This thesis describes problems 3D computer graphic modeling and design graphic system for use in medicine. Design graphic system was successfully implement for concrete application in stomatology.

This master thesis work was aimed to enhance the designing of robots using cloud technologies. Analytical review of software to design robots, including PDM systems, was made. The specific features of such systems are presented and necessary modules are selected for designing the robot manipulator using CAD and PDM tools. 3D model of industrial robot was created using Semens NX CAD software. All the standards and regulatory documents related to the robotics design were considered. The design sequence of the robot manipulator with reference to standards (GOST 2.103-68 and GOST 19.102-77) is described. The project structure was created with use of Siemens Teamcenter PDM software and cloud technologies. / Данная магистерская диссертация направлена на внедрение технологий проектирования робототехнических систем в облаке. Спроектирован робот манипуляционного типа, создана электронная структура проекта в облаке с использованием программы PDM, проект размещен и организован для дальнейшего развития в облаке.

No description available.

No description available.

Работа посвящена исследованию процесса радиально-сдвиговой прокатки прутков из титанового сплава ВТ22. Выполнен анализ напряженно-деформированного состояния радиально-винтовой прокатки двух заготовок из титанового сплава ВТ22 диаметром 130 мм и 105 мм с использованием программы QForm. Проведены расчеты основных параметров процесса прокатки горячекатаных прутков: назначен режим обжатий, определена частота вращения валков по проходам и временные характеристики процесса, рассчитаны энергосиловые параметры. Выполнены конструкторские расчёты рабочей клети стана винтовой прокатки. / The work is devoted to the study of the process of radial-displacement rolling of rods made of titanium alloy VT22. An analysis of the stress-strain state of radial-displacement rolling of two blanks made of titanium alloy VT22 with a diameter of 130 mm and 105 mm using the QForm program was performed. Calculations of the main parameters of the hot-rolled bars rolling process have been carried out: the compression mode has been assigned, the rotation frequency of the rolls along the passages and the time characteristics of the process have been determined, and the power parameters have been calculated. Design calculations of the working stand of the screw rolling mill have been performed.

Объектом исследования является технологический процесс штамповки детали болт по ГОСТ 7798-70 на предприятии ООО «Арморика». Выполнено исследование влияния температуры нагрева заготовок на технологические факторы штамповки поковок фланца на пресс КГШП, а именно усилие штамповки, анализ напряженно – деформированного состояния штамповки поковки фланца, оценка проработки структуры металла. Выполнена разработка технологического процесса штамповки болта, расчет усилия пресса, компьютерное моделирование процесса горячей объемной штамповки болта с заданной в технологическом процессе температурой, технологичного, анализ влияния нагрева заготовок на технологические факторы, литературный обзор. / The object of the study is the technological process of stamping the bolt part according to GOST 7798-70 at the Armorica LLC enterprise. The study of the effect of the heating temperature of the workpieces on the technological factors of stamping flange forgings on the KGSHP press, namely the punching force, analysis of the stress–strain state of stamping flange forgings, evaluation of the study of the metal structure. The development of the technological process of bolt stamping, calculation of the press force, computer modeling of the process of hot volumetric stamping of a bolt with a temperature set in the technological process, technological, analysis of the effect of heating workpieces on technological factors, a literary review.

Las técnicas ablativas basadas en energía por radiofrecuencia (RF) se emplean con el fin de lograr un calentamiento seguro y localizado en el tejido biológico. En los últimos años ha habido un rápido crecimiento en el número de nuevos procedimientos médicos que hacen uso de dichas técnicas, lo cual ha ido acompañado de la aparición de nuevos diseños de electrodos y protocolos de aplicación de energía. Sin embargo, existen todavía muchas incógnitas sobre el verdadero comportamiento electro-térmico de los aplicadores de energía, así como de la interacción energía-tejido en aplicaciones concretas. El principal propósito de esta Tesis Doctoral es adquirir un mejor conocimiento de los fenómenos eléctricos y térmicos involucrados en los procesos de calentamiento de tejidos biológicos mediante corrientes de RF. Esto permitirá, por un lado, mejorar la eficacia y seguridad de las técnicas actualmente empleadas en la clínica en campos tan diferentes como la cirugía cardiaca, oncológica o dermatológica; y por otro, sugerir mejoras tecnológicas para el diseño de nuevos aplicadores. La Tesis Doctoral combina dos metodologías ampliamente utilizadas en el campo de la Ingeniería Biomédica, como son el modelado computacional (matemático) y la experimentación (ex vivo e in vivo). En cuanto al área cardiaca, la investigación se ha centrado, por una parte, en mejorar la ablación intraoperatoria de la fibrilación auricular por aproximación epicárdica, es decir, susceptible de ser realizada de forma mínimamente invasiva. Para ello, se ha estudiado mediante modelos matemáticos un sistema de medida de la impedancia epicárdica como método de valoración de la cantidad de grasa previo a la ablación. Por otra parte, se ha estudiado cómo mejorar la ablación de la pared ventricular por aproximación endocárdica-endocárdica (septo interventricular) y endocárdica-epicárdica (pared libre del ventrículo). Con este objetivo, se han comparado mediante modelado por computador la eficacia de los modos de ablación bipolar y unipolar en términos de la transmuralidad de la lesión en la pared ventricular. En lo que respecta al área de cirugía oncológica, la investigación se ha centrado en la resección hepática asistida por RF. Las técnicas de calentamiento por RF deberían ser capaces de minimizar el sangrado intraoperatorio y sellar vasos y ductos mediante la creación de una necrosis coagulativa por calentamiento. Si este calentamiento se produce en las cercanías de grandes vasos, existe un problema potencial de daño a la pared de dicho vaso. En este sentido, se ha evaluado con modelos matemáticos y experimentación in vivo si el efecto del flujo de sangre dentro de un gran vaso es capaz de proteger térmicamente su pared cuando se realiza una resección asistida por RF en sus cercanías. Además, se ha realizado un estudio computacional y experimental ex vivo e in vivo del comportamiento electro-térmico de aplicadores de RF bipolares internamente refrigerados, puesto que representan una opción más segura frente a los monopolares en la medida en que las corrientes de RF fluyen casi exclusivamente por el tejido biológico situado entre ambos electrodos. Respecto al área dermatológica, la investigación se ha centrado en mejorar el tratamiento de enfermedades o desórdenes del tejido subcutáneo (tales como lipomatosis, lipedema, enfermedad de Madelung y celulitis) mediante el estudio teórico de la dosimetría correcta en cada caso. Para ello, se han evaluado los efectos eléctricos, térmicos y termo-elásticos de dos estructuras diferentes de tejido subcutáneo durante el calentamiento por RF, y se ha cuantificado el daño térmico producido en ambas estructuras tras dicho calentamiento / González Suárez, A. (2014). Computational Models and Experimentation for Radiofrequency-based Ablative Techniques [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36502

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T18:51:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseEsbel.pdf: 1480858 bytes, checksum: c16438606b97781ccf3a3353c4d9f319 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-28 / Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior / The study of the mechanisms that set off allergic reactions is being a subject of great scientific interest. Anaphylaxis, severe systemic allergic reaction, occupies a prominence place in researches. Different laboratory experiments, in vivo as well as in vitro, and also different mathematical models based on experimental results, tries to investigate if mast cells takes part in those mechanisms or not. However, the obtained results are inconclusive, dividing the scientific community in two groups: one considering that mast cells have a prime role in releasing histamine, and another one which considers that histamine is not the determinative neurotransmitter in the anaphylactic reaction. Previous works proposed differential models to simulate processes related to anaphylactic reactions in the cellular scale for the cell membrane potential generation mechanism. More recently, it has been proposed a probabilistic model, in the tissue scale, to simulate an in vitro antigen response. In the organism level scale, multi-compartimental models have been proposed for the kinetics of histamine in the blood. Nevertheless, no work, until now, has proposed the construction of a model that is able to describe the processes that participate in the mechanism of anaphylactic reaction in different scales. In this work, a model is proposed that integrates the cellular and the tissue scales, allowing to model in vitro experiments, being capable to be extended to the organism scale by the inclusion of the blood flow to model in vivo experiments. The proposed model couples the electric response in the cellular level with the reaction-diffusion of histamine and antigens in the tissue, considering the reaction mechanism mediated by the mast cells. To integrate these two scales, it is proposed here a constitutive relation based on experimental results for the mechanical response (tissue contraction) to electric stimulus. This model allows to design experiments specifically related to the anaphylaxis reaction, indicating the parameters that should be estimated. With this model, numerical simulations have been performed for a wide variation range of the parameters to identify the different domains of the model. A dimensionless parameter based analysis is presented for the obtained results. / O estudo dos mecanismos que desencadeiam as reações alérgicas é um tema de grande interesse científico na atualidade. A anafilaxia, reação alérgica sistêmica severa, tem ocupado um lugar de destaque nas pesquisas. Diferentes experimentos em laboratório, tanto in vivo quanto in vitro, assim como diferentes modelos matemáticos baseados nos resultados experimentais, têm procurado investigar a participação ou não dos mastócitos nesse mecanismo. No entanto, os resultados obtidos não são conclusivos, dividindo a comunidade científica em dois grupos: os que consideram determinante o papel dos mastócitos responsáveis pela liberação de histamina e os que consideram que a histamina não é o neurotransmissor determinante na reação anafilática. Trabalhos anteriores propuseram modelos diferenciais para simular processos relacionados com a reação anafilática na escala celular para o mecanismo de geração de potencial na membrana das células. Mais recentemente foi proposto, a nível de tecido, um modelo probabilístico para simular a resposta in vitro a antígenos. A nível de organismo têm sido propostos modelos de multi compartimentos para a cinética da histamina no fluido sanguíneo. Contudo, nenhum trabalho até o momento abordou a construção de um modelo capaz de descrever os processos que participam no mecanismo de reação anafilática nas diversas escalas. Neste trabalho propomos um modelo que integra as escalas celular e do tecido, que permite modelar experimentos in vitro, e que pode ser estendido para escala do organismo incluindo o fluxo sanguíneo para modelar experimentos in vivo. O modelo proposto integra o mecanismo de resposta elétrica a nível celular com o processo de reação-difusão da histamina e dos antígenos no tecido, considerando o mecanismo de reação mediado por mastócitos. Para integrar as duas escalas propomos uma relação constitutiva baseada em resultados experimentais da resposta mecânica (contração do tecido) a estímulos elétricos. Este modelo permite o desenho de novos experimentos especificamente direcionados ao estudo da reação anafilática, indicando os parâmetros a serem estimados. Utilizando-se o modelo proposto, foram realizadas simulações numéricas para uma ampla faixa de variação dos parâmetros visando identificar domínios com diferentes comportamentos do modelo. Uma análise dos resultados obtidos baseada em parâmetros adimensionais é apresentada.

Using modeling and computer simulation, this research focuses on studying two different views to organizational design and their implications for performance in the context of academic institutions. One view represents the manifest structure that includes resources (students, faculty, administration, facilities, finances, partners, donors, etc.); the other view represents the latent structure that focuses on dissent. The dissertation addresses the following two questions; 1. What are the tangible dynamic interdependencies constituting the manifest structure within academic institutions and their impact on performance? 2. What is the impact of the latent structures composed of intangible organizational processes, especially dissent, on performance? The dissertation proposes generic system dynamics simulation models untangling the complexity of the topic by tackling various slices of the problem in separate papers. The models are based on three different theoretical frameworks addressing resources and their composition, dissent, and stakeholder engagement. It is observed that while both the manifest and the latent parts of the university organization impact its performance, the latent part, being invisible, is often ignored. In the long run, the influence of the latent part of the organization can slowly but seriously compromise intangible performances components like quality, reputation, and attractiveness. When the manifest part of the organization is dysfunctional, its tangible performance rapidly suffers. The damage control policies will often impact the latent organizational performance leading the institution into a vicious cycle. The presence of time delays in this framework may create an oscillatory behavior that might modulate a growth or decline trend. Performance measures addressing intangible performance components must be factored into the organizational design since faculty, students, and other stakeholders are not only driven by financial rewards, but also by the organizational environment. The research, besides addressing the important question of the role of latent elements in organization design and demonstrating this can be done using system dynamics modeling and computer simulation, should also be of value to the design and management of higher education institutions.

La présente thèse porte sur la mise en place d'un cadre théorique (conceptualisation et formalisation), visant à décrire la propagation de l'obésité au sein d'un réseau d'individus, pour parvenir à mettre en place les bonnes politiques de prévention, afin de limiter la diffusion de cette épidémie, dont la contamination est à caractère social. Pour ce faire, j’ai commencé d'abord à mettre en place une analyse approfondie des différents déterminants de l'obésité. Une fois cette étape achevée, j’ai développé un modèle de réseau, dans lequel les relations entre les individus (représentés par les nœuds du réseau) sont régies par des règles permettant d'évaluer la présence/absence de liens selon certaines valeurs d'influence, fonction de la tranche d'âge des nœuds en question et de leur caractère homophilique. Ce modèle, fondé sur la structuration en âges et la démographie, comporte deux processus; le premier permet de décrire l'obésité au niveau individuel, sous forme de compartiments épidémiologiques. Le deuxième, quant à lui, représente le niveau inter-individuel, sous forme de réseau individu-centré. Par la suite, une fois analysé le comportement asymptotique du modèle, j'ai étudié la structure sociale obtenue, pour y repérer les individus les plus influents. Ces derniers seront ceux à cibler dans la politique de prévention. Enfin, pour valider le modèle par des données de terrain, j'ai réalisé une enquête au sein d'un collège tunisien, et j'ai comparé les résultats obtenus par cette dernière avec ceux d'une enquête réalisée dans un collège français. / This thesis deals with the establishment of a theoretical framework (conceptualization and formalization) capable of describing the obesity spread within a network of individuals, in order to achieve the right prevention policies and limit the epidemic spread. To do this, I started by initiating an in-depth analysis of the different obesity determinants. Once this stage completed, I developed a network model in which the relations between the individuals, (represented by the nodes of the network) are governed by rules allowing to evaluate the presence/absence of links according to their values of influence, age of the concerned nodes and their homophilic characteristics. This model, based on the age structure and demography, is constituted by two processes: the first one describes obesity at the individual level, by using epidemiological compartments. The second one describes the inter-individual level by using an individual-based network. Later, when the model reached its asymptotic behavior, I studied the social structure obtained to locate the most important individuals to be targeted in the prevention policy. Eventually, to validate the model with data, I realized an investigation in a Tunisian college and compared the obtained results from this study with those obtained from a French college survey.