrait officiel, qui se distingue par la présence fondatrice du cheval. Caractérisé par une forte empreinte martiale, entre le début du XIIIe et le début du XVIe siècle, le portrait équestre se trouve au coeur du choc des imaginaires politiques qui anime la Péninsule. Outil d’affirmation et d’authentification du pouvoir, ce type de portrait officiel est utilisé comme instrument de légitimation, voire de propagande. / Equestrian portraits are defined as the portrait of an individual shown on horseback without any context. The dissertation proposes to identify and comment on the reasons for methods of creation and uses of the 128 equestrian portraits in the corpus of such depictions created by Italian artists between 1229 and 1511. The history and concept of Italian equestrian portraits from the end of the Medieval period to the beginning of the Renaissance are analyzed in two major sections. The first presents and describes the portraits in the corpus on the basis of object type and their specific material characteristics. The second is an iconographic analysis. These effigies which represent military commanders constitute a specific type of official portrait, which is differentiated by the fundamental presence of the horse. Typified by a strong martial imprint,between the beginning of the 13th and the beginning of the 16th century, equestrian portraits are at the heart of the conflict among political imaginations that enlivened the Peninsula at that time. A tool for the affirmation and validation of power, equestrian portraits are used as an instrument of legitimation, even of propaganda.

This diploma thesis deals with the matter of internal communication methods from the point of view of today's young generation, so called generation Y. It aims on the enterprise social networks. The thesis is divided into the two common parts: the theory and the research. In the theoretical part there is a brief introduction into the field of internal communication; and the communication methods are put into the process of Communication. Further the specific methods for internal communication are introduced. The segment of enterprise social networks as a new way within the internal communication is introduced further mote. The research is connected to the theoretical part and focuses on the position of the generation Y to their potential usage of enterprise social media in internal communication within a certain company. This research is in compliance with the proposed strategy.

Background: Meeting the prosthetists needs, and barriers is important to successful implement evidence into practice. Thus, several implementation methods have been initiated, the authors saw a need to create a Communication Tool based on evidence from transfemoral socket designs, to ease the process of assisting prosthetists in facilitating evidential reasoning.   Aim: To investigate if a Communication Tool can facilitate the usage of evidence into practice by assisting the clinical decision making.  Method: The study is divided into two parts. First the development of the Communication Tool, which is based on the Knowledge to Action model plus an update of studies from a systematic review by Brodie et al.2021. The second part consists of a qualitative pilot-study using semi-structured synchronously interviews to collect data from two Danish working prosthetists. For the analysis a conventional content analysis with an inductive approach was used.  Findings: Findings from the analysis of the interviews compiled eight categories and twenty-five sub-categories covering three key themes identified during the creation of the Communication Tool: Barriers, internal usability, and external usability of the Communication Tool.   Conclusion: The Communication Tool showed to be an effective method to assist and facilitate evidence-based reasonings. The participants found the tool to be useful and appraised positively regarding communicating relevant content an easy to navigate in. Minor improvements are needed, which are related to the quality assessment system and the system of reference as well as some linguistic formulations.

This thesis investigates the applications and implications of Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) technology in international entrepreneurship. The research questions focus on how GPT can serve as a strategic tool, communication tool, and knowledge leverage tool, and how these applications influence decision-making, enhance performance, The findings from the analysis chapters highlights that GPT significantly contributes to strategic planning, market analysis, and operational management, thereby enhancing decision-making and performance. GPT technology, acting as a potent communication tool, nurtures more robust client relationships and eases cross-cultural interactions, courtesy of its superior language processing capabilities. The thesis discusses how these capabilities of GPT can lead to reduced miscommunications and enhanced client satisfaction. This, in turn, contributes to cost savings by retaining existing customers and attracting new ones, thereby enhancing profits. Moreover, The main theoretical implications that this  thesis has resulted in will showcase the time efficiency brought by automated, high-quality communication that reduces man-hours spent on routine interactions, freeing resources for strategic tasks for international entrepreneurship.  Furthermore, this study enriches the literature on generative AI exemplified by models like GPT in the world of international business, particularly within the context of international entrepreneurship. It offers essential insights that can guide international entrepreneurs in understanding the potential advantages of integrating GPT technology into their business operations.