La littérature chinoise contemporaine, presque inconnue il y a une trentaine d’années en France, commence aujourd’hui à occuper une place que l’on ne peut plus ignorer. Notre étude, qui présentera d’abord un panorama de la traduction et de la réception de cette littérature en France (1981-2012), s’efforcera ensuite d’explorer en détail des aspects techniques de la traduction : étudier les stratégies mises en place, mettre en valeur les efforts tentés par les traducteurs et analyser des difficultés et problèmes de traduction existants. Une telle recherche descriptive et analytique portera sur six objets de traduction, qui constituent toutes des défis traductologiques : “graphie et dessin des caractères chinois’’, “jeux de mots’’, “proverbes’’, “xiehouyu’’, “onomatopées’’ et “discours direct sub-libre’’, ceci dans le cadre de trente-quatre traductions de sept écrivains contemporains : Mo Yan 莫言, Su Tong 苏童, Yu Hua 余华, Bi Feiyu 毕飞宇, Chi Li 池莉, A Cheng 阿城 et Jia Pingwa 贾平凹. L’exploration des stratégies s’effectuera dans une approche dialectique qui va bien au-delà des dichotomies théoriques opposant radicalement l’auteur et le lecteur. En étudiant convergences, diversités et complexités de pratiques, nous tenterons d’apporter un éclairage sur des facteurs qui influencent ou régissent l’agir du traducteur, et ceci de façon ciblée selon chacun des six objets étudiés. Loin de vouloir dresser une liste des inadéquations, pertes ou erreurs de traduction, ou encore donner des injonctions, nous espérons attirer l’attention sur les réelles contraintes ou difficultés que les traducteurs du chinois rencontrent durant leur travail, et susciter des occasions de réflexion. / Chinese contemporary literature, while almost unknown thirty or more years ago in France, begins to occupy a place we can non longer ignore. In the present work, after presenting a panorama of the translation and the reception of this literature in France (1981-2012), we will try to explore in detail some technical aspects of its translation : strategies used by the translators and the efforts they make when facing translation problems. Being a descriptive and analytical research, it will deal with six translation objects : “spelling and image of Chinese characters’’, “wordplay’’, “proverbs’’, “xiehouyu’’, “onomatopoeia’’ and “sub free direct discourse’’, taking into account thirty four translations of seven Chinese contemporary writers : Mo Yan 莫言, Su Tong 苏童, Yu Hua 余华, Bi Feiyu 毕飞宇, Chi Li 池莉, A Cheng 阿城 and Jia Pingwa 贾平凹. The analysis of different strategies will be done in an dialectic approach which aims to overcome theoretical dichotomies opposing radically the author and the reader. While studying convergences, diversities and complexities of methods, we will try to shed light on factors that influence or govern the choices of the translator, in a targeted manner, according to each of the six studied objects. Far from establishing a list of unsuitable choices, losses and translation mistakes or issuing instructions, we wish to draw attention to the real constraints or difficulties that translators of the Chinese language come across during their work, and offer opportunity for thought.

This thesis explores the construction and use of the hijra figure in fictional literature. It argues that hijras are utilised as both symbols of deviance and central points around which wider anti-sociality circulates. In order to contextualise these characters and offer a deeper understanding of the constructed nature of their representations, this thesis works with four frames of reference. It draws respectively on Hindu mythology (chapter one), the Mughal empire and its use of eunuchs, which the authors of fiction use to extend their representations of hijras (chapter two), British colonialism in India and its ideological frameworks which held gender deviance to be a marker of under-civilisation (chapter three) and the postcolonial period, in which hijras continue to fight for their rights whilst attempting to survive in an increasingly marginal social position (chapter four). Examining the literary material through the lens of these four frameworks shows, historically, the movement of the hijras in the public imaginary away from being symbols of the sacred to symbols of sexuality and charts the concurrent shift in their level of social acceptance. In terms of their literary representations, it is seen that authors draw upon material informed by each of the four frameworks, but never in simple terms. Rather, they work imaginatively but often restrictively to produce an injurious or detrimental image of the hijras, and they apply multiple historical frameworks to the same narratives and individual characters, with the result of marking them as timeless figures of eternal otherness. The image of hijras as sacred beings in Hindu mythology is recast as them being terrifying figures who are liable to curse binary-gendered citizens if their extortionate demands are not met (chapter one). The political prominence of Mughal eunuchs and their position as guardians of sexual boundaries and purity become treasonous political manipulation through the enactment of secret plots, often involving sexual violence, to impact on political events (chapters two and three). The criminalisation of hijras as a means of pushing them out of public visibility becomes naturalised anti-sociality and a shadowy existence at the social margins (chapter three). Finally, in a public environment which has both seen a major increase in campaigns for hijra rights and acceptance, but which has met with fierce opposition, the hijras are overburdened with associations which render them as hyperbolic and ultimately unsustainable figures (chapter four). Ultimately, these constructions facilitate sensationalised storylines set in the criminal underworld. Whilst the thrilling nature of these stories has the potential to capture a readership, this comes at the expense of the hijra characters, who are rendered as inherent criminals, sexual aggressors and wilfully anti-social. Campaigns to protect hijras as a third-gender category, guarantee their legal rights and end their criminalisation for the first time since 1860 have been publicly prominent since 2001; these campaigns are now coming before parliament and formal decisions are expected imminently. Examining understandings of hijras outside of their communities is thus politically timely and necessary for disrupting the cycle of overburdening them as society's gendered scapegoats, contributing to a project of more nuanced understandings necessary for their social integration.

A dissertação analisa três contos de João Antônio Meninão do Caixote, Malagueta, Perus e Bacanaço e Visita , ambientados em salões de jogo de sinuca na cidade de São Paulo. Esses contos foram publicados no livro de estreia do autor, Malagueta, Perus e Bacanaço, em 1963, e apresentam narrativas com personagens que vivem do jogo, utilizando toda sorte de artimanhas no universo da malandragem. Baseando-se em alguns fundamentos da semiótica das paixões, inscrita dentro da chamada Escola de Paris, de linha greimasiana, a análise investiga os estados de alma que resultam das transformações que ocorrem ao longo das narrativas. Como suporte de fundamentação teórica, utiliza principalmente os conceitos desenvolvidos por A. J. Greimas e J. Fontanille, Diana Pessoa de Barros, José Luiz Fiorin, Elizabeth Harkot-de-la-Taille e Claude Zilberberg. O estudo se inicia com a apresentação dos fundamentos teóricos da semiótica das paixões e segue com a análise dos três contos, com o exame do modo como as instaurações dos sentimentos de orgulho e seus correlatos e de avidez e seus correlatos acompanham as transformações de estados dos sujeitos das narrativas. A análise se completa com a aplicação dos conceitos de missividade e fluxo discursivo, de Zilberberg, e com o questionamento dos confrontos entre os universos da norma social e da malandragem que permeiam os objetos de estudo. / This dissertation analyzes three short stories by João Antônio Meninão do Caixote, Malagueta, Perus e Bacanaço and Visita , within the context of a snooker hall in the city of São Paulo, in Brazil. These short stories were included in the authors first publication, Malagueta, Perus e Bacanaço, in 1963, and present narratives with characters that make their living from the game, employing all the luck of the hustle within the universe of deceit, of trickery. Based on a selection of Greimas fundamentals on the semiotics of passion, ingrained in the so-called School of Paris, the analysis investigates the states of the soul stemming from the transformations that arise throughout the narratives. To sustain the theoretical foundations, it uses, mainly, the concepts developed by A. J. Greimas and J. Fontanille, Diana Pessoa de Barros, José Luiz Fiorin, Elizabeth Harkot-de-la-Taille and Claude Zilberberg. The study begins by presenting the theoretical fundamentals of the semiotics of passion, followed by the analysis of the three short stories. Such analysis examines the way in which the feeling of pride and its spin-offs come about, as well as the way in which those of desire and its spin-offs accompany the transformations of each subjects state within the narratives. The examination is finalized by applying Zilberbergs concepts of tensivity and the flow of discourse, and by questioning the confrontation between the universe of social conventions and that of deceit, which permeates the objects of this study.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina Nobre de Moraes Shirato.pdf: 931626 bytes, checksum: c75e884081e153082fb388565eb108ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-16 / The Literature of the 20th century brought with it a different narrative style than the one before. We observe a higher concern to express the character s inquiries and reveries, emphasizing the inner self of each one of them. Influenced by the psychoanalysis, it is said that the literature also felt the necessity to comprehend what happened with the human mind. With that, the characters in the texts of Brazil and worldwide appear to be more and more complex, demonstrating how they can get conscious of themselves, throughout their trajectories in the narratives and novels. Due to the interest in the dialogist relations between texts, this work intends to analyze the construction of the characters under the bakhtinian autoconscience s perspective, evidencing how the interior monologue and the stream of consciousness contribute to the construction of the subject revolving around the collision of the voices that are present in the narrative. Supported by the theories regarding the characters construction, especially the autoconscience concept of Mikhail Bakhtin, this research aims to observe the ways in which the interior monologue makes explicit and influences the characters conscience takeover, making feasible some important discoveries that are closely connected to what goes on in their sub-conscience. The narratives "Felicidade" and "Antepassados" by Virginia Woolf, and "O Espartilho" and "A Sauna" by Lygia Fagundes Telles will be used. Both authors are great references of the comtemporary literature and their work also present several common ideas regarding the characters questioning about their true self. Through analysis contemplating dialog-ism studies, polyphony and psychoanalysis, the objective is to point out that the characters, as asserted by Bakhtin Problems Of Dostoevsky's Poetics, are not presented in a finished, defined way; on the contrary, it is the interior monologues and the interaction with other characters voices that lead them through the plot towards a (re)construction way, in which the importance is its way of seeing the world and the values that are acquired or let go during its journey. / A literatura do século XX trouxe consigo um estilo de narrar diferente do anterior. Observa-se uma preocupação maior em expressar os questionamentos e devaneios das personagens, enfatizando o que se passa no interior de cada uma delas. Influenciada pela Psicanálise, pode-se dizer que a literatura também sentiu necessidade de compreender o que acontecia na mente humana. A partir disso, surgem personagens nos textos do Brasil e do mundo cada vez mais complexas e que, ao longo de sua trajetória nos contos e romances, demonstram como tomam consciência de si mesmas. Fruto do interesse pelas relações dialógicas entre os textos, esse trabalho pretende analisar a construção das personagens sob a perspectiva da autoconsciência bakhtiniana, evidenciando como o monólogo interior e o fluxo de consciência contribuem para a construção do sujeito em meio ao embate das vozes presentes na narrativa. Alicerçada nas teorias acerca da construção da personagem, em especial no conceito de autoconsciência elaborado por Mikhail Bakhtin, essa pesquisa deseja observar de que formas o monólogo interior explicita e influencia a tomada de consciência das personagens, viabilizando descobertas importantes que estão intimamente ligadas àquilo que se passa no inconsciente das mesmas. Serão utilizados contos "Felicidade" e "Antepassados", de Virginia Woolf e "O Espartilho" e "A Sauna", de Lygia Fagundes Telles, grandes referências da literatura contemporânea e que apresentam diversos pontos em comum no tocante ao questionamento das personagens acerca do seu verdadeiro eu. Por meio de uma análise contemplando estudos sobre dialogismo, polifonia e psicanálise, pretende-se apontar que as personagens, como afirma Bakhtin em capítulo de Problemas da poética de Dostoievski, não se apresentam de forma acabada, definida; pelo contrário, são os monólogos interiores e a interação com as vozes de outras personagens que as conduzem ao longo do enredo rumo a uma espécie de (re)construção, na qual o importante é sua forma de ver o mundo e os valores que adquire e se desprende durante sua jornada.

Les théories et pensées de la lecture ont, au tournant du XXIe siècle, valorisé des approches pragmatiques de la lecture et de l’expérience qu’elle procure. De manière synchrone, le récit contemporain français réinvestit les figures de la lecture et du lecteur. Habituellement rattachées à une tradition parodique et anti-romanesque, elles constituent en fait une force de relance narrative et permettent de repenser les imaginaires littéraires et critiques de la lecture. À l’heure où la démocratisation des outils numériques semble transformer le rapport des sujets au livre et aux savoirs, interroger ces représentations dans les textes littéraires permet de mettre en évidence l’influence du numérique sur les pratiques de lecture comme les attitudes de la réception. Par leur manière d’impliquer le lecteur, de mettre en récit ou en abyme la lecture, et d’accueillir dans le livre de nouvelles figures de la réception, les textes du corpus dessinent et déclinent différents arts de lire. En faisant un objet de fiction du rapport des sujets aux signes qui les entourent ou les traversent, ces récits mettent à distance les méthodes de déchiffrement héritées des théories du texte et du moment formaliste de la théorie. Une pensée de la lecture s’élabore ainsi depuis les textes littéraires. Matière fictionnelle et narrative, elle fonctionne comme relance romanesque, et fait ressurgir la tentation critique d’une parole théorique des écrivains / Theories of reading and reader-response criticism have, since the turn of the 21st century, emphasized pragmatic approaches to reading and the reading experience. Meanwhile, contemporary French fiction has also been focusing on representations of reading and the reader. Although such representations are usually seen as part of a parodic, anti-novelistic tradition, they have in fact had a revitalizing impact on contemporary narratives and suggest new ways of looking at fictional and critical visions of reading. At a time when the democratization of digital tools seems to be revolutionizing the reading subject’s relationship to books and knowledge, a study of the representations of reading in literary texts can illuminate the impact of digital data on reading practices and reception. By devising new strategies of reader involvement and new embodiments of reception in the text, as well as by their fictionalization or mise en abyme of reading, the narratives of our corpus evolve and express new and diverse “arts of reading”. They turn our relationship to the signs in our world and in ourselves into fiction and thus call for a rethinking of our interpretive processes, away from classical hermeneutics and from formalist-inspired theories. Innovative thoughts and imaginings about literature are thus produced by literary texts themselves. They have a re-energizing impact on contemporary fiction and also explain why writers of fiction are once again lured into adopting theoretical discourses

The first decade of this century marked a moment of hypervisibility for lesbians and bisexual women on British television. During this time, however, lesbian hypervisibility was coded repeatedly as hyperfemininity. When the BBC and ITV adapted Sarah Waters’s novels for television, how, I ask, did the screen versions balance the demands of pop visual culture with the novels’ complex, unconventional – and in some cases subversive – representations of lesbianism? I pursue this question with an interdisciplinary methodology drawn from queer and feminist theories, cultural and media studies, and film adaptation theory. Chapter Two looks back to Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (BBC 1990). I examine this text – the first BBC television serial to feature a lesbian protagonist – to establish a vocabulary for discussing the page-to-screen adaptation of queer identities throughout this dissertation. Chapter Three investigates Waters’s first novel Tipping the Velvet (1998) and its complex intertextual relationship with Andrew Davies’s serialized version (BBC 2002). I also examine responses to the serial in the British press, tracing the ways in which dominant cultural forces seek to domesticate non-normative instances of gender and sexuality. Chapter Four examines Waters’s novel Fingersmith (2002) in relation to Peter Ransley’s adaptation (BBC 2005) to situate adaptations of Waters’s retro-Victorian texts amid the genre of television and film adaptations of Jane Austen novels. I argue that Ransley’s serial interrogates the notion of Austen as a “conservative icon” (Cartmell 24) and queers the Austen adaptation genre itself. To conclude this study I address Davies’s television film (ITV 2008) of Waters’s second novel Affinity (1999). In this chapter I examine how the adaptation depicts the disruptive lesbian at the centre of the text. I argue in particular that by casting an actress who does not conform to dominant televisual norms of femininity, the adaptation is able to create a powerful audiovisual transgendered moment which adds to the novel’s destabilization of Victorian hierarchies of gender and class. This chapter considers, finally, how Tipping the Velvet, Fingersmith and Affinity have contributed to lesbian visibility on British television. / Thesis (Ph.D, English) -- Queen's University, 2009-05-27 11:26:42.504

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Comment comprendre l’abjection qui travaille les textes littéraires de femmes auteures contemporaines ? Quelle abjection habite les récits Putain (2001), Folle (2004) et À ciel ouvert (2007) de la Québécoise Nelly Arcan? D’abord, sont esquissées une synthèse des multiples acceptions théoriques de l’abjection et une liste d’« objets » à l’abjection archétypale, avant de montrer comment l’abject est susceptible d’être dialectiquement relevé en son contraire, notamment dans l’œuvre littéraire. Une carte de l’imaginaire de l’abjection arcanienne est ensuite dressée : les représentations abjectes du féminin donnent naissance à plusieurs topos spécifiques, et des mécanismes abjects dé-forment le corps du texte, entraîné dans la logique tragique de l’éternel retour. Puis les effets performatifs du texte arcanien sont examinés : sur le plan affectif, il permettent une purification de l’abjection et, sur le plan discursif et énonciatif, une critique de celle-ci. Enfin, le corpus arcanien, à la fois poétiquement, esthétiquement et performativement, s’inscrit dans le sillage des grands écrivains de l’abjection du XXe siècle. C’est, en tout cas, ce que les résultats de cette étude permettent de conclure. / How the abjection inhabiting women’s writing can be understood? What abjection lies in Quebec writer Nelly Arcan’s narratives Putain (2001), Folle (2004) and À ciel ouvert (2007)? First of all, a synthesis of the theoretical perspectives among abjection and a list of archetypal abject « objects » are drawn, before presenting how the abject can be solved dialectically into its opposite, notably through a work of art. The imaginary of the Arcanian abjection is then mapped. Feminine abject representations draw specific topoï and abject mecanisms un-shape the text’s body, led by the eternal return’s tragic logic. Further on, performative effects of Arcan’s text are explored : on an affective level, they allow the purification of abjection, and on a discursive and uttering level, a critique of the later. Finally, as shown by this study’s results, the Arcanian corpus should be considered in the wake of the great XXth century writers of abjection.

Orientador: Antônio Donozeti Pires / Banca: Márcia Valéria Zamboni Gobbi / Banca: Tânia Pellegrini / Resumo: Nossa pesquisa de mestrado procura apontar as relações entre a literatura e o seu condicionamento social em À sombra do cipreste (1999) e A coleira no pescoço (2006), livros de contos de Menalton Braff, autor brasileiro contemporâneo. A análise de orientação sociológica surgiu porque os contos de Menalton, ao mesmo tempo em que proporcionam uma leitura de cunho intimista pelas crises das personagens, linguagem poética, fluxo de consciência, emprego da técnica impressionista e expressionista, entre outros aspectos, integram em sua estrutura as formas com que as relações sociais, valores e orientações ideológicas interferem nas personagens e contribuem para a economia do texto. Para mostrar as imbricações entre texto e contexto, recorremos ao método analítico de Antonio Candido, a crítica sociológica, baseado nas obras Literatura e Sociedade (1965) e Formação da literatura brasileira (1997). Além disso, nosso embasamento teórico está centrado em outros autores que dialogam, direta ou indiretamente, com a crítica sociológica de Candido, como João Alexandre Barbosa, (A leitura do intervalo. Ensaios de crítica, 1990, e Alguma crítica, 2002), René Wellek e Austin Warren, (Teoria da literatura, 1965), Luiz Costa Lima (Teoria da literatura em suas fontes, 2002) e Octavio Paz, (O arco e a lira, 1982). Propusemos uma divisão do corpus em quatro frentes temáticas, Morte/Memória, Relações familiares, Abandono/Solidão e Embate social como método que auxiliasse a leitura dos contos analisados (treze no total). Essa divisão, contudo, buscou apontar o tema sobressalente em cada conto e não propor uma leitura estanque das temáticas, uma vez que, de modo geral, cada narrativa transita entre os quatro grupos. Para essa divisão utilizamos Tomachevski ("Temática", 1973) e o Dicionário de termos literários, de Massaud Moisés, 1974... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Our research tries to indicate the relationship between literature and society in the short stories of À sombra do cipreste (1999) and A coleira no pescoço (2006) by Menalton Braff, contemporary Brazilian author. The sociological reading arose because Menalton's short stories, while providing an intimate reading because of the characters' crises, poetic language, stream of consciousness, use of impressionist and expressionist technique in writing, among others characteristics, also make implicit the ways in which social relations, values and ideological orientations interfere with the characters and contribute to the economy of the text. To show the connections between text and context, we've used the analytical method of Antonio Candido, the sociological critic, based on the books Literatura e sociedade (1965) and Formação da literature brasileira (1997). Our theoretical framework also focuses on other authors that interact, directly or indirectly, with Candido's sociological critic, as João Alexandre Barbosa (A leitura do intervalo. Ensaios de crítica, 1990, e Alguma crítica, 2002), René Wellek and Austin Warren, (Teoria da literatura, 1965), Luiz Costa Lima (Teoria da literatura em suas fontes, 2002) and Octavio Paz, (O arco e a lira, 1982). We have also proposed a division of the corpus into four thematic fronts, Death/Memory, Family Relationship, Abandonment/Loneliness and Social strike, as method which would help the reading of the short stories (thirteen in total). This division, however, sought to point the main theme in each story, but did not propose a reading of each theme tight, because each narrative moves among the four groups. To accomplish this division we've used Tomachevski ("Temática", 1973) and the Dicionário de termos literários, by Massaud Moisés, 1974. From these theoretical assumptions, we sought to ascertain which social... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

[pt] O trabalho intitulado Fabulação histórica em textos literários contemporâneos tematiza os diversos aspectos da relação intercambial entre história e literatura na produção metaficcional contemporânea. Em perspectiva sociológica, foram relacionados possíveis temas, formas e estilos de textos literários com a história do país de onde esses textos se originam. Os exemplos literários escolhidos no presente trabalho problematizam e ensaiam uma escrita da história fora dos eixos tradicionais de causa e efeito e da reprodução do realismo literário clássico. Sua tessitura narrativa apresenta-se de forma caleidoscopial ao trabalhar a estratificação identitária e ideológica de seus escritores justamente de maneira díspare. No entanto, isso não significa que tal literatura cuja temática aborde a história possa dispensar o real por conta de sua crise de representação à medida que a eclosão de possibilidades narrativas oferece novos aspectos dessa realidade que, atrelada à história sem ser por ela pautada, reverberem justamente esse excesso como o ponto fulcral de sua produção escrita. A análise da produção contemporânea realizada em Portugal através de alguns autores-chave (como José Saramago, António Lobo Antunes e José Cardoso Pires) identificou diferentes paradigmas próprios da fabulação histórica em textos literários contemporâneos. A literatura aqui perscrutada parece revelar a ânsia desmedida de se rever sua própria história nessa diversidade de práticas discursivas de reconstrução da história literária. Nessa articulação emergiu todo o potencial estético-literário e crítico-político de uma escrita que, do ponto de vista metaficcional, representa questões relativas tanto a seu processo – formas de contar a história baseada na estruturação narrativa de caráter ficcional – quanto a seus objetivos – a discussão de questões ideológicas subjacentes à motivação desses escritores. / [en] The work entitled Historical confabulation in contemporary literary texts wants to reflect about the various aspects of intercambial relationship between history and literature in contemporary metafictional production. In sociological perspective, were listed possible themes, forms and styles of literary texts in the history of the country from which these texts originate. Literary examples chosen in this work question and rehearse written history outside the traditional lines of cause and effect and reproduction of the classic literary realism. Its narrative texture presents itself in a caleidoscopial form when working identity and ideological stratification precisely in a disparate manner. However, this does not means that such literature whose themes addressing history may dispense this real because of its crisis of representation as the emergence of narrative possibilities offers new aspects of reality which, linked to the story without being guided by it, just reverberate that excess as the focal point of their written production. The analysis of the contemporary production held in Portugal through some key authors (as José Saramago, António Lobo Antunes and José Cardoso Pires) identified different paradigms of historical fable in contemporary literary texts. The literature scrutinized here seems to reveal the rampant urge to revise its own history in this diversity of discursive practices of literary history reconstruction. In this articulation emerged all the aesthetic-literary and critical-political potential of a writing which, from a metaficcional point of view, represents issues concerning both its process - ways to tell a story based on the narrative structure of fictional character – and its goals – the discussion of ideological issues underlying motivation of these writers.