Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-12T14:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AyresCON.pdf: 499485 bytes, checksum: 0c2df647d28b9d8ceb099f01d2e2e2e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / The research aimed two objectives: 1st) identifying and describing the metaphors of the inflation, in a corpus of 18 texts of economic journalism, from Joelmir Beting, written in the last trimester of 2002, at the moment of the government s transition of president Fernando Henrique Cardoso to Luiz In?cio Lula Da Silva. 2nd) verifying the recognition of the metaphors by the students of the basic education of a private school from Natal. 91 metaphors had been identified, analyzed in the perspective of the conceptual metaphor s theory, by Lakoff and Johnson (2002), on the basis of the distinction between conceptual metaphor and metaphoric expressions, and between domain-source/domain-target. 10 underlying conceptual metaphors had been inferred, being that the domains-source used more frequently to characterize the inflation had been those ones according to the human being and the animals and, of a less imaginable form, to the ways of transport (car, aircraft). These general conceptual metaphors had been unfolded in other s more specific ones ( animal specifying itself in lion , dragon , dog , etc.). Another result was the identification of metaphoric expressions with two or more meanings , with relation to more than one conceptual metaphor or explicit, in the same expression, two domains-source (for example: armored dragon ) and contributes, of a relevant form, for the semantic struturation of the text. The understanding of the metaphors was verified through an activity of domains-source s identification (10 metaphoric statements and fulfilling of the gap in the phrase the inflation is a/an ) applied in a group of 8th year of the basic education (12-13 years old, with 14 girls and 17 boys) from a school of good social and economic positions from Natal-RN. There weren t great difficulties on the part of the students in recognizing the domains-source involved: about 80% to the great majority of the statements / A pesquisa visou a dois objetivos: 1?) identificar e descrever as met?foras da infla??o, em um corpus de 18 textos de jornalismo econ?mico, de autoria de Joelmir Beting, escritos no ?ltimo trimestre de 2002, no momento da transi??o do governo do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso para o do presidente eleito Luiz In?cio Lula da Silva. 2?) verificar o reconhecimento das met?foras por parte de alunos do ensino fundamental de uma escola particular de Natal. Foram identificadas 91 met?foras, analisadas na perspectiva da teoria da met?fora conceitual, de Lakoff e Johnson (2002), com base na distin??o entre met?fora conceitual / express?es metaf?ricas, e entre dom?nio-fonte / dom?nio-alvo. Foram depreendidas 10 met?foras conceituais subjacentes, sendo que os dom?nios-fonte mais freq?entemente utilizados para caracterizar a infla??o foram aqueles ligados ao ser humano e aos animais e, de forma menos previs?vel, aos meios de transporte (carro, aeronave). Essas met?foras conceituais gerais, foram desdobradas em outras mais espec?ficas ( animal especificando-se em le?o , drag?o , cachorro , etc.). Um outro resultado foi a identifica??o de express?es metaf?ricas poliss?micas , que remetem a mais de uma met?fora conceitual ou explicitam, na mesma express?o, dois dom?nios-fonte (por exemplo: drag?o blindado ) e contribuem, de forma relevante, para a estrutura??o sem?ntica do texto. A compreens?o das met?foras foi verificada atrav?s de uma atividade de identifica??o de dom?nios-fonte (10 enunciados metaf?ricos e preenchimento da lacuna na frase A infla??o ? um/uma... ) aplicada em uma turma de 8? ano do ensino fundamental (12-13 anos de idade, sendo 14 meninas e 17 meninos) de uma escola de classe m?dia-alta de Natal-RN. N?o houve maiores dificuldades por parte dos alunos em reconhecer os dom?nios-fonte envolvidos: em torno de 80% para a grande maioria dos enunciados

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:04:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AyresCON.pdf: 499485 bytes, checksum: 0c2df647d28b9d8ceb099f01d2e2e2e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / The research aimed two objectives: 1st) identifying and describing the metaphors of the inflation, in a corpus of 18 texts of economic journalism, from Joelmir Beting, written in the last trimester of 2002, at the moment of the government s transition of president Fernando Henrique Cardoso to Luiz In?cio Lula Da Silva. 2nd) verifying the recognition of the metaphors by the students of the basic education of a private school from Natal. 91 metaphors had been identified, analyzed in the perspective of the conceptual metaphor s theory, by Lakoff and Johnson (2002), on the basis of the distinction between conceptual metaphor and metaphoric expressions, and between domain-source/domain-target. 10 underlying conceptual metaphors had been inferred, being that the domains-source used more frequently to characterize the inflation had been those ones according to the human being and the animals and, of a less imaginable form, to the ways of transport (car, aircraft). These general conceptual metaphors had been unfolded in other s more specific ones ( animal specifying itself in lion , dragon , dog , etc.). Another result was the identification of metaphoric expressions with two or more meanings , with relation to more than one conceptual metaphor or explicit, in the same expression, two domains-source (for example: armored dragon ) and contributes, of a relevant form, for the semantic struturation of the text. The understanding of the metaphors was verified through an activity of domains-source s identification (10 metaphoric statements and fulfilling of the gap in the phrase the inflation is a/an ) applied in a group of 8th year of the basic education (12-13 years old, with 14 girls and 17 boys) from a school of good social and economic positions from Natal-RN. There weren t great difficulties on the part of the students in recognizing the domains-source involved: about 80% to the great majority of the statements / A pesquisa visou a dois objetivos: 1?) identificar e descrever as met?foras da infla??o, em um corpus de 18 textos de jornalismo econ?mico, de autoria de Joelmir Beting, escritos no ?ltimo trimestre de 2002, no momento da transi??o do governo do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso para o do presidente eleito Luiz In?cio Lula da Silva. 2?) verificar o reconhecimento das met?foras por parte de alunos do ensino fundamental de uma escola particular de Natal. Foram identificadas 91 met?foras, analisadas na perspectiva da teoria da met?fora conceitual, de Lakoff e Johnson (2002), com base na distin??o entre met?fora conceitual / express?es metaf?ricas, e entre dom?nio-fonte / dom?nio-alvo. Foram depreendidas 10 met?foras conceituais subjacentes, sendo que os dom?nios-fonte mais freq?entemente utilizados para caracterizar a infla??o foram aqueles ligados ao ser humano e aos animais e, de forma menos previs?vel, aos meios de transporte (carro, aeronave). Essas met?foras conceituais gerais, foram desdobradas em outras mais espec?ficas ( animal especificando-se em le?o , drag?o , cachorro , etc.). Um outro resultado foi a identifica??o de express?es metaf?ricas poliss?micas , que remetem a mais de uma met?fora conceitual ou explicitam, na mesma express?o, dois dom?nios-fonte (por exemplo: drag?o blindado ) e contribuem, de forma relevante, para a estrutura??o sem?ntica do texto. A compreens?o das met?foras foi verificada atrav?s de uma atividade de identifica??o de dom?nios-fonte (10 enunciados metaf?ricos e preenchimento da lacuna na frase A infla??o ? um/uma... ) aplicada em uma turma de 8? ano do ensino fundamental (12-13 anos de idade, sendo 14 meninas e 17 meninos) de uma escola de classe m?dia-alta de Natal-RN. N?o houve maiores dificuldades por parte dos alunos em reconhecer os dom?nios-fonte envolvidos: em torno de 80% para a grande maioria dos enunciados

Reconhecendo a pluralidade das representações acerca dos relacionamentos amorosos, o presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar o conceito de amor existente em produção impressa, averiguando se há uma forma de relacionar-se privilegiada atualmente por instrumento midiático voltado para a juventude. Para tanto, conta com as contribuições da Linguística Cognitiva, em especial da Teoria da Metáfora Conceptual (Lakoff e Johnson, 1980 e 1999; Kövecses, 2000, 2002 e 2005), estabelecendo um diálogo desta com estudos da Sociologia e da Antropologia (Giddens, 1993; Bauman, 2001, 2004 e 2005; Almeida e Tracy, 2003; Araújo e Castro; 1977; Rezende e Coelho, 2010, entre outros) que têm como foco as emoções e/ou os relacionamentos amorosos. Anteriormente contemplada como mero ornamento da linguagem, a metáfora passa a ser considerada um fenômeno cognitivo, fruto das experiências compartilhadas por um determinado grupo de pessoas. Desse modo, seu estudo possibilita um melhor entendimento sobre os seres humanos e seus sentimentos, e auxilia a enxergar criticamente como grupos sociais enquadram o mundo. No processo de análise das metáforas e dos modos de conceptualização do amor, foram fundamentais os estudos sócio-antropológicos mencionados, os quais permitiram uma visualização mais ampla dos comportamentos amorosos contemporâneos. O corpus foi constituído por artigos da Revista Capricho, selecionados durante doze meses, que trataram sobre relacionamentos amorosos. Nas edições consideradas, as metáforas indicavam, em sua maioria, a conceptualização do amor a partir de um negócio e de uma viagem, confirmando a visão de uma sociedade pautada pelas relações de mercado e utilitarista, assim como o imperativo do movimento ao que os jovens, em especial, encontram-se submetidos. Houve também espaço para outras conceptualizações, nas quais, igualmente, os relacionamentos se mostram fluidos, imediatistas, com validade até o momento em que houver conveniência. Assumir um compromisso significaria abrir mão de um prazer imediato e da liberdade individual em função do outro, um risco muito grande, que não vale a pena a ser corrido diante da incerteza do futuro / Admitting the diversity of representations on loving relationships, this study aims to determine the concept of love that exists in press materials, mainly magazines, checking if there is a kind of relationship privileged nowadays in media projects for youngsters. In order to achieve this, it counts on the contributions of Cognitive Linguistics, particularly the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980 e 1999; Kövecses, 2000, 2002 e 2005), establishing a dialogue with studies of Sociology and Anthropology (Giddens, 1993; Bauman, 2001, 2004 and 2005; Almeida and Tracy, 2003; Araújo and Castro, 1977, Rezende and Coelho, 2010, among others) that focus on the emotions and / or romantic relationships. Previously beheld as a mere ornament of language, metaphor is now considered a cognitive phenomenon, the result of the experiences shared by a certain group of people. Thus, studying this phenomenon provides a better understanding of human beings and their feelings, as well as it helps to perceive critically how social groups frame the world. During the process of the analysis of the metaphors and also the ways of conceptualizing love, the socio-anthropological studies mentioned before were fundamental, allowing a greater visualization of contemporary loving behaviors. The corpus comprises articles from Capricho Magazine. They were selected during a twelve-month period. These articles dealt with love relationships. On the magazine issues considered, this work found out that, in most cases, the metaphors indicated that love was conceptualized as a business and as a trip, confirming the vision of a society ruled by market relations and utilitarianism, as well as the imperative of the movement to which young people are submitted. There was also room for other conceptualizations, which also showed that the relationships are fluid, immediate, and useful until the time it is convenient. Accepting commitment would mean to give up an immediate pleasure and individual freedom for the other and it is not worth the risk due to the uncertainty of the future

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-12-01T14:10:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) carlos rocha.pdf: 1560502 bytes, checksum: 6d76b9f34cd6f1f753e428eb9b48be16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jussara Moore (jussaramoore@id.uff.br) on 2018-01-15T14:27:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) carlos rocha.pdf: 1560502 bytes, checksum: 6d76b9f34cd6f1f753e428eb9b48be16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-15T14:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) carlos rocha.pdf: 1560502 bytes, checksum: 6d76b9f34cd6f1f753e428eb9b48be16 (MD5) / Este trabalho, de um modo geral, aborda a influência que o linguajar bélico, de base metafórica, exerce na linguagem e no comportamento dos envolvidos com o evento esportivo do futebol, dentro e fora dos campos. Tal influência já pode, em diversas ocasiões, ser observada no discurso, através das marcas na linguagem de jogadores, de dirigentes de clubes e federações, de auxiliares e árbitros de futebol e até no comportamento da população e dos governantes de alguns países. Nesta pesquisa, a metáfora é analisada sob o viés da Metáfora Conceptual FUTEBOL É GUERRA, segundo a concepção cognitiva de Lakoff e Johnson (1980[2002]). A metodologia utilizada foi o PIM (Procedimento de Identificação de Metáforas), método científico criado pelos pesquisadores do Grupo PRAGLEJAZZ para a identificação de metáforas em contextos reais de uso, devido ao fato de as intuições dos pesquisadores serem muitas vezes divergentes em relação ao que é ou não uma expressão metafórica. As metáforas linguísticas identificadas por meio deste procedimento foram categorizadas a partir de um refinamento do frame de guerra, principal domínio-fonte evocado no linguajar metafórico do corpus analisado. Os resultados da pesquisa corroboram a hipótese de que o futebol é largamente conceptualizado como guerra e que seria muito difícil falar ou escrever sobre ele sem recorrer a tal conceptualização / This work, in general, addresses the influence that warlike language, of metaphorical basis, exerts on the language and behavior of those involved with the sporting event of football, both inside and outside the fields. Such influence could already be observed in the discourse, through the marks in the language of players, leaders of clubs and federations, auxiliaries and referees of football and even in the behavior of the population and of the rulers of some countries. In this research, the metaphor is analyzed under the bias of the Conceptual Metaphor FOOTBALL IS WAR, according to the cognitive conception of Lakoff and Johnson (1980 [2002]). The methodology used was the PIM (Metaphor Identification Procedure), a scientific method created by PRAGLEJAZZ researchers to identify metaphors in real contexts of use, due to the fact that researchers' intuitions are often divergent in relation to what is or not a metaphorical expression. The linguistic metaphors identified through this procedure were categorized from a refinement of the war frame, the main sourcedomain evoked in the metaphorical language of the analyzed corpus. The results of the research corroborate the hypothesis that football is largely conceptualized as war and that it would be very difficult to speak or write about it without recourse to such a conceptualization

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-04-13T19:44:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese_Rosangela_Saviano.pdf: 631921 bytes, checksum: 06fc5d3a9fc101a24b6c52f4e6fe8c3d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-04-20T15:03:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese_Rosangela_Saviano.pdf: 631921 bytes, checksum: 06fc5d3a9fc101a24b6c52f4e6fe8c3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T15:03:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese_Rosangela_Saviano.pdf: 631921 bytes, checksum: 06fc5d3a9fc101a24b6c52f4e6fe8c3d (MD5) / Universidade Estácio de Sá, Centro de Ciências Humanas e da Educação, Rio de Janeiro, RJ / O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é investigar de que modo a metáfora conceptual, por meio de suas marcas linguísticas, reproduz e, ao mesmo tempo, constrói, cognitiva e discursivamente, determinadas representações ideológicas. Mais especificamente, buscou-se investigar o papel cognitivo-discursivo da metáfora no discurso do ex-presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como foco uma metáfora conceptual particular, ou seja NAÇÃO É FAMÍLIA, e como desdobramento dessa, ESTADO É PAI. Esse cenário sociocognitivo pressupõe os seguintes modelos conceptuais, aqui tratados como frames (FILLMORE, 2006): o Pai Severo, o Pai Educador/Cuidador (LAKOFF, 1996) e, principalmente, como proposto neste estudo, o Pai Provedor/Autoritário. Esse recorte deve-se à importância da metáfora NAÇÃO É FAMÍLIA como motivadora não só de várias marcas linguísticas encontradas no corpus, mas também de todo um enquadramento conceptual que pode determinar uma forma de conduzir o discurso político que marcou e ainda marca a era Lula. O corpus foi constituído por fragmentos de discursos sobre e do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Os discursos sobre Lula foram retirados de livros, jornais, revistas, sites e blogs. Já aqueles produzidos pelo próprio presidente, durante seus dois mandatos, de 2003 até 2010, formam a maior parte do corpus, e foram retirados do website da Biblioteca Virtual da Presidência. Para a identificação das marcas linguísticas metafóricas licenciadas pelas metáforas NAÇÃO É FAMÍLIA e ESTADO É PAI, partimos da noção de “incongruência semântica”, como proposta por Kittay (1989). Para a análise dos frames de PAI, que formam cenários dentro da metáfora conceptual ESTADO É PAI, a análise não se apoiou apenas nas marcas linguísticas metafóricas, uma vez que, para avaliar se estamos tratando de um modelo de PAI SEVERO ou de UM PAI CUIDADOR/EDUCADOR, um olhar mais avaliativo, e portanto, mais interpretativista, fez-se necessário. A pesquisa fundamentou-se nos pressupostos teóricos advindos da Linguística Cognitiva e, principalmente, da Teoria Crítica da Metáfora. Dentre as contribuições deste estudo, encontra-se a pesquisa, organização e apresentação do frame do Pai Provedor/Autoritário, representando Lula como governante na política brasileira, como complemento aos frames do Pai Severo e Pai Educador/Cuidador, oriundos do modelo de família propostos por Lakoff (2002). O frame do PAI Provedor/Autoritário contribui, como um terceiro elemento, para explicar as metáforas da família no cenário da política brasileira / This research aims, at a general level, to investigate how conceptual metaphors, by means of their linguistic markers, reproduce, and at the same time, construct, in a cognitive and discursive way, certain ideological representations. Thus, in this research, the cognitive-discursive role of metaphors is investigated. More particularly, our research focuses on the conceptual metaphor NAÇÃO É FAMÍLIA (NATION IS FAMILY) and its entailment ESTADO É PAI (STATE IS FATHER), This cognitive scenario presupposes the models (frames) of the Strict Father, the Nurturing Father and the Provider/Authoritarian Father. This view is due to the importance of the NATION IS FAMILY metaphor as a motivator, not only of several markers found in the corpus, but also as a conceptual framing that can determine a way to conduct the political discourse which described and still describes the Lula Era. Our corpus was composed by fragments of discourse about and by president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. The speeches about Lula were taken from books, newspapers, magazines, sites and blogs. The ones produced by the president himself, from 2003 to 2010, form the largest part of the corpus and they were taken from the website of Biblioteca Virtual da Presidência. To identify the metaphorical linguistic markers licenced by the two conceptual metaphors, we start from the notion of “semantic incongruence”, as proposed by KITTAY (1989). To analyze the frames of the “FATHER”, which form scenarios within the conceptual metaphor ESTADO É PAI, the analysis did not follow only metaphorical and linguistic markers, but also considered an interpretative look when necessary. The research was based on theoretical presuppositions drawn from Cognitive Linguistics, in particular, the Critical Metaphor Analysis trend. Among the contributions of this research we can point out the proposal of the Provider/Authoritarian Father frame, represented by the president Lula as the political leader of Brazilian politics, complementing the family models proposed by Lakoff (1996). That frame contributes to a new view of Lakoff´s family model as a third element to explain the family metaphors in the Brazilian scenario

[pt] Esta dissertação reflete sobre a identidade da metáfora literária. Toma como base a teoria geral da metáfora inaugurada por George Lakoff e Mark Jonhson na década de 1980 - o que equivale a conceber a metáfora como um princípio cognitivo básico, como um mecanismo estruturador do conhecimento e da experiência que em muito ultrapassa os domínios da literatura. Reconhecendo com Lakoff e Johnson a onipresença do fenômeno metafórico em nossas vidas, interessou-nos refletir sobre o que poderia distinguir a sua manifestação no campo específico da literatura. Tivemos por objetivo central aqui contribuir para o teste de hipóteses cognitivistas levantadas por George Lakoff e Mark Turner, em uma obra especificamente voltada para a manifestação literária da metáfora, a saber, More than cool reason (1989). Analisamos com o aparato teórico e descritivo ali oferecido um conjunto de metáforas presentes em um texto literário específico - o Romance d`A Pedra do Reino e o Príncipe do Sangue do Vai- e- Volta, de Ariano Suassuna. A análise empreendida fala em favor das hipóteses de Lakoff e Turner, para quem a maioria das metáforas literárias resulta de explorações criativas e inusitadas de mapeamentos metafóricos bastante arraigados em nossos sistemas conceptuais - extensões, combinações ou elaborações das metáforas ontológicas, estruturais e orientacionais que governam, em um nível básico e de forma geral, a nossa linguagem, pensamento e ação. / [en] This dissertation analyses the identity of the literary metaphor. It is based in the general Conceptual Theory of Metaphors started by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in the 80`s decade - they set the metaphor as a basic cognitive principle, as a mechanism that structures the knowledge and the experience which goes beyond the literature field. Recognizing along with Lakoff and Johnson the presence of the metaphorical phenomena in our lives, this study interested us to think about what could distinguish the presence of the metaphor specifically in literature. Our central objective here was to contribute to test the cognitive hypothesis showed by George Lakoff and Mark Turner, in a specific book which studies the literary metaphor, More than cool reason (1989). We analyzed a set of metaphors in the Romance d`A Pedra do Reino e o Príncipe do Sangue do Vai-e- Volta, by Ariano Suassuna. This analysis shows that Lakoff and Turner hypothesis, which the generalizations governing poetic metaphorical expressions are not in language, but in thought: they are general mappings across conceptual domains; they are creative extensions of these mappings. As the locus of metaphor is not in language at all, but in the way we conceptualize one mental domain in terms of another. The literary metaphors are extensions, combinations or elaborations of the ontological, structural and orientational metaphors that lead, in a basic level and in a general way, our language, thought and actions.

Idioms are found in every language and learning them is an important aspect of the mastery of a language. The English language is no exception as it contains a large number of idioms, which are extensively used. However, because of their rather rigid structure and quite unpredictable meaning, idioms are often considered difficult to learn. Although little research has been done to date on the nature of idioms as well as how they are used, a better understanding of variations in idioms can nevertheless be acquired by looking at some theories and thoughts about their use and their structure. The aim of this paper is to examine a number of animal idioms, focusing primarily on English idioms and the similarities and differences found in equivalent Swedish idioms, even when the Swedish idioms do not contain an animal. Two types of studies are presented. In the first one, the English and Swedish animal idioms collected are grouped into four categories. The results of such a categorization show that half of the English animal idioms found have an equivalent in Swedish containing an animal. In the second study, the content, structure, wording, semantics and metaphorical meaning of the animal idioms are analysed and compared. The results indicate that the Swedish animal idioms that correspond to the English animal idioms have, for the most part, the same structures and similar variations in degree of literalness, fixity, manipulation and transformation. Furthermore, the use of metaphor, personification and simile appears to be common both in English and Swedish animal idioms. The role of context and literal and figurative translation are also addressed in this study.

Cette thèse, dont l’objet est l’étude des émotions d’un point de vue linguistique, se positionne dans le cadre théorique de la linguistique cognitive. Son objectif principal est d’étudier le processus de lexicalisation et de conceptualisation des émotions, représentées par des mots-clés, dans le contexte littéraire de ce qu’on pourrait appeler « fiction juridique ». La première partie du travail examine les relations interdisciplinaires en jeu dans l’interconnexion entre le langage, la cognition et les émotions. La second partie est consacrée à l’étude lexicographique complexe des mots-clés exprimant des émotions dans le contexte littéraire de quatre romans mettant en scène la justice. Dans une troisième partie, sont mis au jour les « patrons » métaphoriques sous-jacents à la lexicalisation et à la conceptualisation en discours des différentes catégories d’émotions, ce qui permet d’illustrer la dépendance entre le lexique des émotions et ses conceptualisations les plus fortes. Enfin, cette thèse utilise une méthodologie dérivée du logiciel ATLAS.ti qui permet une approche qualitative de l’étude des émotions telles qu’elles sont exprimées en discours. / This thesis is written within the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics and focuses on the ways emotion keywords lexicalize and conceptualize in the language of legal fiction. The first part of the work provides an interdisciplinary discussion about the interconnection between language, cognition, and emotion. This is followed, in a second part, by the complex lexicographical study of five emotion keywords in legal fiction, a genre of texts which has remained overlooked by researchers in the field. The third part brings to light the metaphorical patterns of different types of emotion keywords in order to show how they lexicalize and conceptualize in language, and demonstrate the dependency between the types of emotion keywords and their strongest and weakest conceptualizations. In addition, this thesis offers an application of the software ATLAS.ti, which allows a qualitative approach to the study of emotions as expressed in language.

Cette recherche doctorale a pour objet la présentation une image profonde de la métaphore dans le discours politique du journalisme et indiquer les caractères généraux de la métaphore dans ce type de discours. Pour cet objectif, nous avons choisis d’examiner des articles extraits d’hebdomadaires français et consacrés aux deux conflits entre les États-Unis et l'Irak. Cette recherche décrit les types et les formes de la métaphore utilisée et analyse leurs fonctions en termes de valorisation ou de dévalorisation de l’adversaire politique. De plus, nous tenterons de répondre à des questions telle que : Dans quelle mesure la métaphore a-t-elle été traduite sans être défigurée ? Bien que le cadre global de notre analyse ait une orientation essentiellement cognitiviste, nous avons également tenu compte des développements plus récents de cette théorie qui analysent la métaphore non seulement dans ses dimensions cognitives, mais aussi dans ses dimensions socioculturelles. D’après ces approches, la métaphore reflète les intérêts, l’origine et les caractéristiques de ses utilisateurs et se constitue souvent dans un instrument de persuasion et de maintien du pouvoir et des relations sociales. Ces idées remontent en fait aux représentants de l’analyse critique du discours selon lesquels le langage à la fois reflète et influence la réalité́ sociale. / This doctoral research aims to present a profound image of metaphor in political discourse and to indicate the general characteristics of metaphor in this type of discourse. For this purpose, we have chosen to examine articles extracted from French weeklies devoted to the two conflicts between the United States and Iraq. This research describes the types and forms of the metaphor used and analyzes their functions in terms of valorization or devaluation of the political opponent. In addition, we will attempt to answer questions such as: To what extent has the metaphor been translated without being disfigured? Although the overall framework of our analysis has an essentially cognitivist orientation, we have also taken account of the more recent developments of this theory which analyze the metaphor not only in its cognitive dimensions but also in its socio-cultural dimensions. According to these approaches, the metaphor reflects the interests, origins and characteristics of its users and often constitutes an instrument of persuasion and maintenance of power and social relations. These ideas in fact go back to the representatives of the critical analysis of discourse, according to which language reflects and influences social reality.

This study delves into the ways in which the displaced Palestinian characters in Susan Abulhawa’s Mornings in Jenin (2010) and Randa Abdel-Fattah’s Where the Streets Had a Name (2008) connect to their homeland through embodied metaphors, particularly through the personification of their native lands, which will be read with recourse to Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). By utilizing ecolinguistics as an analytical lens and applying CMT, this study illuminates how both literary works significantly underscore the urgency and cruciality of the human-nature interconnection and interdependence amid tragedy and dispossession. The authors’ use of metaphorical language to personify the land gives rise to the ontological conceptual metaphor NATURE IS A PERSON and other embodied metaphors, and these illustrate the profound interconnection between the characters and their ancestral lands. Subsequently, this study uncovers the ecological identities of the displaced characters, which ultimately leads them to attempt to establish physical and metaphorical connections with their ancestral villages. The physical connection is established through the concept of “eco-resistance”, which is crucial for their physical and psychological wellbeing, as well as the wellbeing of the land.