The purpose of this cross-sectional and exploratory study was to describe an interaction model of parental and adolescent attributes and sexual communication influences on intentions for contraception and condom use in Mexican high school students between 14 and 17 years of age. This study utilized a secondary analysis of data from an existing experimental study. Concepts from the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Social Cognitive Theory, and the Ecodevelopmental Theory provided the contexts with which to guide this study. The study sample consisted of 756 adolescents and their parents. A SEM model building approach was used to guide the analyses. The model fit indices suggested that the sample data did not have an acceptable fit to the combined measurement model (X²[subscript (30)] = 92.215, p = 0.0000, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR= 0.04). Based on the correlation coefficients, the observed variables of parents' and adolescents' familialism and religiosity and adolescents' intentions for contraception and condom use were excluded from the structural equation modeling analyses. Two alternative models were constructed form the original and both had an acceptable fit, but based on the theoretical background, one was selected (X²[subscript (15)] = 27.289, p = .0265, CFI = .99, TLI = .99, RMSEA = .03, SRMR = .02). The revised model parents' attributes (self-efficacy for sex communication and beliefs toward sex) showed a strong relationship (r = 0.80) with parents' sexual communication (communication about sex and comfort with sex communication). An additional moderately strong correlation was found between adolescents' sexual communication (communication about sex and comfort with sex communication) and parents' sexual communication (r = .31). Although the final model in this study did not explain the direct and mediator effects on adolescents' intentions for contraception and condom use, findings add new information in relation to the phenomenon of parent-adolescent communication about sex in Mexico. Several conclusions were also drawn from the relationships among parents' attributes, adolescents' attributes, parents' sexual communication, adolescents' sexual communication, and adolescents' intentions for contraception and condom use. Findings from this study are congruent with similar research and can be useful in developing intervention programs to prevent HIV/AIDS in Mexican adolescents.

Mémoire (M.Ed.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2001. / Bibliogr.: pp. 136-154. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

This study investigated attitudes toward personal use of premarital contraception among sexually active adolescent males and females. All students within the selected classrooms were asked to complete questionnaires assessing attitudes toward contraception, contraceptive knowledge, and sociodemographic and sex-related life history variables. Subjects were rated with regard to their effectiveness of contraception (high, moderate, or low). Separate univariate analyses indicated the following: The low effectiveness group was more likely to perceive responsibility for contraception as belonging to the "opposite gender." Contraception attitudes and knowledge were positively related. Females were more knowledgable about contraception and has more favorable attitudes than males.

L'Homme est le bénéficiaire ultime et l'intrant essentiel du développement et de la croissance. Le capital humain identifié comme moteur de la croissance économique est fortement lié à la variable démographique. L'institution familiale par ses décisions de fécondité et d'investissement en éducation de ses membres est un préambule pour la formation du capital humain. L'intérêt est porté, alors, à l'interaction entre la quantité et la qualité de l'Homme. Notre étude de la croissance économique est conduite par l'analyse de la fécondité comme variable de croissance économique. Elle cherche à dégager les influences de la fécondité notamment par ses interactions avec l'éducation dans l'explication des performances économiques. Grâce à des analyses: macro et microéconomique, nous vérifions la présence d'une association éducation-fécondité et sa contribution dans le processus de la croissance pour la Tunisie. Une analyse quantitative dynamique du lien entre la fécondité, l'éducation et la croissance économique aussi bien à long terme qu'à court terme au cours de la période 1963-2007 est entreprise employant les techniques de séries temporelles. Aussi, une analyse quantitative de la fécondité : naturelle, désirée, réelle, de l'écart et de la régulation est mise en œuvre par des modèles micro économétriques tels que ceux de choix discret, de comptage et de durée. Elle prouve que le comportement des ménages est guidé par l'arbitrage entre la quantité et la qualité d'enfants et met en évidence les déterminants économiques et socioculturels. Ces analyses permettent d'annoncer les politiques cadrant le comportement familial de fécondité dans le processus de développement. / Human is the final benefit and the essential input of economic growth and development. Human capital as an economic growth driving force is strongly influenced by demographic variables. Family institution is a preliminary for human capital accumulation considering its fertility and education investment in its member's decision. Hence, human capital analysis leads necessary to endogenous population growth. Then, our interest is focused to human quantity and quality interaction. Our economic growth investigation is so conducted by analysing fertility as economic growth variable. Our essay is to put out fertility influences notably by its interaction with education in explaining economic performances. Referring to macro and micro economic family analysis, we verify education/fertility relationship and its contribution in the growth process in Tunisian case. A long and short dynamic quantitative analysis of fertility, education and growth equilibrium relationship over the period 1963-2007 is undertaken using times series technique. Although a quantitative analysis of actual, desired, their gap, natural and regulation fertility is applied using micro econometric models such as dichotomous model, count data model and duration model. It attests that Tunisian household behaviour is shaped by quantity-quality children trade-off and also highlights economic and sociocultural fertility determinants. These analyses give out policies matching family fertility behaviour in the development process.

As práticas contraceptivas na adolescência apresentam dinâmica própria, em que as decisões acerca do uso de algum método variam em função de uma série de elementos, como o conhecimento sobre anticoncepção, a experiência sexual e o relacionamento vigente. Por conta de serem essencialmente solteiros, os adolescentes alternam os métodos de acordo com o tipo de relacionamento, seja ocasional ou estável, bem como ao longo deste. É justamente nos momentos de alternâncias e descontinuidades no uso de métodos que a anticoncepção de emergência pode surgir como opção para a prevenção da gravidez não planejada. Mesmo que já esteja disponível em alguns serviços da rede pública de saúde no país, pouco se sabe sobre o seu conhecimento e uso. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o nível do conhecimento e o uso da anticoncepção de emergência entre adolescentes estudantes do ensino médio. Para isto, foi conduzido um estudo quantitativo do tipo transversal. A população de estudo constou de estudantes solteiros de 15 a 19 anos de idade que estavam matriculados em escolas públicas e privadas do município de Arujá, São Paulo. Os estudantes foram selecionados considerando a amostragem probabilística por conglomerado, realizado em duas etapas (estratificação por escola e sistemática por turma) (n=669). Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário autoaplicado, no qual as variáveis dependentes foram o conhecimento sobre a anticoncepção de emergência (incluindo apenas aqueles que a conheciam) e o uso da anticoncepção de emergência (incluindo apenas aqueles que iniciaram a vida sexual). As variáveis independentes dizem respeito às características sociodemográficas e ao comportamento sexual e contraceptivo. A análise de regressão linear múltipla identificou como variáveis associadas ao nível do conhecimento da anticoncepção de emergência o tipo de escola, o ano escolar, o sexo, a relação sexual e conhecer alguém que já usou o método. Por sua vez, a análise de regressão logística múltipla identificou como variáveis associadas ao uso da anticoncepção de emergência a religião, o namoro atual e conhecer alguém que já usou o método. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os adolescentes de ambos os tipos de escola sabem pouco sobre a anticoncepção de emergência, apesar de uma parcela significativa ter usado este método. Demonstraram, também, que o nível de conhecimento da anticoncepção de emergência não afetou o uso deste método. / Contraceptive practices in adolescence present specific dynamics, in which decisions about the use of a method vary upon contraception knowledge, sexual experience and dating. As adolescents are mostly single, they alternate the use of contraceptive methods according to their relationships, whether occasional or permanent, as well as along it. Whenever there are alternations and discontinuities in the use of regular methods, emergency contraception may emerge as an option to prevent an unplanned pregnancy. Even though it is already available in some primary health services, little is known about adolescents knowledge and use. This study aimed to analyze the level of knowledge and use of emergency contraception among high school adolescent students. So we conducted a cross-sectional quantitative study. The study population was single students from 15 to 19 years of age enrolled in public and private high schools in the city of Arujá, São Paulo, Brazil. Students were selected based on a cluster sampling, conducted in two stages (stratificatied sampling by school and systematic sampling by class) (n = 669). Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, in which the dependent variables were knowledge about emergency contraception and the use of emergency contraception (considering only those who reported sexual initiation). Independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics and sexual and contraceptive behavior. From multiple logistic regression analysis, data showed that associated variables to the level of knowledge of emergency contraception were school type, school year, sex/gender, sexual intercourse and knowledge of someone who has used the method. On the other hand, variables associated with the use of emergency contraception were religion, current dating and knowledge of someone who has used the method. Results showed that adolescents from both schools know little about emergency contraception, although more than a half have used this method. Level of knowledge of emergency contraception did not affect the use of this method.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:57:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vera_Maria_Vieira_dissertacao.pdf: 2732109 bytes, checksum: 095626f88ea8cc348003ef3d0e1e9735 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-11-16 / In Brazil, the prevalence contraceptive use is high, however the incorrect and inappropriate use is frequent, suggesting little knowledge about the methods. Thus, it was evaluated the knowledge about the most used contraceptive methods, measured through a score (0-10) and factors related to this knowledge. It was performed a population-based cross-sectional study, with 3,542 subjects, aged 15 or over, residents of the urban zone of Pelotas, RS. The average score of knowledge was of 4,65 (sd=2,07) being 5,02 (sd=2,10) for women and 4,18 (sd=1,92) for men. The lower age, higher schooling, report of unwanted pregnancy, and lifetime use of contraceptive methods exclusive or combined, were associated with higher knowledge score among men, while for women, the determinants of higher knowledge was higher age, live with partner, higher schooling, better socioeconomic level, not having religion and lifetime use of contraceptive methods exclusive or combined. Although the high prevalence of contraceptive use during the lifetime (75,3%), it is still limited the knowledge about the most used methods, as well as about the menstrual cycle and the fertile period. / A prevalência de uso de anticoncepcional no Brasil é alta, porém é freqüente seu uso incorreto e inadequado, sugerindo escasso conhecimento sobre os métodos. Assim, avaliou-se o conhecimento sobre métodos anticoncepcionais mais utilizados através de um escore (0-10) e fatores associados à este conhecimento. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional, com 3.542 indivíduos de quinze anos ou mais, residentes na zona urbana de Pelotas, RS. A média de escore de conhecimento foi de 4,65 (dp=2,07), sendo 5,02 (dp=2,10) para as mulheres e 4,18 (dp=1,92) para os homens. Menor idade, maior escolaridade, relato de gravidez indesejada e uso de método anticoncepcional exclusivo ou combinado ao longo da vida, mostraram-se associados a um maior escore de conhecimento entre os homens, enquanto para as mulheres, os determinantes de maior conhecimento foram maior idade, viver com companheiro, maior escolaridade, melhor nível econômico, não ter religião e uso de método anticoncepcional exclusivo ou combinado ao longo da vida. Apesar da alta prevalência de uso de anticoncepcional (75,3%), é limitado o conhecimento sobre os métodos mais utilizados, ciclo menstrual e período fértil.

Le but de cette thèse est de comprendre les conditions d’adoption de la « loi Neuwirth » en décembre 1967 qui dépénalise le libre recours à des moyens de contraception. La modification d’un dispositif légal qui remonte à la loi 1920 renvoie à l’existence d’une relation de pouvoir dotée d’une forme historiquement datée, et partant, socialement construite, qu’il convient d’aborder comme telle pour expliquer sa transformation. Sa formation n’est en effet pas concevable avant la fin du XIXème siècle dans le cadre du processus de nationalisation et d’étatisation de la société. Dès lors, comprendre l’adoption de la « loi Neuwirth » suppose de rendre compte à la fois de la constitution des conduites procréatrices en objet légitimed’intervention étatique, de décrire relationnellement l’invention de la cause contraceptive dans les années 1950, et de saisir les rapports qui peuvent s’établir entre, d’une part, les individus et groupes mobilisés en faveur de cette dernière et, d’autre part, les gouvernants. Bref, saisir pleinement une relation de pouvoir et sa transformation exige de produire une analyse à parts égales des éléments qui la composent en les traitant comme des espaces en interdépendance. Ce travail socio-historique à la croisée de la sociologie des mobilisations, de la sociologie de l’Etat et la sociologie de l’action publique, se base sur l’exploitation de nombreux fonds d’archives, la construction et l’analyse de deux bases données et la réalisation d’entretiens. / The purpose of this thesis is to understand the conditions for the adoption of the "loi Neuwirth" in December 1967, which decriminalizes the free use of contraceptive methods. The modification of a legal system dating back to the 1920s refers to the existence of a power relationship endowed with a historically dated, and therefore socially constructed, form, whichmust be addressed as such to explain its transformation. Its formation was not conceivable until the end of the 19th century as part of the process of nationalization and nationalization of society. Therefore, understanding the adoption of the " loi Neuwirth " implies accounting for both the constitution of procreative behaviour as a legitimate object of State intervention,describing in relation to the invention of the contraceptive cause in the 1950s, and grasping the relationships that can be established between, on the one hand, individuals and groups mobilized in favour of the latter and, on the other hand, governments. In short, fully grasping a power relationship and its transformation requires producing an equal analysis of the elements that compose it by treating them as interdependent spaces. This socio-historical work, at the crossroads of the sociology of mobilizations, the sociology of the State and the sociology of public action, is based on the exploitation of numerous archive collections, the construction and analysis of two databases and the conduct of interviews.

MPH / Department of Public Health / See the attached abstract below

Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou užívání ženské hormonální antikoncepce z perspektivy mužů jakožto jejich partnerů. V teoretické části podává ucelený obraz o expertním i veřejném diskurzu a základních argumentech souvisejících s problematikou v odborné literatuře. Analytická část je konstruovaná prostřednictvím polostrukturovaných rozhovorů s vybranými respondenty, kteří svými odpověďmi vykreslují podobu této problematiky z mužské perspektivy. Jejich výpovědi jsou průběžně analyzované genderovou optikou. Diplomová práce volně navazuje na předchozí práce, zabývající se sociálními aspekty užívání hormonální antikoncepce z pohledu žen. ABSTRACT This diploma thesis deals with the problematics concerning the female usage of hormonal contraception from the perspective of their male partners. In the theoretical part, the thesis describes the basic assertions, expert as well as public discourse linked with the problematics represented in professional literature. The analytical part is built on semi-constructed interviews with selected respondents. The interviews are drafted to illustrate the male conception of the problematics. Their answers from the interviews are analysed one by one through the views on gender. The thesis loosely follows previous theses describing social aspects of the usage of...

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / BACKGROUND: In Botswana, women and girls continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. According to the UNAIDS in 2009, 170 000 of the estimated 300000 adults living with HIV or one quarter of the population aged 15 and over were women. HIV prevalence trend among pregnant women (Botswana Sentinel Surveillance 2001-2009) aged 15-49 years attending antenatal in public clinics is 31.8%. The national HIV prevalence amongst the women surveyed has shown a decline of prevalence from 36.2% in 2001 to 30.4% in 2011. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to determine the perceptions of women of reproductive age in Nkoyaphiri clinic, Mogoditshane village towards the use of female condom (FC). METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used on a sample of 125 women of reproductive age in Nkoyaphiri clinic in Botswana. A self-administered questionnaire written in both English and Setswana were given to 125 women of reproductive age. Their responses were coded, cleaned and entered into SPSS version 21.0 software for analysis. FINDINGS: About 92% of women of reproductive age heard about FC, more than half (64.8%) of respondents reported that they do not know how to use FC, and 88% have never used FC. The results had shown that a higher percentage (88%) of respondents have never ever used FC compared to (12%) that have used it. Most participants 46.4% believed that FC can prevent unwanted pregnancies, the Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS 42.4%. The results also show that 18.4% of respondents often use female condom inconsistently, while 3.3% cited it as their current contraceptive method. CONCLUSION: The results of this study shows that the level of FC use is lower (12%) among respondents, compared to 88% who never used FC. This shows that majority of women had never used FC. This results show that a lot still needs to be done in promoting the use of FC and strategies should be designed to send information to all individuals. Lack of knowledge on the use of FC contributes to lack of use of FC among women.