L’émergence d’un contexte concurrentiel fort entre les destinations amène les offices de tourisme à se démarquer pour gagner leur place de dispositifs communicationnels d’informations touristiques. Ce mémoire de thèse défend l’idée que les stratégies spatio-communicationnelles mises en œuvre au sein des offices de tourisme équipés d’outils numériques jouent un rôle déterminant sur les pratiques des conseillers en séjour. Ces stratégies mettent en scène dans l’espace les quatre composants fondamentaux d’un office de tourisme : le territoire, le savoir, la relation aux usagers et les outils numériques. L’étude de ces composants et de leur organisation dans l’espace, selon une approche qui se place du côté de la production, fait ressortir trois types idéaux de stratégies spatio-communicationnelles : la séduction, la promotion et la revendication d’identité. Enfin, les analyses des pratiques des conseillers en séjour (à partir de leur observation et d’entretiens rétrospectifs) démontrent une mutation des métiers liée à ces stratégies : les pratiques des conseillers, induites par l’espace, les transforment alors en ambassadeurs du territoire auprès des usagers, en experts de l’offre touristique, ou encore en médiateurs numériques. Dès lors, l’énonciation spatiale désigne l’ensemble des tactiques ou stratégies élaborées à partir de relations spatialisées qui conditionnent la communication. / The emergence of a strong competitive environment between destinations compels tourist offices to stand out from one another so as to carry out their role of tourist information communication agencies. The present thesis argues that the spatio-communicational strategies implemented with digital equipment by tourist offices have a major impact on counselors’ guidelines for a trip. These strategies reproduce spatially the four basic components of a tourist office: territory, knowledge, customer relation, and digital tools. The study of these components and their spatial translation, especially in regard to their production, highlights three ideal types of spatio-communicational strategies: enticement, promotion and the claiming of identity. Lastly, the analysis of counsellors’ practices induced by space (as evidenced by their observations and retrospective testimonies) reveals a mutation of mission statements: influenced by spatial factors, counselors turn into ambassadors of the territory, experts of tourist happenings, or even digital mediators in their dealings with customers. Therefore, spatial enunciation has referred to all the possible techniques and strategies derived from spatialized relationships affecting communication.

This diploma thesis deals with issue of communication campaigns planning in the environment of Czech non-profit organisations sector which is characterized by specific approach to communication and quite limited financial resources. Theoretical part of the thesis analyses problematic of marketing and creation of marketing mix. It is also focuses on description of communication mix itself and all of his elements. In conclusion, theoretical part describes Czech non-profit sector and specifics of communication which need to be followed. The second part of the thesis focuses on the case of Prague Student Summit Project, its history and how the project is being implemented. It also defines main competitors and their possible influence on the project itself. The third and final part consists of strategic situational analysis and analysis of current communication mix. SWOT analysis, based on synthesis of strategic situational analysis and current communication mix analysis, then results in proposal of the new communication strategy which could be used by the project organizers in the future.

[pt] A pesquisa trata da inserção do ilustrador no mercado editorial de maneira alternativa ao sistema hegemônico de produção. Tem como objeto de estudo a ilustração ficcional literária e visa a produção de livros de imagem em escala local, de maneira sustentável, como resistência à indústria massificada, dando, assim, autonomia a autores fora do eixo hegemônico. É uma aplicação prática do conceito de sustentabilidade comunicacional, na observação da produção de conteúdo, tendo a cultura popular como recorte e a manifestação Bate-Bola como estudo de caso. / [en] The research deals with the insertion of the illustrator in the publishing market as an alternative to the hegemonic production system. Its object of study is fictional literary illustration and aims to produce picture books on a local scale, in a sustainable way, as a resistance to mass industry, thus giving autonomy to authors outside the hegemonic axis. It is a practical application of the concept of communicational sustainability, in the observation of content production, having popular culture as a cutout and the Bate-Bola demonstration as a case study.

Au croisement de l’anthropologie médicale, de la communication, du design industriel et des nouvelles technologies de l’information, ce mémoire se penche sur les difficultés communicatives rencontrées par le personnel médical et les patients de provenances culturelles variées dans le milieu des urgences hospitalières à Montréal. Dans l’optique d’améliorer l’échange au poste de triage, la réflexion porte principalement sur la pertinence et les caractéristiques d’un support visuel d’appoint. Elle aborde la problématique par l’étude des concepts de perception, de compréhension, d’interprétation et de représentation graphique sous les angles théoriques de la communication visuelle (Benjamin, Berger, Dibi-Huberman), de la sémiologie du discours social (Verón) et du jeu herméneutique (Gadamer). Les systèmes symboliques de cent cinquante images, illustrant sur Internet trois symptômes propres à la gastro-entérite, ont été analysés d’après une méthodologie mixte quantitative et qualitative afin d’identifier leurs sens dénotatifs et connotatifs. Les résultats appuient le recours à des images pour contourner les barrières langagières et révèlent l’existence d’une culture médicale visuelle internationale dont le code iconographique est hybride et pluriculturel. Ces nouvelles informations indiquent des critères de performance et des hypothèses concernant les changements occasionnés par l’ajout d’un support visuel dans la dynamique communicationnelle de l’ETC. La recherche ouvre aussi une piste vers l’étude herméneutique du produit en design industriel. / At the crossroads of anthropology, communicational and technology approach, this dissertation aims to provide a vision of the emergency room where cultural differences between the medical staff and the patients confront themselves creating communicational difficulties. To overcome the linguistic barriers, a visual support is considered as an alternative solution. In this way, the problematic is seen through the concepts of perception, comprehension, interpretation and graphic representation witch are examined by the visual culture, semiotic and hermeneutic theories. The symbolic systems of 150 images illustrating three gastro-enteritis symptoms have been analyzed following a quantitative and qualitative methodology in order to reveal their denotative and connotative significations. The results showed the existence of a new visual culture that presents a hybrid and pluricultural iconographic code. Based on these findings, new hypothesis concerning the impact of a visual support on the communicational dynamic could be proposed.

This thesis deals with the communication ability of children living in institutional upbringing facilities. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The first part of the thesis, which was created on the basis of perusing technical and specialized literature, provides a theoretical insight into the problematic of communication, speech and language. It also discusses the development of speech, communication abilities of pre-school children and their development. Last chapter of this thesis deals with substitutional child care, its definition. Practical part is devoted to qualitative research, whose main objective is to analyze the communication ability of children living in institutional upbringing facilities. The research was conducted in children's home and in Klokanek, a facility for children requiring immediate help. The research sample consisted of eight children, four of them living in children's home, four of them living in Klokanek. The research shows that in the investigated children appear difficulties in communication skills. As a conclusion a recommendation for practice was created. Governess in the childrens's home and Klokanek should have more opportunities to develop communication abilities of children. KEYWORDS communicational ability, institutional upbringing...

Nombre de « scandales éthiques » ont émaillé l’actualité de la recherche clinique dans les pays du Sud. Face à ce constat, il semble que les principes fondateurs de l’éthique de la recherche biomédicale admis et promulgués par les déclarations et les conférences de consensus internationales ne suffisent pas à protéger au Sud les volontaires participant à des essais cliniques. Nécessitant une adaptation hors du contexte qui a permis leur consolidation, bien que soit donné à voir à chaque nouveau scandale à quel point tout infléchissement des cadres normatifs peut être porteur de dérives inadmissibles, ces principes s’avèrent pour partie remis en question par la situation économique, sanitaire, sociétale des pays du Sud.Le concept de « double standard éthique » décrivant le double écueil auquel l’éthique de la recherche doit faire face, celle-ci s’avère captive d’une forme d’impérialisme des principes et des valeurs ou bien vouée au relativisme moral. La première alternative semble devoir conduire inexorablement à l’arrêt des recherches cliniques dans les pays ne permettant pas l’application stricte des normes qui les encadrent au Nord. La deuxième semble quant à elle mener à l’acceptation d’une réalisation irresponsable,dérégulée, d’essais cliniques aux finalités variables. Face à ce constat, se pose la question de savoir si cette alternative entre absolutisation de la norme et dérégulation peut être dépassée afin de penser une éthique de la recherche au Sud à la fois universelle et singulière.L’exploration de cette question permettra de redéfinir l’éthique comme processus de discussion et de priorisation des principes universels guidé par une compréhension de situations toujours singulières. De ce point de vue, l’adaptation des « conceptions internationalistes » de l’éthique de la recherche à la singularité des contextes apparaîtra non comme une nécessité externe, provoquée par un élément extérieur,mais comme un devoir inhérent à la nature même de la visée éthique. Plus encore, les questions posées par les contextes des pays du Sud à l’éthique de la recherche clinique serviront de révélateur en contribuant à montrer le bien fondé d’une remise encause des interprétations normatives de ses principes, au Nord y compris.7 / Number of “ethical scandals” have punctuated the news of clinical research in developing countries. Given this fact, it seems that the founding principles of the ethics’ biomedical research accepted and promulgated by declarations and international conferences are not enough to protect the volunteers participating in clinical trials in South’s countries. Out of context enabling their strengthening, ethical principles require adaptation. If each new scandal shows how any shift in regulatory frameworks may carry unacceptable abuses, these principles are nevertheless found challenged by South’s economic, state of health and social organizations. The concept of “double standard ethics” describes the twin dangers to which the biomedical research ethics faces. Indeed, biomedical research is captive to a form of imperialism of principles and values, or devoted to moral relativism. The first alternative seems to lead inexorably to the cessation of clinical research in developing countries do not allow the strict application of the standards that govern the North. The second appears to lead to the acceptance of irresponsible and unregulated clinical trials.Given this situation, the question arises whether this alternative may be exceeded in order to assume a research ethics in the South at once universal and unique. The exploration of this issue will redefine ethics as a process of discussion and priorization of universal principles guided by an understanding of situations always singular. From this point of view, the adaptation of “internationalist conceptions” of research ethics to unique contexts appear not as an external necessity but as a duty inherent in the nature of the ethical aim. Moreover, questions asked by the contexts of the South’s countries to the ethics’ clinical research will serve as a contributing developer to show the merits of a challenge to normative interpretations of its principles, including in North’s countries.

In cyberculture, the unidirectionality given to mass media, is the place for network multidirectionality, reconfiguring the logic of the communication system. In Distance Education (EaD), the multiple interactive interfaces available on the internet, such as e-mail, forum, chat, WhatsApp and virtual learning environment (AVA), provide the interaction and interactivity of the subjects, fundamental conditions for a process communication with the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In this perspective, this study has as general objective: to investigate how the use of interactive interfaces by teachers, tutors and students, can contribute in the communicational processes of the chemistry EaD course. The theoretical framework is supported mainly by Primo (2005, 2011) studies on interactions and their interactions and interactions: participation-intervention, bidirectionality-hybridization and potentiality-interchangeability, Mattar (2012), which discusses the types of interactions between the subjects, Leite (2011, 2015) and Vasconcelos (2015, 2017) on the pedagogical use of interactive interfaces. This is a research with a qualitative approach and bias in a case study. Data were collected through a semistructured interview and questionnaire, as well as consultation with the pedagogical project of the course and other documents. The results show that: little emphasis is given in the pedagogical project to the interactions that can be established between the subjects with ICT use, however, the planning of the disciplines suggests the use of different interfaces; AVA and WhatsApp stand out as interfaces most used in the course, the latter being characteristic of learning with ubiquitous mobility; few interfaces are incorporated into the virtual environment and with limited use; there is mutual interaction between the subjects and relationships based on the binomials of interactivity; the relationships established between teachers, tutors and students are in line with what is expected for this type of education, since they recognize the need to contemplate cyberculture in the teaching-learning process. / Na cibercultura, a unidirecionalidade conferida às mídias de massa, sede lugar para a multidirecionalidade em rede, reconfigurando a lógica do sistema de comunicação. Na Educação a Distância (EaD), as múltiplas interfaces interativas disponíveis na internet, a exemplo de e-mail, fórum, chat, WhatsApp e ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA), propiciam a interação e interatividade dos sujeitos, condições fundamentais para um processo comunicacional dialógico com uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC). Nesta perspectiva, este estudo tem como objetivo geral: investigar como o uso de interfaces interativas por professores, tutores e alunos, pode contribuir nos processos comunicacionais do curso de Química EaD. O referencial teórico é apoiado principalmente nos estudos de Primo (2005, 2011), no que tange as interações mútua e reativa, Silva (2010, 2012), sobre interatividade e seus binômios: participação-intervenção, bidirecionalidade-hibridação e potencialidade-permutabilidade, Mattar (2012), que discute os tipos de interações entre os sujeitos, Leite (2011, 2015) e Vasconcelos (2015, 2017) sobre o uso pedagógico das interfaces interativas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa e viés em estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e questionário, além da consulta ao projeto pedagógico do curso e outros documentos. Os resultados evidenciam que: é pouca a ênfase dada no projeto pedagógico às interações que podem ser estabelecidas entre os sujeitos com uso das TIC, porém, o planejamento das disciplinas sugere o uso de diferentes interfaces; AVA e WhatsApp se destacam como interfaces mais utilizadas no curso, sendo este último, característico de aprendizagem com mobilidade ubíqua; poucas interfaces estão incorporadas ao ambiente virtual e com utilização limitada; ocorre interação mútua entre os sujeitos e relações fundamentadas nos binômios da interatividade; as relações estabelecidas entre professores, tutores e alunos vão ao encontro do que se espera para essa modalidade de educação, pois reconhecem a necessidade de contemplar a cibercultura no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. / São Cristóvão, SE

Envisageant le réseau social d’entreprise comme un dispositif info-communicationnel hybride, cette thèse vise à saisir les différents discours qui le traversent, dans une position critique du modèle managérial qui est supposé mener à son intégration dans les organisations. Ce dispositif étant situé dans un contexte professionnel, la recherche menée réinterroge également la notion d’activité à l’aune de la représentation du réseau social d’entreprise en tant que nouvel outil collaboratif et de gestion des connaissances. Afin d’observer et de comprendre les interactions qui ont cours entre les différents éléments de ce dispositif, une méthodologie plurielle, essentiellement qualitative, a été mise en place. Celle-ci a permis de recueillir, examiner et rapprocher à la fois des publications, des entretiens (individuels et collectif) et des écrits d’écran, par une analyse discursive et sémiotique. Car l’une des particularités de ce dispositif est qu’il semble véhiculer un certain nombre de contradictions, voire provoquer des paradoxes pragmatiques, du fait notamment que son principal mécanisme repose sur une visibilité permanente / Considering the enterprise social network as an hybrid info-communicational apparatus, this thesis aims to capture the different discourses that cross it, in a critical position of the managerial model that is supposed to lead to its integration into organizations. As this apparatus is located in a professional context, the research also reinterprets the notion of activity in the light of the representation of the enterprise social network as a new collaborative and knowledge management tool. In order to observe and understand the interactions that take place between the various elements of this apparatus, a plural methodology, essentially qualitative, has been put in place. This enabled to collect, examine and reconcile at the same time publications, interviews (individual and collective) and screen writings, by a discursive and semiotic analysis. Because one of the peculiarities of this apparatus is that it seems to convey a certain number of contradictions, even to cause pragmatic paradoxes, in particular because its principal mechanism rests on a permanent visibility.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:16:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 COS - Sylvia Ribeiro Fernandes.pdf: 6266877 bytes, checksum: 12ec35b5233367f4984d6e02fab4552d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-24 / This thesis intends to demonstrate that the artistic work and the creator are part of a communicational process. They are produced as from a language directed to the other and are signs to be interpreted, in constant circulation in the culture. The psychoanalysis theoretical reference, of freudian and Lacanian approach, is used, as well as operators of a theory of artistic creation of peircean semiotic basis, based in the studies of genetic criticism and process criticism. The relationship between the psychoanalysis and the artistic communication is fundamentally marked by the analysis of the unconscious implications in the content of the artistic works, in the creator and in the esthetical effect on the other. This thesis displaces the analysis from the work to the creative process and its relationship with the constitution of the subjectivity. The poetic projects of two contemporary Brazilian plastic artists, Norma Grinberg and Sergio Fingermann, are analyzed as from the communications made by the artists themselves on their creation process in texts in the printed media. What is shown is that these artists poetic project is built as from the desire marks, constituted by the language; it is also shown that the work and the subject are built in a processual and joint way, as from a permanent communication process which holds what is made language and the incommunicable / Esta tese pretende demonstrar que a obra artística e o sujeito criador fazem parte de um processo comunicacional, tanto por se produzirem a partir de uma linguagem dirigida ao outro, como por serem eles próprios signos a serem interpretados, em constante circulação na cultura. Utiliza-se o referencial teórico da psicanálise, de abordagem freudiana e lacaniana, e operadores de uma teoria da criação artística de base semiótica peirceana, sustentada nos estudos da crítica genética e da crítica de processo. A relação entre psicanálise e comunicação artística é fundamentalmente marcada pela análise das implicações inconscientes no conteúdo das obras artísticas, no criador e no efeito estético sobre o outro. Esta tese desloca a análise da obra para a do processo criativo e sua relação com a constituição da subjetividade. São analisados os projetos poéticos de dois artistas plásticos contemporâneos brasileiros: Norma Grinberg e Sergio Fingermann, a partir de comunicações feitas pelos próprios artistas sobre seus processos de criação em textos da mídia impressa. O que se mostra é que o projeto poético destes artistas se constrói a partir de marcas do desejo, constituídas pela linguagem e que a obra e o sujeito se constroem de forma processual e conjunta, a partir de um processo de comunicação permanente que comporta o que se faz linguagem e o incomunicável

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gizela Maria Bodi.pdf: 1032398 bytes, checksum: bd4ee49c317d436e6b6fac01c760a6b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-19 / This research has the scope of analyzing the informal work, very common in the current Brazilian scenario, into the current social insurance system, starting from the communicative conception of law. Indeed, the informality of employment relationship proves to be a major challenge for contemporary states, notably in the social insurance sphere, in which the exercise of paid work, by itself, is insufficient to the membership and to the consequent social protection of the members from this category. Considering that the informal work corresponds to the activity performed outside of the statutory rule, the chosen method of study was the logical and systematic examination, starting from the premise that the law is a system of communication, operationalized through verbal written language, as proposed by Paulo de Barros Carvalho. Thus, based on the idea of autopoiesis of law, in which law creates its own reality, separated and more restrictive than social reality, we seek to examine critically whether there is indeed dialogical interaction between the social insurance system and the social one, which echoes on the incidence of social insurance laws, especially the membership rule. Based on these premises, after examining the differential systems of low-income insured and the individual microentrepreneurs recent mechanisms of social insurance inclusion we will set out proposals to overcoming informality in the legal framework, considering not only a change on the evidence paradigm of gainful activity, but also an structural reformulation of the social insurance system, which is caused today on formal worker protection, based on the contingency risk of the activity. This circumstance leads also to reflection on the need of a new social pact in the country / A presente pesquisa tem por escopo a análise do trabalho informal, tão presente no cenário brasileiro atual, frente o sistema de previdência social em vigor, partindo-se da concepção comunicacional do Direito. Com efeito, a informalidade das relações de trabalho revela-se um dos principais desafios para os Estados Contemporâneos, notadamente na esfera previdenciária, em que o desempenho de atividade remunerada, por si só, é insuficiente à filiação e consequente proteção social dos integrantes dessa categoria. Considerando-se que o trabalho informal, em linhas gerais, corresponde à atividade desenvolvida à margem da regulamentação legal, foi eleito como método de estudo o exame lógico-sistemático do tema, partindo-se da premissa de que o Direito é um sistema comunicacional, somente se operacionalizando através da linguagem verbal escrita, tal como proposto por Paulo de Barros Carvalho. Assim, pautando-se na ideia de autopoiese do Direito, segundo a qual este cria a sua própria realidade, distinta e mais restrita que a social, busca-se analisar de forma crítica se há, efetivamente, interação dialógica entre os sistemas previdenciário e o social, o que repercute, em última análise, na incidência das normas jurídicas previdenciárias, especialmente a de filiação. Com base em tais premissas, após examinado o regime diferenciado dos segurados baixa renda e o especial dos microempreendedores individuais (MEI) - mecanismos recentes de inclusão previdenciária -, serão formuladas propostas de superação da informalidade, no âmbito jurídico, o que leva em conta não apenas a alteração dos meios de prova da atividade remunerada, mas também eventual reformulação estrutural do sistema de previdência social que, hoje, é voltado à proteção do trabalhador, com base no risco de contingência social da atividade desenvolvida. Tal circunstância leva, ainda, à reflexão sobre a necessidade de um novo pacto social no país