Σκοπός της έρευνας που διενεργήσαμε ήταν να προσδιορίσουμε τα κίνητρα και το προφίλ εκείνων των καταναλωτών που επιλέγουν να αγοράζουν τα δερμοκαλλυντικά και τα προϊόντα περιποίησης προσώπου και σώματος τους από τα πολυκαταστήματα και όχι από τα super markets, τα φαρμακεία ή άλλα μικρότερα καταστήματα. Προκειμένου να εξάγουμε ασφαλή συμπεράσματα δημιουργήσαμε ένα ερωτηματολόγιο το οποίο και μοιράσαμε σε 240 άτομα. Τις απαντήσεις που πήραμε τις επεξεργαστήκαμε με το πρόγραμμα Statistic Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Οι απαντήσεις αυτές μας βοήθησαν να κατανοήσουμε τι συμβαίνει στη αγορά σήμερα. Ανατρέξαμε στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία ώστε να συλλέξουμε πληροφορίες σχετικά με τα κίνητρα των καταναλωτών για αγορές και τον τρόπο με τον οποίο δομούνται τα καταστήματα προκειμένου να γίνονται ελκυστικότερα στους καταναλωτές. Θεωρούμε ότι μια τέτοια μελέτη θα ενδιαφέρει τόσο τις εταιρείες καλλυντικών, όσο και τους ιδιοκτήτες πολυκαταστημάτων, μικρότερων καταστημάτων ακόμη και φαρμακείων μιας και για όλα τα ανωτέρω, τα καλλυντικά αποτελούν μεγάλο μέρος του όγκου των πωλήσεών τους. / -

Η μελέτη ασχολείται με την δυνατότητα δημιουργίας πολυκαταστήματος προιόντων υγείας μέσω της διερεύνησης των αγοραστικών συμπεριφορών των καταναλωτών και των προτιμήσεών τους για διάφορα καταστήματα πώλησης τέτοιων προιόντων.Η έρευνα έγινε με διανομή ερωτηματολογίων την περίοδο Δεκέμβριος 2004-Ιανουάριος 2005.Από τη συλλογή και επεξεργασία των δεδομένων με το λογισμικό SPSS 13.0, φαίνεται πως οι καταναλωτές επιθυμούν τη δημιουργία πολυκαταστήματος, και σε αυτήν μεσολαβούν διάφορα χαρακτηριστικά τους όπως τα καταναλωτικά τους πρότυπα και δημογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά. / Τhis study concerns the possibility of the construction of a drugstore and it investigates the buying behaviour and the consumers preferences of existing stores that sell health products. The survey was conducted with the dispence of questionaires during the period between December 2004-January 2005.From the statistical analysis of the collected data, which was made with SPSS 13.0, it is suggested that consumers wish the constructin of a drugstore.Their wish is mediated by certain consumers characteristics, such as their buying decision-making process and demographic factors.

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Background: Systembolaget is one of the distinctive features of Sweden. It is the only store allowed to sell alcohol above 3.5% of alcohol by volume. The aim of this government-owned company is to educate Swedish customers to engage into responsible drinking patterns. To do so, they make use of advertising strategies depicted on several channels with the purpose of increasing individuals’ knowledge and thus, enhance public health. Besides, Scandinavian cultures are associated with high-risk behaviours regarding the average amount of alcohol drunk. Several studies underlined that students regularly engage into binge drinking and other irresponsible behaviours. Purpose: The aim of this study is to emphasize the effect of Systembolaget’s communication strategy on the attitudes, intentions, and behaviour of Swedish students. To fill the research gap and fulfil the objectives, a combination of the Health-Belief Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action is an adequate mean. Method: To gather the material needed for the research and uncover new insights, we chose an exploratory design. The semi-inductive approach allows to investigate the theoretical concepts while being able to use induction and thus, use the theory to both collect and analyse the data. We conducted semi-structured personal interviews on a sample of 20 Swedish students since they are familiar with Systembolaget and considered as a high-risk population in the drinking habits. To distil the data, we selected content analysis allowing the categorisation of the information in the different theoretical concepts. Conclusion: Systembolaget’s communication has a notable effect on Swedish students. It has been uncovered that the messages create favourable attitudes and thus, intentions to reduce alcohol consumption. Nevertheless, individual experiences, beliefs, and other factors of influence imply that there is an important intention-behaviour gap. Systembolaget displays information and appeals to influence the beliefs and knowledge of individual to educate them and not directly triggers specific behaviours.

O consumo é uma atividade humana presente em todas as civilizações (BAUMAN, 2008). Entretanto, os modos de consumir têm sofrido profundas mudanças ao longo da história, principalmente após a Revolução Industrial (LIPOVETSKY, 2007). Este estudo tem por objetivo visibilizar formas distintas de relacionar-se com o consumo, a partir do processo de pesquisa cartográfico. Para tanto, quatro grupos com estilos de vida e trabalho alternativos a modos de vida massificados foram acompanhados em suas atividades cotidianas. Após o acompanhamento de um mês, participaram de três encontros para discutir a pergunta da pesquisa, sendo que, o último encontro contou com a participação de todos. Cada grupo apresentou singularidades em relação aos modos de consumir, possibilitando problematizações sobre os modos de relacionar-se com o consumo, sobre o que seria uma ação de resistência, sobre formas solidárias de relação, bem como a individualização da “culpa” em relação aos problemas ambientais. Ao analisar o percurso de pesquisa como um conjunto de experiências, foi possível perceber que os grupos compartilhavam preocupações quanto ao modo de vida, que se manifestaram a partir da busca por relações horizontais, com maior autonomia, e busca por relações de maior proximidade entre quem presta um serviço e quem compra este serviço. Desta forma, os modos de consumirevidenciaram expressões sobre escolhas em relação aos modos de vida. / Consumption is a human activity present in all civilizations (BAUMAN, 2008). However, the ways of consuming have undergone deep profound changes throughout history, especially after the Industrial Revolution (LIPOVETSKY, 2007). This study aims to make evident visualize different ways of relating to consumption, from a cartographic research process. To do so, four groups with lifestyles and labor practices alternative to mass market practices were investigated for two to three months in their daily activities. After this observation, they participate in three meetings to discuss the research question; the last meeting was held with the participation of all groups. Each group presented singularities in relation to consuming practices, allowing problematizations on different ways to relate to consumption; on what would be a resistance action; on solidary forms of relation; and in relation to the individualization of "guilt" regarding environmental problems. In the analysis of the strategy developed by the research consisting as different experiences, it was possible to observe that the groups share concerns about their lifestyles that are manifested in the choice of horizontal relations with greater autonomy, and in the choice for closer relations between the one who pays a service and those who purchase this services. Thus, the modes consuming make evident the effects of choices regarding ways of life.

O consumo é uma atividade humana presente em todas as civilizações (BAUMAN, 2008). Entretanto, os modos de consumir têm sofrido profundas mudanças ao longo da história, principalmente após a Revolução Industrial (LIPOVETSKY, 2007). Este estudo tem por objetivo visibilizar formas distintas de relacionar-se com o consumo, a partir do processo de pesquisa cartográfico. Para tanto, quatro grupos com estilos de vida e trabalho alternativos a modos de vida massificados foram acompanhados em suas atividades cotidianas. Após o acompanhamento de um mês, participaram de três encontros para discutir a pergunta da pesquisa, sendo que, o último encontro contou com a participação de todos. Cada grupo apresentou singularidades em relação aos modos de consumir, possibilitando problematizações sobre os modos de relacionar-se com o consumo, sobre o que seria uma ação de resistência, sobre formas solidárias de relação, bem como a individualização da “culpa” em relação aos problemas ambientais. Ao analisar o percurso de pesquisa como um conjunto de experiências, foi possível perceber que os grupos compartilhavam preocupações quanto ao modo de vida, que se manifestaram a partir da busca por relações horizontais, com maior autonomia, e busca por relações de maior proximidade entre quem presta um serviço e quem compra este serviço. Desta forma, os modos de consumirevidenciaram expressões sobre escolhas em relação aos modos de vida. / Consumption is a human activity present in all civilizations (BAUMAN, 2008). However, the ways of consuming have undergone deep profound changes throughout history, especially after the Industrial Revolution (LIPOVETSKY, 2007). This study aims to make evident visualize different ways of relating to consumption, from a cartographic research process. To do so, four groups with lifestyles and labor practices alternative to mass market practices were investigated for two to three months in their daily activities. After this observation, they participate in three meetings to discuss the research question; the last meeting was held with the participation of all groups. Each group presented singularities in relation to consuming practices, allowing problematizations on different ways to relate to consumption; on what would be a resistance action; on solidary forms of relation; and in relation to the individualization of "guilt" regarding environmental problems. In the analysis of the strategy developed by the research consisting as different experiences, it was possible to observe that the groups share concerns about their lifestyles that are manifested in the choice of horizontal relations with greater autonomy, and in the choice for closer relations between the one who pays a service and those who purchase this services. Thus, the modes consuming make evident the effects of choices regarding ways of life.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T18:18:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AffonsoHSRN_TESE.pdf: 3481691 bytes, checksum: eb9bd251bb3a77e7b995568b1c451be0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / The consumption has become a major pillar of modern capitalism and at the same time, one of the factors that relate to social inequality. Karl Marx developed the theory of historical materialism which maintains a history of society determined by class struggle and the! exploitation of man by man. Considered to be overtaken by those who believe that Marxism is synonymous with real socialism, the Marxist ideals seem more present than in the Western world which each individual takes the individualization (loss of sense of public and collective) and the alienation by the work. Weassumed we could work on these issues in student education, even in elementary school, through questioning of the consumer society, with the criticism of television and the media, the main promoter of the current sense of consumption, as an initial step that could lead to future autonomy of theindividual. The theory of ideology and ideas of Paulo Freire's liberating education theory permeated the experience that happened as a participant observation of groups in the discipline of sociology in the unit 2 of the Col?gio Pedro II in Rio de Janeiro, the state capital, an institution under the direct administration Ministry of Education. Wehave found fertile ground in which the students were able to understand and question the meaning of advertising media / O consumo se tornou um dos principais pilares do capitalismo moderno e, ao mesmo tempo, um dos fatores que se relacionam ? desigualdade social. Karl Marx desenvolveu a tese do materialismo hist?rico que defende uma hist?ria da sociedade determinada pela luta de classes e pela ‟explora??o do homem pelo homem . Considerado ultrapassado por aqueles que acreditam que marxismo ? sin?nimo de socialismo real, as ideais marxistas nos parecem mais do que atuais num mundo ocidental que leva cada indiv?duo ? individualiza??o (perda da no??o de p?blico e coletivo) e ? aliena??o pelo trabalho. A teoriza??o de Luk?cs sobre as teorias marxistas refor?a esta ideia, quando diz que este processo engloba todo o sistema social. Partimos do pressuposto que poder?amos trabalhar estes temas na forma??o do aluno, ainda no Ensino Fundamental, atrav?s do questionamento da sociedade de consumo, com a cr?tica ? televis?o e ? m?dia, principal promotora do atual sentido de consumo, como passo inicial que poderia levar ? futura autonomia do indiv?duo. A teoria da ideologia e as ideias de educa??o libertadora de Paulo Freire permearam teoricamente a experi?ncia que aconteceu como observa??o participativa numa das turmas da disciplina de Sociologia numa das unidades do Col?gio Pedro II, no Rio de Janeiro, capital do estado, institui??o sob administra??o direta do Minist?rio da Educa??o. Encontramos um terreno f?rtil em que os alunos se mostraram aptos a entender e a questionar o sentido da publicidade midi?tica

The main topic of this master thesis is modern opinion leaders and their influence on consumption behavior of teenagers. The aim of the thesis is to characterize the opinion leaders of the modern age, to analyze their area of influence and to derive their influence on the consumer behavior of adolescents. The partial aim of the master thesis is the comparison of boys and girls. In the theoretical part, opinion leaders are defined, as well as their social networking and their influence in the marketing purposes. The consumer behavior of teenagers and the types of opinion leaders who influence them are described in detail. The practical part deals with social media influencers and determines the degree of their influence on teenagers' purchases. The actual research was carried out through questionnaire surveys and group discussions.

Measuring and monitoring performance of employees is an integral part of management. The need for an effective appraisal system to manage and monitor the performance of employees is self-evident in this country. The appraisal system for office-based educators is informed by the Education Labour Relations Council (ELRC) Collective Agreement No. 3 of 2002, which was signed on 11 December 2002. This appraisal system was developed with good intensions of enhancing the performance of office-based educators, and the prime aim being to manage and improve service delivery at all levels in the system. The objective of the study is to investigate the perceptions of the office-based educators on the implementation of the appraisal system. Do office-based educators perceive it that way? As implementers and direct beneficiaries, are the good intensions of the policy yielded when its implementation is faced with realities and practicalities of the implementation of the policy? The vehicle I used to achieve the goal of the study was quantitative approach. Self administered questionnaires were completed by respondents. The questionnaire consisted of one open-ended question which gave the respondents sufficient room to voice their opinions without restrictions and the close-ended questions. The sample was the whole population of the office-based educators in the Dr Ruth S. Mompati district office, department of education, North West province. The total number is only 103 and it was manageable. The analysis of data is illustrated in the form of tables, graphs and brief discussions. A written undertaking to guarantee confidentiality to respondents was given and all respondents signed the undertaking to indicate their voluntary participation. The study is significant in that the findings and recommendations might inform policy custodians on the status and improvement of the quality of the implementation of the appraisal system. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

In a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement, three energy supplements and two species (cows and ewes) were evaluated in two identical experimental periods: gestation and lactation. The three supplement treatments were a control, barley, and sugar beet pulp (SBP). The basal diet was tall wheatgrass straw (5.52% CP). Forage and total dry matter intake (FDMI and TDMI, respectively) interacted (P=.04) with species, supplements, and physiological stages. An interaction of physiological stage and sampling time occurred for pH. Supplement and sampling time interacted for butyric acid proportion and total VFA concentration. Diet digestibility displayed an interaction between species and physiological stage. Digestibility was lower during lactation than gestation for cows, but similar for ewes. Retention time interacted for species, supplement, and physiological stage. Fill of the gastrointestinal tract responded to physiological stage. Fill of the gastrointestinal tract responded to physiological stage, with values of .80 and 1.36% BW for gestation and lactation, respectively. Methane output displayed an interaction between species and physiological stage when data where analyzed as g CH4 d-1kg-1 BW. The highest and more variable values in CH4 losses were from ewes. From gestation to lactation, both species increased CH4 production. Energy lost in feces responded to physiological stage (P=.0008). Across species and supplements, 48 and 60% of the GEI were lost as feces during gestation and lactation, respectively. The use of energetic supplements in ewes depresses FDMI in late gestation, but stimulates it during lactation when a diet based on low-quality forage is fed. For cows, the use of energetic supplements does not affect FDMI during late gestation or lactation. The source of energy does not have an effect, and thus the decision will depend on the cost of supplements. Intake is more strongly affected in ewes than cows when low-quality forage is used. However, for both species, dry matter intake (DMI) is strongly depressed in late gestation.