Les effets cardiovasculaires des alpha-2 agonistes, particulièrement importants chez les chiens, limitent leur utilisation en pratique vétérinaire. La perfusion à débit constant (PDC) de ces drogues, comme la médétomidine (MED) permettrait un contrôle plus précis de ces effets. Les effets hémodynamiques de plusieurs doses de MED en PDC ont été évalués chez le chien. Lors de cette étude prospective, réalisée en double aveugle, 24 chiens en santé, ont reçu de façon aléatoire une des 6 doses de MED PDC (4 chiens par groupe). Les chiens ont été ventilés mécaniquement pendant une anesthésie minimale standardisée avec de l’isoflurane dans de l’oxygène. Une dose de charge (DC) de médétomidine a été administrée aux doses de 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.7, 4.0 ou 12.0 µg/kg pendant 10 minutes, après laquelle la MED PDC a été injectée à une dose identique à celle de la DC pendant 60 minutes. L’isoflurane a été administré seul pendant une heure après l’administration d’une combinaison d’ISO et de MED PDC pendant 70 minutes. La fréquence cardiaque (FC), la pression artérielle moyenne (PAM) et l’index du débit cardiaque (IC) ont été mesurés. Des prélèvements sanguins ont permis d’évaluer le profil pharmacocinétique. D’après ces études, les effets hémodynamiques de la MED PDC pendant une anesthésie à l’isoflurane ont été doses-dépendants. L’IC a diminué progressivement alors que la dose de MED augmentait avec: 14.9 (12.7), 21.7 (17.9), 27.1 (13.2), 44.2 (9.7), 47.9 (8.1), and 61.2 (14.1) % respectivement. Les quatre doses les plus basses n’ont provoqué que des changements minimes et transitoires de la FC, de la PAM et de l’IC. La pharmacocinétique apparaît clairement dose-dépendante. De nouvelles expériences seront nécessaires afin d’étudier l’utilisation clinique de la MED PDC. / The cardiovascular effects of alpha-2 agonists, particularly pronounced in dogs, limit their use in veterinary practice. The use of these drugs, namely medetomidine (MED), by constant rate infusion (CRI), could allow more precise control of the cardiovascular effects. The haemodynamic responses of MED CRI at several dosages in dogs were investigated. In a prospective, blinded study, 24 healthy beagles randomly received one of 6 MED CRI regimens (4 dogs per regimen). Dogs were mechanically ventilated to maintain stable low-level isoflurane (ISO) anaesthesia in oxygen. A loading MED infusion was administered at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.7, 4.0 or 12.0 µg•kg-1 for 10 min, followed by maintenance CRI for 60 min providing identical dose amounts for all dogs (total duration for MED and ISO: 70 min). Isoflurane was then administered alone for an additional hour. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and cardiac index (CI) were recorded. Blood sampling was performed to establish pharmacokinetic profiles. Based on this study, the hemodynamic effects of MED CRI during ISO anaesthesia were found to be dose-dependent. Baseline CI decreased dose-dependently as MED dose increased by: 14.9 (12.7), 21.7 (17.9), 27.1 (13.2), 44.2 (9.7), 47.9 (8.1), and 61.2 (14.1) % respectively. The four lowest dosages created limited and transient changes in HR, MAP, and CI. Pharmacokinetics were dose-dependent. Further investigations for perioperative use are warranted.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-07-06T12:45:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Manuela Gomes de Lima.pdf: 883281 bytes, checksum: 4b78d080e8a45e184d5ff754cbf2c0a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-06T12:45:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manuela Gomes de Lima.pdf: 883281 bytes, checksum: 4b78d080e8a45e184d5ff754cbf2c0a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Nenhuma / O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar, com base na literatura recente sobre competitividade internacional, o desempenho exportador de China, Estados Unidos, Alemanha, Rússia, Coreia do Sul, Japão e Brasil entre 2000 e 2011. Por meio da aplicação do modelo de Constant-Market-Share foi possível quantificar a participação da composição da pauta, da distribuição dos mercados de destino e da competitividade na variação das exportações desses países. Verificou-se que o crescimento da demanda internacional favoreceu as economias exportadoras de bens intensivos em recursos naturais e que os países que priorizaram mercados mais dinâmicos (principalmente a Ásia) tiveram resultado positivo no fator mercado. Os resultados para o efeito competitividade foram menos precisos, pois seus fatores determinantes têm impacto variável conforme o padrão de especialização de cada economia. / The main objective of this study was to evaluate the export performance of China, United States, Germany, Russia, South Korea, Japan, and Brazil between 2000 and 2011, based on the recent literature on international competitiveness. By applying the Constant-Market-Share model, it was possible to quantify the contribution of the product composition, market distribution and competitiveness on countries’ exports growth. It was found that growing international demand favored the commodity exporters and also countries that have prioritized the most dynamic markets (especially Asia). The results for the competitiveness effect were less accurate because its determinant factors’ impact varies according to the specialization pattern of each economy.

A presente dissertação tem como objeto o conteúdo utópico de dois projetos produzidos entre 1958 e 1974: New Babylon (Constant Nieuwenhuys e Internacional Situacionista, 1956-74) e Gli Atti Fondamentali (Superstudio, 1972-73). A investigação considera o debate político e cultural da época para organizar um quadro de comparativo. Aproximados e colocados à luz da discussão contemporânea sobre utopia, esses projetos revelam-se como iniciativas especulativas e críticas, estruturadas a partir da proposição de modelos espaciais e sociais. Tratam-se de ideais urbanos que respondem a transformações fundamentais no paradigma da urbanização no pós-guerra europeu. Ambos compartilham almejam um modelo urbano no qual infraestruturas automatizadas proveem recursos abundantes à uma sociedade liberada do trabalho e da propriedade privada. / The object of the present dissertation is the utopian content of two projects developed from 1958 to 1974: New Babylon (Constant Nieuwenhuys and Situationist Internacional, 1956-74) and Gli Atti Fondamentali (Superstudio, 1972-73). This research considers the cultural and political debate contemporary to that time as a parameter for organizing a comparative scheme. To the light of a contemporary discussion of utopia, these projects reveal themselves as critical and speculative enterprises based on proposing spatial and social models for the future. They consist of urban ideals that relate with fundamental changes of the urbanization paradigm during the post-war years. Both yearn for an urban model in which automate infrastructures homogeneously provide abundant resources to a society that is free from both labor and private property.

A presente dissertação tem como objeto o conteúdo utópico de dois projetos produzidos entre 1958 e 1974: New Babylon (Constant Nieuwenhuys e Internacional Situacionista, 1956-74) e Gli Atti Fondamentali (Superstudio, 1972-73). A investigação considera o debate político e cultural da época para organizar um quadro de comparativo. Aproximados e colocados à luz da discussão contemporânea sobre utopia, esses projetos revelam-se como iniciativas especulativas e críticas, estruturadas a partir da proposição de modelos espaciais e sociais. Tratam-se de ideais urbanos que respondem a transformações fundamentais no paradigma da urbanização no pós-guerra europeu. Ambos compartilham almejam um modelo urbano no qual infraestruturas automatizadas proveem recursos abundantes à uma sociedade liberada do trabalho e da propriedade privada. / The object of the present dissertation is the utopian content of two projects developed from 1958 to 1974: New Babylon (Constant Nieuwenhuys and Situationist Internacional, 1956-74) and Gli Atti Fondamentali (Superstudio, 1972-73). This research considers the cultural and political debate contemporary to that time as a parameter for organizing a comparative scheme. To the light of a contemporary discussion of utopia, these projects reveal themselves as critical and speculative enterprises based on proposing spatial and social models for the future. They consist of urban ideals that relate with fundamental changes of the urbanization paradigm during the post-war years. Both yearn for an urban model in which automate infrastructures homogeneously provide abundant resources to a society that is free from both labor and private property.

Les attaques par canaux cachés sont une forme d'attaque particulièrement dangereuse. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au canal caché temporel. Un programme est dit ''constant-time'' lorsqu'il n'est pas vulnérable aux attaques par canal caché temporel. Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit deux méthodes reposant sur l'analyse statique afin de s'assurer qu'un programme est constant-time. Ces méthodes se placent dans le cadre de vérification formelle afin d'obtenir le plus haut niveau d'assurance possible en s'appuyant sur une chaîne de compilation vérifiée composée du compilateur CompCert et de l'analyseur statique Verasco. Nous proposons aussi une méthode de preuve afin de s'assurer qu'un compilateur préserve la propriété de constant-time lors de la compilation d'un programme. / Side-channel attacks are an especially dangerous form of attack. In this thesis, we focus on the timing side-channel. A program is said to be constant-time if it is not vulnerable to timing attacks. We present in this thesis two methods relying on static analysis in order to ensure that a program is constant-time. These methods use formal verification in order to gain the highest possible level of assurance by relying on a verified compilation toolchain made up of the CompCert compiler and the Verasco static analyzer. We also propose a proof methodology in order to ensure that a compiler preserves constant-time security during compilation.

In recent years, smart gird has received much attention, and many researchers have devoted to home area network (HAN) to improve the efficiency of grid. This thesis proposes a bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter (Dual Active Bridge, DAB) with phase shift control to implement the concept of HAN. Li+Fe battery is used as storage device of the converter, and a bidirectional communication between Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) and Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is realized by CAN-bus. By setting the current command given by LabVIEW system, the converter is able to charge the Li+Fe battery with constant current and constant voltage method as well as discharge the Li+Fe battery with constant current. Operation principle of the converter and the associated loss are presented.

In this thesis, we study periodic solutions and stability of differential equations with piecewise constant argument of generalized type. These equations can be divided into three main classes: differential equations with retarded, alternately advanced-retarded, and state-dependent piecewise constant argument of generalized type. First, using the method of small parameter due to Poincar&eacute / , the existence and stability of periodic solutions of quasilinear differential equations with retarded piecewise constant argument of generalized type in noncritical case, that is, the unperturbed linear ordinary differential equation has not any nontrivial periodic solution, are investigated. The continuous and differential dependence of the solutions on an initial value and a parameter is considered. A new Gronwall-Bellmann type lemma is proved. Next, quasilinear differential equations with alternately advanced-retarded piecewise constant argument of generalized type is addressed. The critical case, when associated linear homogeneous system admits nontrivial periodic solutions, is considered. Using the technique of Poincar&eacute / -Malkin, criteria of existence of periodic solutions of such equations are obtained. One of the main auxiliary results is an analogue of Gronwall-Bellmann Lemma for functions with alternately advanced-retarded piecewise constant argument. Dependence of solutions on an initial value and a parameter is investigated. Finally, a new class of differential equations with state-dependent piecewise constant argument is introduced. It is an extension of systems with piecewise constant argument. Fundamental theoretical results for the equations: existence and uniqueness of solutions, the existence of the periodic solutions, the stability of the zero solution are obtained. Appropriate examples are constructed.

Les effets cardiovasculaires des alpha-2 agonistes, particulièrement importants chez les chiens, limitent leur utilisation en pratique vétérinaire. La perfusion à débit constant (PDC) de ces drogues, comme la médétomidine (MED) permettrait un contrôle plus précis de ces effets. Les effets hémodynamiques de plusieurs doses de MED en PDC ont été évalués chez le chien. Lors de cette étude prospective, réalisée en double aveugle, 24 chiens en santé, ont reçu de façon aléatoire une des 6 doses de MED PDC (4 chiens par groupe). Les chiens ont été ventilés mécaniquement pendant une anesthésie minimale standardisée avec de l’isoflurane dans de l’oxygène. Une dose de charge (DC) de médétomidine a été administrée aux doses de 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.7, 4.0 ou 12.0 µg/kg pendant 10 minutes, après laquelle la MED PDC a été injectée à une dose identique à celle de la DC pendant 60 minutes. L’isoflurane a été administré seul pendant une heure après l’administration d’une combinaison d’ISO et de MED PDC pendant 70 minutes. La fréquence cardiaque (FC), la pression artérielle moyenne (PAM) et l’index du débit cardiaque (IC) ont été mesurés. Des prélèvements sanguins ont permis d’évaluer le profil pharmacocinétique. D’après ces études, les effets hémodynamiques de la MED PDC pendant une anesthésie à l’isoflurane ont été doses-dépendants. L’IC a diminué progressivement alors que la dose de MED augmentait avec: 14.9 (12.7), 21.7 (17.9), 27.1 (13.2), 44.2 (9.7), 47.9 (8.1), and 61.2 (14.1) % respectivement. Les quatre doses les plus basses n’ont provoqué que des changements minimes et transitoires de la FC, de la PAM et de l’IC. La pharmacocinétique apparaît clairement dose-dépendante. De nouvelles expériences seront nécessaires afin d’étudier l’utilisation clinique de la MED PDC. / The cardiovascular effects of alpha-2 agonists, particularly pronounced in dogs, limit their use in veterinary practice. The use of these drugs, namely medetomidine (MED), by constant rate infusion (CRI), could allow more precise control of the cardiovascular effects. The haemodynamic responses of MED CRI at several dosages in dogs were investigated. In a prospective, blinded study, 24 healthy beagles randomly received one of 6 MED CRI regimens (4 dogs per regimen). Dogs were mechanically ventilated to maintain stable low-level isoflurane (ISO) anaesthesia in oxygen. A loading MED infusion was administered at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.7, 4.0 or 12.0 µg•kg-1 for 10 min, followed by maintenance CRI for 60 min providing identical dose amounts for all dogs (total duration for MED and ISO: 70 min). Isoflurane was then administered alone for an additional hour. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and cardiac index (CI) were recorded. Blood sampling was performed to establish pharmacokinetic profiles. Based on this study, the hemodynamic effects of MED CRI during ISO anaesthesia were found to be dose-dependent. Baseline CI decreased dose-dependently as MED dose increased by: 14.9 (12.7), 21.7 (17.9), 27.1 (13.2), 44.2 (9.7), 47.9 (8.1), and 61.2 (14.1) % respectively. The four lowest dosages created limited and transient changes in HR, MAP, and CI. Pharmacokinetics were dose-dependent. Further investigations for perioperative use are warranted.

In this thesis, control schemes for the self-excited induction generator are developed with Matlab/Simulink. Self-excited induction generator is considered as a constant voltage-constant frequency supply for an isolated load. A wind turbine is assumed to be the variable-speed drive of the induction generator. Control schemes aim to ensure a constant voltage-constant frequency operation of the induction generator in case of the variations in the wind speed and/or the load. From the general model of the self-excited induction generator, the characteristics of the system and the dynamic responses of the system in case of any disturbance are examined. Next, the control strategies are developed both for the squirrel-cage rotor induction generator and for the wound-rotor induction generator. Two control loops are necessary for constant voltage-constant frequency operation of a variable speed induction generator, one for the voltage regulation and the other for the frequency regulation. After developing the control loops, constant voltage-constant frequency operation of the self-excited induction generator is simulated with a cage type saturation adaptive induction generator, a fixed capacitor with thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) used for frequency regulation and switched external resistors connected to the stator terminals used for voltage regulation.

La sûreté du stockage des déchets radioactifs repose en grande partie sur la capacité de confinement du conteneur et de l’ouvrage qui lui sont dédiés. Dans le cas des déchets radioactifs de Faible et Moyenne Activité à Vie Courte (FMA-VC), cette propriété de confinement, assurée par des matrices solides à base de matériaux cimentaires, est mesurée sur la base d’un essai de diffusion naturelle, consistant à faire traverser un traceur, de type radioactif, dans un échantillon représentatif, duquel on retire, a posteriori, un coefficient de diffusion. L’évolution de ces matériaux et les améliorations apportées à la fabrication de nouvelles enveloppes de confinement induisent des durées d’essai pouvant atteindre plusieurs années.L’objectif premier de ce travail consiste en la détermination du coefficient de diffusion effectif d’une espèce de référence, qui sera dans notre cas l’eau tritiée, dans un intervalle de temps réduit. L’approche théorique repose sur la compréhension du phénomène de transport d’espèces ioniques en solution soumises à un champ électrique. Sur les bases d’un protocole expérimental clairement établi et de la définition du facteur de formation, caractéristique topologique intrinsèque du réseau poreux, il a été possible de déterminer le coefficient de diffusion effectif de l’eau tritiée d’une gamme de bétons et de mortier d’intérêt, et cela en seulement quelques heures.Dans un second temps, la comparaison de l’essai de migration sous champ électrique constant, développé dans ce travail, avec l’essai classique de diffusion naturelle à l’eau tritiée a mis en exergue deux points cruciaux. La non-prise en compte de la décroissance radioactive du tritium dans l’interprétation de l’essai de diffusion naturelle à l’eau tritiée amène une sous-estimation non-négligeable de la valeur du coefficient de diffusion. La conservation, lors de leur phase de maturation, des matériaux d’essais dans des conditions inadaptées, induit des mesures selon la technique de migration sous champ électrique constant disparates et non répétables.Dans un dernier temps, la validation complète de la technique électrocinétique, sujet initial de ce travail, repose sur la vérification des hypothèses théoriques énoncées au préalable. Le facteur de formation, et a fortiori le coefficient de diffusion effectif, est une grandeur indépendante de la force ionique de la solution porale du matériau considéré, cela pour une gamme de solution courante dans le domaine des matériaux cimentaires. Le facteur de formation s’avère aussi indépendant de l’amplitude du champ électrique appliqué, aussi pour une gamme et des durées d’essai adaptées aux conditions de mesures définies dans le protocole. Enfin, lorsque les valeurs de coefficients de diffusion effectifs obtenues en migration et diffusion naturelle à l’eau tritiée sont comparées sur plusieurs formulations maîtrisées de matériaux cimentaires / The safety and the reliability of a radioactive waste repository rely essentially on the confinement ability of the waste package and the storing structure. In the case of the low-level and intermediate level short-lived radioactive waste, the confinement property, relying on solid matrices made of cement-based materials, is assessed through a natural diffusion test, using a radioactive tracer, from which an effective diffusion coefficient is deduced. The evolution of the materials and more particularly the enhancement of the confinement properties of cement-based materials lead to test duration from a couple of months to a couple of years.The main objective of the present work involves the determination of the effective diffusion coefficient of reference chemical species, in our case the tritiated water, within a shorter time. The theoretical foundation is based on the description of ionic species mass transfer under the effects of an electrical field. With the definitions of a precise experimental protocol and of a formation factor, considered as an intrinsic topological feature of the porous network, it is possible to determine the effective diffusion coefficient of tritiated water for various types of concretes and mortars, and this within a few hours only.The comparison between the developed accelerated test, based on the application of a constant electrical field, and the normed natural diffusion test, using tritiated water, underlined two critical issues. First, omitting the impact of the radioactive decay of tritium during a natural diffusion test, leads to a non-negligible underestimation of the effective diffusion coefficient. Second, maintaining samples in high relative humidity conditions after casting is essential in order to avoid contrasted and unrelated results when performing the electrokinetic tests.Eventually, the validation of the electrokinetics technique, main objective of this work, rests on the assessment of the theoretical hypothesis previously formulated. The formation factor, as well as the effective diffusion coefficient, does not depend on the ionic strength of the material pore solution, this being validated for solutions of different composition encompassing the cement materials pore solution diversity. The formation factor also does not vary when the amplitude of the applied electrical field varies, provided both the test duration and the electrical field amplitude are kept within acceptable boundaries. Finally, the comparison between the values of the effective diffusion coefficient obtained with both the constant field migration test and the natural diffusion techniques, for perfectly conditioned and prepared materials, leads us to invalidate the assumption that the effects of the double electrical layer are negligible