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Dominerande kroppsideal är föränderliga över tid och kopplas till samhällets normer, attityder och kultur. Det ideal som dominerats längst är det kvinnliga smalhetsidealet och det manliga muskulösa kroppsidealet. Idag sprids bilden av den ”perfekta” kroppen snabbare än någonsin tidigare och genom media nås allt fler. Ungdomar är en särskilt känslig målgrupp för exponeringen av kroppsideal. Det åtråvärda kroppsidealen är idag kopplade till en ökad psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar där symtomen är bland annat; depression, ångest och ätstörningar. Som ett resultat av en förändrad attityd i samhället har ett nytt fenomen blivit allt vanligare. Fenomenet är bilder som visar upp kroppar som varierar i storlek och utseende. Även några företag har börjat använda sig av denna nya företeelse, för att göra upp med ouppnåeliga kroppsideal. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka gymnasieelevers åsikter om det nya fenomenet, för att undersöka om det möjligen kan användas som en hälsofrämjande insatts. En nätbaserad enkätstudie genomfördes där 28 gymnasieelever svarade. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av svarspersonerna hade en positiv attityd till bilder av ”vardagliga kroppar”. Studien visade slutligen att media kan användas som arena för att sända ut hälsofrämjande budskap. Resultatet visade även vikten av att avsändarna för budskapet kodar budskapet meningsfullt och presenterar det på ett sådant sätt så att målgruppen kan ta till sig budskapet. / Dominating body ideal is changing over time and are related to community’s norms, attitudes and culture. The ideal that dominated longest for females is slenderness ideal and for the males, the muscular body ideal. Today spreads the image of the "perfect" body faster than ever before and through the media reaches out to more people. Young adolescents are a particularly vulnerable target group for the exposure of dominating body ideal. The normative body ideals is now linked to the increasing of mental illness among young people whose symptoms include; depression, anxiety and eating disorders. As a result of a change of attitude in society, a new phenomenon has become gradually common. The phenomenon is pictures that shows up bodies that varies in size and appearance. Although some companies have begun to make use of this new phenomenon, to make up with unattainable body ideals. The aim of the study was to explore high school students' opinions about the new phenomenon, to investigate whether it can possibly be used as a health-insert. A web-based questionnaire study was conducted in which 28 high school students responded. The results showed that the majority of the respondents had a positive attitude to images of "everyday bodies." The study last showed that the media can be used as an arena to send out health promotion messages. The result also showed the importance of the senders of the message encodes the message meaningful and presents it in a way so that the intended audience can understand the health message.

近年社群網站Facebook成為品牌宣傳的新渠道，不同地域、年齡、社會階層或消費水準的人都可以不受實體店面的侷限，透過朋友的分享輕鬆接觸到各時尚精品品牌的資訊。於是精品品牌如何在社群人際間的傳遞過程掌握其品牌形象，還有後續構成的品牌效果是本研究欲探討的重點。 本研究以自我一致性、社會比較的角度切入，輔以平衡理論的觀點進一步檢視消費者觀看社群媒體中的朋友分享貼文是否受到品牌、朋友時尚形象與理想自我一致性高低程度不同而影響其品牌態度與購買意願。 本研究以實驗法進行，研究結果如下： 一、消費者在Facebook動態中看到時尚品牌的朋友品牌分享貼文後，品牌形象與消費者理想自我一致高會比一致低，產生更正面的品牌態度，但對購買意願無顯著影響。 二、知覺品質中介「品牌形象與理想自我一致性」對品牌態度的影響; 但對購買意願無中介效果。 三、 「朋友時尚形象與理想自我形象一致性」高低並不會影響品牌與消費者理想自我形象一致性高低對品牌態度。

Social comparison influences well-being, especially during psychological threat. Social comparison outcomes have been theorized to depend on motivation, frequency, contrast versus identification, with a better- versus worse-off other. To reduce this complexity in the theory, 94 senior-housing residents were interviewed and cluster analysis was conducted. Four clusters emerged. Half the interviewees formed a cluster using only adaptive social comparison methods. Adaptives were contrasted with a cluster of indiscriminate comparers, a cluster striving for improvement, and a cluster of participants disagreeing with most questions. Clusters differed especially in patterns of downward identification, upward and downward contrast. Self-evaluation and uncertainty-reduction also differed between clusters; self-enhancement and self-improvement motivations did not. Cluster membership had no direct effect on well-being, but moderation analysis demonstrated threat-buffering of high neuroticism in the adaptive cluster. The benefits were not due to self-esteem or educational level. By separating individuals rather than behaviors, cluster analysis provides a fresh perspective.

Social comparison influences well-being, especially during psychological threat. Social comparison outcomes have been theorized to depend on motivation, frequency, contrast versus identification, with a better- versus worse-off other. To reduce this complexity in the theory, 94 senior-housing residents were interviewed and cluster analysis was conducted. Four clusters emerged. Half the interviewees formed a cluster using only adaptive social comparison methods. Adaptives were contrasted with a cluster of indiscriminate comparers, a cluster striving for improvement, and a cluster of participants disagreeing with most questions. Clusters differed especially in patterns of downward identification, upward and downward contrast. Self-evaluation and uncertainty-reduction also differed between clusters; self-enhancement and self-improvement motivations did not. Cluster membership had no direct effect on well-being, but moderation analysis demonstrated threat-buffering of high neuroticism in the adaptive cluster. The benefits were not due to self-esteem or educational level. By separating individuals rather than behaviors, cluster analysis provides a fresh perspective.

Syfte  Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur media påverkar 15-åringars hälsa och välbefinnande. Genom att söka kunskap om de mediala påverkansprocesserna, syftar denna specifika fallstudie till att skapa en bättre förståelse genom följande tre forskningsfrågor:  Frågeställningar 1.     Vilken är den främsta källan där ungdomarna hämtar och erhåller hälsorelaterad information?  2.     Hur påverkar den tillgängliga informationen om hälsa på sociala medier ungdomarnas kroppsuppfattning? 3.     Vilka andra faktorer påverkar ungdomarna till att vara hälsosamma? Metod Studien utgår främst från den kvalitativa forskningsansatsen där semistrukturerade intervjuer har legat till grund för datainsamlingen. En kvantitativ enkät har använts för att samla data om respondenternas konsumtion av sociala medier. Respondenterna har valts utifrån ett bekvämlighetsurval och de medverkande är åtta tjejer och åtta killar som går i årskurs nio inom norra Stockholmsområdet. Analys av empiri har inledningsvis förberetts genom kodningsanalys för att senare belysas med hjälp av meningstolkning. Som teoretiskt ramverk för analys har författarna tagit utgångspunkt i socialkonstruktivistiska teorin, genusteorin, samt teorin om social jämförelse.     Resultat Ungdomarna hämtar hälsobaserad information från fyra olika källor: sociala medier/internet, skolan, hemmet samt i samband med fritidsaktiviteter. Den mediala påverkan är påtaglig och ungdomarna jämför sig med som de som är relevanta för dem, utifrån den individualistiska livsstilen. Tjejerna tenderar att jämföra sig mer än killarna på sociala medier. Killarna ägnar mindre tid än tjejerna på sociala medier. Studien har identifierat tre kategorier kring vad som motiverar ungdomarna till att vara hälsosamma: välmående, motivation och slutligen investeringsvärde. / Aim This study aims to investigate how media influences 15-year old’s health, and well-being. By seeking knowledge into the media influencing processes, this specific case study aims to create a better understanding through the following three research questions: Research questions 1.     What is the primary source of information for these young people to obtain and receive health-related information? 2.     How does the available information on health on social media affect these young people's body image? 3.     What other factors influence these young people to be healthy? Method The study is based on the qualitative research approach where semi-structured interviews have formed the basis for the data collection. A quantitative survey has been used to collect data on respondents’ social media consumption. The respondents have been selected based on a convenience sample, and the participants are ninth-grade students, eight girls, and eight boys, within the northern Stockholm area. Analysis of empirical data has initially been prepared by coding analysis to be elucidated later with the help of interpretation of meaning. The authors have utilized the social constructivism theory, the gender theory, and the social comparison theory as the theoretical framework for analysis. Result The adolescents retrieve health-based information from four different sources: social media/internet, school, home, and in connection with leisure activities. The media influence is palpable, and the youth’s compare themselves with those they find relevant, based on the individualistic lifestyle. Girls tend to compare themselves more than boys on social media. The boys spend less time than the girls on social media. Further, this study has identified three categories of what motivates these adolescents to be healthy: well-being, motivation, and finally, investment value.

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This paper will dive into the topic of fitspiration on SNS and the effects it has on people’s subjective well-being. Fitspiration is a common type of content that is widely spread across multiple platforms, especially on Instagram. This content is often posted by fit people that share content regarding exercising or diets. Previous research has demonstrated that people have an inner desire to compare themselves to others on SNS which might have effects on people’s well-being. Therefore, this paper aims to find out how users perceive fitspiration on SNS as well as the perceived influence it has on their subjective well-being when comparing themselves to others. By using a qualitative approach where focus groups were conducted, empirical data was collected which could provide a deep understanding of the topic. The findings could conclude that fitspiration was perceived as unrealistic and exposing users to body ideals and unachievable perfection. Regarding effects on the user's subjective well-being, fitspiration has both positive and negative outcomes. The positive outcomes were especially associated with inspiration, while the negative effects were predominantly related to body image and self-esteem. The reason why they would be affected negatively or positively, would depend on to whom they would compare, how they were feeling at that specific time or if they would compare their appearance or their performance. Future research could look at different types and features of fitspiration content, how people engage with it and why, to see if it would affect user’s perceived well-being in different ways. Moreover, this paper confirms that fitspiration might promote negative experiences for users, why future studies could investigate how these experiences could be prevented or decreased.