Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur begreppet mångfald i relation till värdegrundsarbetet tolkas och praktiseras i olika förskoleverksamheter. Målgruppen har varit verksamma förskollärare inom samma kommun utan några krav på erfarenhet eller ålder. Undersökningen är tänkt att skapa diskussioner kring värdegrundsarbetet. Undersökningens resultat grundar sig på åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer där förskollärare har beskrivit sin syn på vad mångfald i barngruppen innebär samt hur de arbetar med att synliggöra mångfalden i barngruppen genom värdegrundsarbetet.   Resultatet av vår undersökning visar på att begreppet mångfald i relation till värdegrundsuppdraget är komplext och svårt att definiera. Förskollärarna reflekterar över de effekter som barngruppens mångfald bidrar till, både de positiva men även de utmaningar som kan uppstå med värdegrundsarbetet. En slutsats vi dragit av resultatet är att det krävs medvetenhet och samsyn kring begreppet. För att uppnå detta krävs närvaro, lyhördhet och gemensam reflektion. / The purpose of the study is to examine how the concept of diversity in relation to the values work is interpreted and practiced in different pre-school activities. The target group has been an active preschool teacher in the same municipality without any requirements for experience or age. The survey is intended to create discussions about the values work. The results of the survey are based on eight semi -structured interviews where preschool teachers have described their views on what diversity in the children's group means and how they work to make the diversity of the children's group visible through the values work.   The results of our survey show that the concept of diversity in relation to the work of values is complex and difficult to define. Preschool teachers reflect on the effects of the diversity of children's groups, both positive but also the challenges that may arise from the work of values. One of the conclusions we have drawn from the results are that awareness and consensus are needed on the concept. To achieve this, presence, responsiveness and joint reflection are required.

The gene regulatory network (GRN) controls the expression of genes providing phenotypic traits in living organisms. In particular, transcriptional regulation is essential to life, as it governs all levels of gene products that enable cell survival and numerous cellular functions. However, there is still poor understanding of how shifts in gene regulation alter the underlying evolutionary dynamics and consequently generate evolutionary innovations. By employing Wagner's GRN model, this dissertation investigates how the interplay of simple evolutionary forces (mutation and recombination) with natural selection acting on gene regulatory dynamics can generate major evolutionary innovations. In this dissertation, firstly, I review all currently available research papers using Wagner's GRN model, which is also employed as the computational model used extensively in the remaining chapters. I then describe how Wagner's GRN model and its variants are implemented. Finally, network properties such as stability, robustness and path length in initial populations are investigated. In the first study, I explore the characteristics of compensatory mutation in the context of genetic networks. Specifically, I find that 1) compensatory mutations are relatively insensitive to the size and connectivity of the network, 2) compensatory mutations are more likely to occur in genes at or adjacent to the site of a previous deleterious mutation and 3) compensatory mutations are more likely to be driven by mutations with a relatively large regulatory impact. In the second study, I further investigate the evolutionary consequences of the properties of compensatory mutation discovered previously. Specifically, I find that 1) compensatory mutations can occur regardless of patterns of selection, 2) networks with compensatory mutations exhibit proportionately higher robustness when compensatory mutations interact closely with deleterious mutations or have large effects on gene regulation, and 3) regulatory complexity can arise as a consequence of the propensity for co-localised and large-effect compensatory mutations. In the third study, I provide a mechanistic understanding of how recombination benefits sexual lineages. Specifically, I find that 1) recombination together with selection for developmental stability can drive populations towards the optimum, 2) recombination does not frequently disrupt well-adapted lineages as conventionally expected, and 3) recombination facilitates finding good genetic combinations which are robust to disruption, although it also rapidly purges weaker configurations. In the final study, I show that the selection pressure acting on rewiring gene regulation is critical to increasing benefits for sexual lineages whilst mitigating costs of sex and recombination. Specifically, I find that 1) strong selection strength can greatly benefit low-fitness sexual lineages, especially at the early stage, 2) recombination is initially costly, but it can rapidly evolve to compensate for costs of sex and recombination, and 3) sexual lineages with low levels of sex and recombination can outcompete strictly asexual populations under higher selection pressure and lower mutation rates. The results presented for all of the studies are important for mechanistically understanding evolutionary innovations through altering transcriptional regulatory dynamics. These innovations include 1) facilitating alternative pathway evolution, 2) driving regulatory complexity, 3) benefiting sexual reproduction, and 4) resisting invasion against asexual lineages.

China’s achievement of developing a vigorous market economy is based on Chinese communist party (CCP)’s top-down reform and opening-up policies since 1978. Meanwhile, political reform of the second largest economy in today’s world is continuously delayed. Without an agenda of bringing democracy and regulation-making process into workplaces, China’s state-owned enterprises were swiftly transformed to be profit-oriented economic entities with managerial supremacy. As an authoritarian regime still run by communist party, China has to negotiate with its own socialist tradition, which entails not only restructuring labour relations in workplaces but its national ideology. This study explores Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) politics of labour management in China’s local state sector. With use of multiple qualitative inquiring techniques, the study selects two state-owned corporations located in Shanghai region as cases, and provides an in-depth analysis on Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) politics of managing labour force formulation as well as re-shaping employment relationship within those transitioning SOEs. The study is expected to illuminate the diversity within and across regions and industrial sectors in China. Also, these case studies suggest that CCP adopts pragmatic approaches over labour managing matters so as to ensure its sovereign influence. I will argue that the key to understand SOEs’ management rebuilding is CCP’s governing tradition of co-option and elite selection, which is a prolong legacy that has shaped the party’s personnel managing system since revolutionary era. It is also hoped that the findings of my empirical research will lead to theoretical discussion on China’s path of industrial relations in future: if such dynamic managerialism in the state sector is able to guarantee further delays of workplace political liberalisation of labour relation, or not.

A bound for Betti numbers of sets definable in o-minimal structures is presented. An axiomatic complexity measure is defined, allowing various concrete complexity measures for definable functions to be covered. This includes common concrete measures such as the degree of polynomials, and complexity of Pfaffian functions. A generalisation of the Thom-Milnor Bound [17, 19] for sets defined by the conjunction of equations and non-strict inequalities is presented, in the new context of sets definable in o-minimal structures using the axiomatic complexity measure. Next bounds are produced for sets defined by Boolean combinations of equations and inequalities, through firstly considering sets defined by sign conditions, then using this to produce results for closed sets, and then making use of a construction to approximate any set defined by a Boolean combination of equations and inequalities by a closed set. Lastly, existing results [12] for sets defined using quantifiers on an open or closed set are generalised, using a construction from Gabrielov and Vorobjov [11] to approximate any set by a compact set. This results in a method to find a general bound for any set definable in an o-minimal structure in terms of the axiomatic complexity measure. As a consequence for the first time an upper bound for sub-Pfaffian sets defined by arbitrary formulae with quantifiers is given. This bound is singly exponential if the number of quantifier alternations is fixed.

Internationally, female L2 learners of English are believed to outperform males in all areas including writing. However, in the context of Sweden, the gender gap has been reducing in recent decades. A body of literature focusing on gender differences and syntactic complexity of Swedish high school L2 learners of English using the Uppsala Learner English Corpus (ULEC) has not provided strong evidence to suggest female students outperform male students. Furthermore, the analyses of most of these studies do not take into consideration other important control variables, lack thorough statistical testing and use small datasets. This study uses linear regression analysis to test the hypothesis of whether females outperform males. It uses the ratio of dependent clauses to total clauses (DC/C) as a proxy of syntactic complexity which is estimated using the L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer (L2SCA). A total of 663 essays written by year one and year two senior high school L2 learners taken from the ULEC dataset are used in the analysis. The results clearly reject the hypothesis that females outperform males. An inconclusive yet interesting insight which requires further investigation is some evidence from the results which suggests that males may, in fact, outperform females when programme fixed effects are considered.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:20:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 27 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho pretende desenvolver a idéia de um Direito Eco-Evolutivo baseado em níveis de observação/percepção capazes de possibilitar decisões em conflitos ambientais hipercomplexos. A comunicação ecológica provoca relações de complementaridade, concorrência e antagonismo no seio das instituições jurídicas, promovendo interações de desorganização/reorganização permanentes, similares a de um ecossistema. Através da transposição de categorias originárias da biologia (heterotrofia, parasitismo, mutações), física (termodinâmica) e química (entropia), bem como da utilização de metáforas do Sistema da Arte, linguagem e Semiótica possibilitar-se-á compreensões aprimoradas do fenômeno social no que tange a alta complexidade dos problemas ambientais postos à decisão junto ao Direito. Para tanto, propõem-se a construção de sete níveis de observação, sete tipos de lentes microscópicas, das quais se utilizarão os órgãos jurídicos responsáveis por dirimir/decidir acerca destas situações. Desta forma, busca-se a / The present work intends to develop the idea of an Eco-Evolution Right based on levels of perceptions capable to make possible decisions in Hyper-Complexity ambient conflicts. The ecological communication provokes relations of complementarities, competition and antagonism in the role of the legal institutions, promoting permanent, similar interactions of reorganization of an ecosystem. Through the transposition of originary categories of biology (heterotrophy, parasitism, mutations), physics (thermodynamic) and chemistry (entropy), as well as of the use of metaphors of the System of the Art, language and Semiotics improved understandings of the social phenomenon will be made possible in that it refers to the high complexity of the ambient problems ranks to the together decision to the Right. For in such a way, they consider it construction of seven levels of comment, seven types of microscopically lenses, which will use the responsible legal agencies for decisions about of these situations. Of this form, it p

This thesis examines the theological and practical functioning of American Baptist Women’s Ministries, American Baptist Churches USA, as it has engaged in a “Becoming Beloved Community” initiative. It argues that theological grounding in a vision of Beloved Community is a necessary missing element in transforming the way the organization pursues its mission. Since 2014, the organization has conducted a cultural audit, assessing attitudes and readiness, and it has developed some strategies and tactics as a result. However, without a solid theological grounding and a deeper understanding of what adhering to a vision of beloved community may mean in terms of structure and decision-making processes, these strategies and tactics are less effective than they could be. This thesis draws upon the writings of Howard Thurman and Martin Luther King, Jr., on process theology, and on woman’s liberation theologies to assess current practices in AB Women’s Ministries and provide a more robust theological grounding for the concept of “Becoming Beloved Community.” In constructing the theological grounding, a list of marks of beloved community is developed and used as an evaluative tool for current practices in the organization. Using adaptive leadership theory and complexity leadership theory, the thesis also develops recommendations for the future.

La modalité est un phénomène linguistique qui ne peut pas être défini à partir de critères uniquement sémantiques. Une définition complète de la modalité doit prendre en compte ses propriétés sémantiques, fonctionnelles et structurelles. Dans la présente étude, nous bâtissons d’abord un cadre théorique en nous servant d’une approche onomasiologique, pour ensuite analyser les différentes manières dont les sens modaux peuvent être exprimés en français de façon sémasiologique. Cette analyse s’attarde aussi sur des porteurs de modalité moins étudiés comme les particules modales, les verbes et les connecteurs impliquant le statut factuel ou assertif de la proposition qu’ils introduisent et le rapport entre la structure informationnelle et la modalité. Notre analyse s’appuie sur les corpus Frantext, WebCorp, Wortschatz Leipzig et la collection French Web 2012 de Sketch Engine et comprend plus de douze milliards de mots. Certaines caractéristiques des éléments modaux du français ne peuvent être relevées que lorsqu’ils interagissent avec d’autres éléments modalisant la même proposition. L’étude de ces manifestations complexes de la modalité complète ce portrait de la catégorie sémantico-fonctionnelle de la modalité en français. / Modality is a linguistic phenomenon that cannot be defined in purely semantic terms. A complete definition of modality has to take into account all of its semantic, functional, and structural properties. In the present work, we first build up a theoretic framework based on an onomasiological approach, and then analyze the different ways modal meanings can be expressed in French from a semasiological point of view. This analysis includes the elements most prototypical for the category of modality, such as modal verbs, modal adverbs and mood. Furthermore, it also takes into account less prototypical modal elements, such as modal particles, verbs and connectors implying the factual or assertive status of the proposition they introduce, as well as the relation between information structure and modality. The analysis is based upon the corpora Frantext, WebCorp, Wortschatz Leipzig and the text collection French Web 2012 in Sketch Engine. Certain properties of modal elements in French can only be detected when they interact with other elements modalizing the same proposition. The study of these complex manifestations of modality completes this portrait of the functional-semantic category of modality in contemporary French.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Conhecimento nas Organizacoes - Uma investigacao de seus fundamentos.pdf: 824712 bytes, checksum: 654850c5909a0fde0e229ef95cdb613c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-30 / The objective of the study in hand was to perform an analysis, regarding the Genetic Epistemology perspective of Jean Piaget, of some processes present in companies in the service organizations market. In this way, the work in hand assumes as an initial assumption the definition of knowledge from this perspective, also known as constructivism. Considering the premise adopted, it became evident that it s development was inexorably linked to the understanding of reality through a vision that contains a dialetic form in the knowledge concept proposed by the genetic epistemology. In this, the complex vision was ideal approach to deal with the facilitation of a conception of the organization in line with the definition knowledge of genetic epistemology. In addition to this, the ideas present in both perspetives, demonstrate a distinct convergence, contributing to the enriching of the present study. The complex thinking also allowed distinguish the organization identity as for other phenomenon that should be considered in the examination of knowledge in organization. The empirical study was conducted by way of a multiply case study in service companies. The common aspect in these organization is the fact that all of them possess the same brazilian company as a partner. However, it s important to emphasize that these companies operate in distincts segments facilitating diversity in the processes analysed. The library research was fundamental for the understanding of the principles that orientate empirical study. This study allowed the verification of wide range of processes involved in the creation and transmission of knowledge in an organizations, more important than the contents, is the form in wich the contents are presented. In this way, the indentification, characterization and analysis of the processes at the creation of knowledge in these companies from a complex ant constructivist point of view, can contribute to the adoption of more efective and successful strategies of implementation and maintenance of the constructivist processes as an important competitive factor / O objetivo deste estudo foi o de efetuar uma análise, sob a ótica da epistemologia genética de Jean Piaget, de alguns dos processos existentes em organizações do mercado de serviços. Deste modo, o trabalho assumiu como pressuposto inicial a definição de conhecimento desta perspectiva, também chamada de construtivista. Considerando a premissa adotada, percebeu-se que, para seu desenvolvimento, era indispensável a compreensão da realidade por meio de uma visão que comportasse a dialética intrínseca ao conceito de conhecimento proposto pela epistemologia genética. Assim, o pensamento complexo foi eleito como a abordagem ideal para fornecer uma concepção de organização consonante com a definição de conhecimento da epistemologia genética. Além disso, as idéias de ambas as perspectivas mostraram grande complementaridade, contribuindo para o enriquecimento da análise empreendida. O pensamento complexo também possibilitou distinguir a identidade organizacional como outro fenômeno que deveria ser considerado no exame do conhecimento nas organizações. O estudo empírico foi realizado por meio de um estudo de caso múltiplo, em empresas de serviços. O aspecto comum nestas organizações é o fato de que todas possuem uma mesma empresa brasileira como sócio. No entanto, é importante ressaltar que estas empresas atuam em segmentos distintos, permitindo a diversidade nos processos analisados. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi fundamental para o entendimento dos princípios que orientaram o estudo empírico. Este estudo permitiu verificar que, em diversos dos processos de criação e transmissão de conhecimento em uma organização, mais importante que os conteúdos, é a forma como estes são colocados. Deste modo, a identificação, caracterização e análise dos processos de transmissão e criação de conhecimento nestas companhias, sob um ponto de vista complexo e construtivista, pode contribuir para a adoção de estratégias mais efetivas e bem sucedidas de implementação e perpetuação de processos construtivistas como um importante fator competitivo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueVNeto.pdf: 2503413 bytes, checksum: 5333aef4cb79b9fe5621053ab9de1aba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-17 / The proposal of this dissertation is to identify, to analyze and to reflect the use of the Technologies of the Communication and Information in the processes of organizational communication in the scope of the Theory of the Complexity in order to search, to little in latency, the structural corollaries of technological innovations that, in general way, had still not been analyzed in the ratio and intensity of the general volume of the changes and the material efforts already expensed in it, over all to what refers to aspects of the organizational culture. To base our hypotheses, in we support them in a study of case of implantation of an Intranet, or either, of a corporative vestibule. For in such a way, in we are valid them the some of most consistent studious of the virtual space, as Pierre Lévy and of the thinkers of the Theory of the Complexity while cloth of deep theoretician who could confer to our reflections the enough methodological sustentation in allowing to think the organizations in the difficult framing and dynamics of this moment of mutations and imprevisibility. / A proposta desta dissertação é identificar, analisar e refletir a utilização das Tecnologias da Comunicação e Informação nos processos de comunicação organizacional no âmbito da Teoria da Complexidade de modo a se buscar, ao menos em latência, os corolários estruturais de inovações tecnológicas que, de modo geral, ainda não foram analisadas na proporção e intensidade do caudal geral das mudanças e dos esforços materiais nelas já gastos, sobretudo no que se refere a aspectos da cultura organizacional. Para fundamentar nossas hipóteses, nos apoiamos em um estudo de caso de implantação de uma intranet, ou seja, de um portal corporativo. Para tanto, nos valemos de alguns dos mais consistentes estudiosos do espaço virtual, como Pierre Lévy e dos pensadores da Teoria da Complexidade enquanto pano de fundo teórico que pudesse conferir às nossas reflexões a sustentação metodológica suficiente para nos permitir pensar as organizações no difícil enquadramento e dinâmica deste nosso momento de mutações e imprevisibilidade.