Cette thèse aborde le sujet du conservatisme britannique, notamment le conservatisme de1979 jusqu’à 1990, la période qui correspond aux mandats de Margaret Thatcher. Ce travail vise à démontrer que la continuité a été l’aspect déterminant du parti conservateur depuis les XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Les valeurs premières du conservatisme ont continué à être appliquées avec l’avènement de Margaret Thatcher au pouvoir même si elle incarnait, pour beaucoup de gens, le changement. Ceci apparait dans les discours que Margaret Thatcher tenait quand elle était leader de l’opposition. Le changement était nécessaire selon elle car la société britannique était stagnante. En effet, Thatcher ne pouvait pas accepter ce qu’elle considérait comme étant une « société oisive ».Dès son jeune âge, elle avait appris que travailler dur était à la fois une responsabilité et un plaisir. Ce plaisir-là émane des principes d’indépendance et de persévérance auxquels elle a toujours cru très profondément. Dans ce sens, le changement signifie essentiellement la remise en question du consensus de l’après-guerre, conçu pour aider le pays et ses habitants à se reconstruire. Margaret Thatcher était déterminée à démanteler la social-démocratie keynésienne qui avait imprégné la politique britannique depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale à cause des circonstances changeantes. L’originalité de sa politique réside dans l’abandon du consensus de l’après-guerre largement basé sur l’état providence et l’intervention de l’état ainsi que l’encouragement des membres de la société à être autonomes et indépendants en plus d’une économie forte et capable de s’autoréguler sans avoir besoin d’intervention de la part du gouvernement. La liberté, l’individualisme et l’autonomie sont les conséquences ultimes de la dérégulation. Ces valeurs étaient les valeurs premières du conservatisme et leur application durant les années quatre-vingt n’étaient que retour au vieux parti conservateur. La continuité du parti conservateur, qui a été interrompue par le keynésianisme du parti travailliste, a été alors rétablie. Pour prouver de cette continuité, un nombre de documents d’archives ont été étudiés au Churchill Archives Centre à Cambridge; des archives telles que les procès-verbaux des réunions du parti conservateur et les discussions qui se sont déroulées entre conservateurs. Par ailleurs, savoir comment les conservateurs eux-mêmes définissent le conservatisme britannique élucide la nature du conservatisme. Pendant longtemps, le parti conservateur a été considéré comme étant le parti monolithique par excellence. Mais le retour en force d’autres partis, comme le parti travailliste après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, a poussé les conservateurs à réfléchir davantage, à innover, à créer des thinks tanks et à ne plus avoir peur d’exprimer leurs opinions diverses. Désormais, ils ne craignent plus le changement, partant du principe que « les choses doivent changer pour qu’elles restent identiques » (The Leopard by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa). Une large partie de cette thèse porte sur la politique économique. La variable de la politique économique constitue peut-être le critère de réussite le plus visible notamment du fait qu’il est aisément quantifiable, et révèle que l’économie a toujours été une priorité chez les conservateurs. Selon Margaret Thatcher par exemple, le keynésianisme de l’après-guerre avait échoué et devait être abandonné. Pour Thatcher, le problème majeur à résoudre n’était pas le chômage mais l’inflation. La dichotomie entre continuité et changement sera analysée non seulement dans les discours publics de Margaret Thatcher mais aussi dans les discussions internes du parti conservateur. La pléthore de définitions et opinions pose également la question de l’héritage de la dame de fer, à travers son successeur John Major et des événements contemporains tels que le Brexit. / This thesis focuses on the dynamics of continuity and change within the Conservative Party from 1979 to 1990, the period of Margaret Thatcher’s premierships. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that continuity had been the defining feature of the Conservative Party since the 18th and 19th centuries. The implementation of the primary values of early Conservatism continued with the advent of M. Thatcher to power although she represented, for many people, the epitome of change. This was all the more obvious in Margaret Thatcher’s public speeches when she was Leader of the Opposition. Change was, to her, necessary since British society was stagnant. In fact, Mrs. Thatcher could not accept what she considered as an “idle society.” When she was very little, Mrs. Thatcher learned that working hard was not only a duty but also an enjoyment. These feelings emanated from the values that she dearly cherished such as independence and perseverance. In this sense, therefore, change only meant the questioning of the postwar consensus. The policies implemented during the consensus period aimed at helping Britain and her citizens reconstruct. Margaret Thatcher was determined to dismantle the Keynesian social democracy that had permeated British politics since World War Two because of changing circumstances. The novelty of her politics lay in getting rid of the postwar consensus, broadly based on the welfare state and government intervention and encouraging a society whose members should be self-reliant and independent in addition to a strong economy capable of self-regulating without the need for regulation from the government. Freedom, individualism and autonomy were the ultimate consequences of deregulation. These values were the original values of Conservatism and their implementation in the 1980s was nothing but a return to Old Tory Conservatism. The continuity of the Conservative Party, which was interrupted by the politics of Keynesianism of the Labour Party, had therefore been reestablished. In order to trace this continuity, a number of archival material have been studied in the Churchill Archives Centre in Cambridge; archival material such as the minutes of the Conservative Party or the discussions that took place among Conservatives. Besides, how members of the Conservative Party themselves define British Conservatism sheds light on the nature of Conservatism. The Conservative Party has been considered to be the monolithic party par excellence but as a result of the increasing influence of other parties, notably the Labour Party after World War Two, Conservatives became more aware of the need to think more, innovate, create thinks tanks and express their distinct opinions more widely. They were no longer afraid of change given that “Everything needs to change, so that everything can stay the same” (The Leopard by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa). An important part of this thesis deals with the economy. The variable of economic policy is perhaps the most visible criterion of success namely because it is easily quantifiable. It also reveals that economy has always been a priority among Conservatives. For Margaret Thatcher for instance, the Keynesianism of the postwar era had failed and should be abandoned. According to Thatcher, inflation was the problem to solve, not unemployment. The dichotomy between continuity and change will be analyzed not only in the public speeches of Margaret Thatcher but also the internal discussions of Conservatives. This plethora of definitions and opinions also concerns the legacy of the Iron Lady mainly through her successor, John Major, in addition to contemporary events such as the Brexit.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:26:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre de Freitas Iglesias.pdf: 686024 bytes, checksum: 05148ba14e09b2f7bdd9651effe6e815 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-31 / The present study is destined to analyze the meaning of the new content of interpolated proposition I of the article 475-N of the Civil Procedure Code. Due to the generic terms that have been used, the article has caused unreliability, because it seems there is no longer clear criteria to identify a sentence that allows enforcement. The objective is, therefore, to clarify the nature of the sentence mentioned in the related article. Firstly it is made an analysis of the concepts of conviction and declaratory judgements based on their contents. Later it is analyzed the constitutionality of the legislative alteration, the inconveniences that would be caused by the adoption of the declaratory judgement as enforceable judgement and the meaning of a sentence that denies a negative declaratory claim. In conclusion, the sentence that allows enforcement continues to be the conviction judgement / O presente estudo destina-se a analisar o significado do novo conteúdo do inciso I do artigo 475-N do Código de Processo Civil. Em razão dos termos genéricos que foram utilizados, o artigo tem causado insegurança, pois parece não haver mais critérios claros para identificar uma sentença que enseja execução. O objetivo é, portanto, esclarecer a natureza da sentença mencionada no referido artigo. Em primeiro lugar é feita uma análise dos conceitos de sentença condenatória e sentença declaratória com base em seus conteúdos. Depois analisa-se a constitucionalidade da alteração legislativa, os inconvenientes que surgiriam da adoção da sentença declaratória como título executivo e o significado de uma sentença de improcedência de demanda declaratória negativa. Conclui-se, enfim, que a sentença que permite execução continua sendo a sentença condenatória

La Présomption d'innocence constitue un principe procédural qui organise le procès pénal, en désignant celle des parties qui aura à supporter la charge de la preuve, et en renvoyant l'accusé des fins de la poursuite dès lors qu'il existe un doute. Consacré sur le plan international, et plus récemment, au plan national, par les lois des 4 janvier 1993 et 15 juin 2000, ce principe, intimement lié au problème de la preuve pénale, connut une émergence lente et laborieuse. En effet, l'Ordonnance criminelle ainsi que le système de la preuve légale qui lui est consubstantiel imposent au juge de condamner dès que la preuve est réunie. Le doute ne peut exister pour un accusé que l'on supposait coupable. La Révolution allait cependant inscrire la présomption d'innocence, dans une Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen, et qui entendait libérer les hommes des cadres obsolètes de l'Ancien régime, mais aussi le protéger de ses rigueurs. Quand ils votèrent l'article 9 de ce texte, les Constituants en ignorèrent la dimension procédurale. La consécration du jury et de l'intime conviction, tant par la loi du 16-29 septembre 1791 que par le Code d'instruction criminelle, maintient cette cécité. Malgré le renouveau du droit pénal qui s'affranchit du poids représenté par la toute puissance du seul droit civil, le XIXème reste presque silencieux sur ce principe. Il faudra attendre le XXème pour voir clairement exposé le mécanisme procédural de la présomption d'innocence. Toutefois, sa réception demeure imparfaite. Il est critiqué dans son application et la loi pénale créa des présomptions de culpabilité. Les récentes interventions législatives ne permettent pas d'enrayer l'érosion de ce principe puisqu'elles installent une confusion entre le principe procédural et un principe concourant à la liberté de la défense et des droits de la personne. La présomption d'innocence reste donc d'une fragilité certaine malgré sa pleine reconnaissance.

近年來知名公司面臨起訴或遭到定罪的消息層出不窮，然而在公司定罪的相關研究中，多數文獻著重於探究遭受定罪之事實對公司價值的影響，較少研究聚焦於定罪事實對公司所參與之聯貸案契約條件的影響，有鑑於此，本篇文章旨在探討犯罪公司於定罪前後其聯貸借款條件之借款利率是否有顯著差異。本篇研究發現事件前後犯罪公司之借款利率差異並不顯著。當我們試以修正資料庫登錄與犯罪新聞時間差的問題後，結果顯示犯罪公司之借款利率於犯罪相關新聞發布後顯著上升，除此之外，考量交乘作用後發現犯罪公司間，犯罪罪刑為詐欺類以及受判罰金較高的犯罪公司於事件後，相較於其他犯罪公司，該類公司更傾向面臨較高的借貸成本。 / A number of well-known corporate prosecutions have been raised in recent years. Previous literature focuses more on the valuation impact of corporate convictions. Empirical evidence on how corporate convictions affect the contract terms of syndicated loan is sparse. We examine how corporate misconducts affect the pricing of bank debt after corporate convictions. We find that the difference of loan spreads between facilities initiated before and after conviction are insignificant. Taking potential lag of initial announcement time into consideration, we find significant evidence that the effect of corporate conviction is positively associated with the increases of loan spreads. Moreover, interaction terms with conviction variable show that firms with large fines or convicted of fraud-related crimes tend to face higher loan spread after convictions.

The purpose of the research was to establish action steps than can assist the criminal investigator in the processing of information into evidence for prosecution purposes, by focusing on the basic principles of criminal investigation from where information sources could be utilised to their full potential in the search for the truth. The researcher evaluated the current methods that investigators within the SAPS use and read extensively on the topic in international literature sources. The research used an empirical research design because of the limited information available, and a qualitative research approach which enabled real-life observations. Simple random sampling was used to interview 30 experienced investigators each with more than five years experience and purposive sampling was used to identify five expert respondents who had more than 30 years' investigation experience. Data was obtained from their real-life experiences and data was further collected through case studies of case dockets. / Criminology and Security Science / M.Tech. (Forensic investigation)

This study explores the practice of hospitality within the Pauline churches and links this practice with mission. It is theoretically informed by Käsemann’s (1963) emphasis on the unity of the church as “an eschatological datum.” While highlighting faith, Käsemann downplays the role of organization and religious practices. Neither he nor missiological studies deal with the practice of hospitality within this context. Hospitality has been interpreted in the literature primarily as an ethic one should adopt towards strangers. Alternatively, this study interprets it as a ritual-like practice aimed at family, friends and strangers in the context of meal gatherings. The question is whether it served as an instrument of koinonia, a practice aimed to create, maintain and extend the Pauline churches as an open network, without denying the role of kerygma. This enquiry utilizes two methodological approaches to answer this question. First of all, it uses Stark’s (1996) network theory of conversion, in order to provide a framework for hospitality in early Christian mission. Secondly, it uses Bell’s (1992) ritual theory in order to interpret meal fellowship in the Pauline churches. Presupposing that science is a conversation, the relationship between missiology and anthropology is depicted as a conversation, ideally an ongoing conversation. This conversation is possible and potentially coherent because the “basic convictions” of both disciplines, respectively love and power, do not contradict each other. The key contribution of this study is that it shows that several practices in the Pauline churches such as welcoming, foot washing, seating order, distribution of portions, etc. qualify as ritual-like. This finding establishes the ritual-like character of meal fellowship within the Pauline churches. Yet, these practices were found ambiguous. They were not simply an instrument to achieve social integration or the transmission of beliefs. While they set the meal off from daily reality, they did not resolve the tension within the churches. Paul knew that this tension was part of a larger apocalyptic picture, the battle between Christ and Satan. Through ritual-like practice he participated in this battle, employing a “poetics of power” that fostered the church as an open network. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology with specialisation in Urban Ministry)

Orientador: Élcio Trujillo / Banca: Euclides Celso Berardo / Banca: Luiz Antonio Soares Hentz / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir os motivos pelos quais o Estado deve arcar com os prejuízos causados pelo erro judiciário na sentença penal absolutória, já que, a depender da fundamentação dessa decisão judicial, a vítima ficará impossibilitada de pleitear do próprio agente do crime o ressarcimento dos danos causados pelo fato criminoso. Argumenta-se que, se por um lado o processo é instrumento de consecução e aplicação da justiça, não se pode olvidar que a solução dos conflitos intersubjetivos de interesses foram entregues a órgãos integrantes do Estado, personificados nos juízes. Desse modo, a decisão acerca do mérito do processo reside na convicção do julgador. Entretanto, ao contrário do que se pensava, esta não é formada simplesmente por aspectos próprios da pessoa do julgador, mas deriva do somatório das condutas verificadas no decorrer do processo, seja por atividade instrutória própria do juiz, seja pela intervenção das partes da relação jurídica processual. Por isso se afirma que não deve o julgador, jamais, se afastar dos elementos de convicção contidos nos autos. Essa afirmação se justifica, na medida em que o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro adotou a regra do livre convencimento motivado. De fato, existe um princípio implícito na relação jurídica processual, consistente num dever de conduta ética das partes. Contudo, e a despeito da existência do citado princípio, é plenamente possível que as partes venham a se utilizar de condutas que induzam o magistrado a erro, levando, inclusive, à absolvição do réu, quando, no caso, a condenação se impunha. Desse modo, a depender do fundamento da absolvição, nem mesmo poderá ser proposta a ação de reparação civil pelo fato criminoso, restando a vítima, assim, sensivelmente prejudicada. Como o... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This paper is due to discuss why State should assume the responsibility for the losses caused by a false judgment that led to an acquittal, since, depending on the motivation of the sentence, the victim could be unable to suit the criminal for the reparable injuries related to the crime. It is pleaded that, although a law suit is an instrument used to pursue justice, it must not be forgotten that the pacification of the conflicts of interest were ceded to state officers, the judges. So, the decision on the merits lies on the beliefs of the judge. However, in spite of what was considered true, these beliefs are not composed only by personal aspects regarding to the judge, but they arise from a sum of conducts that occur during the proceedings, by the diligence of the judge or by the activity of the parties. That is why it is said that the judge should never disregard the indicia produced during a lawsuit: because, in Brazil, the rule called "free but justified persuasion" is valid. In fact, there is an unwritten principle that guides the relation between the parties - the obligation to behave ethically. However, and despite the existence of the aforementioned principle, it is absolutely possible that the parties behave in such a way that leads the judge to a mistake, which can even cause an erroneous acquittal. In this case, depending on the motivation of the sentence, the reparation suit would not even be possible. The victim would bare, therefore, his losses. As the law in vigor does not bring a solution to this problem, the present paper analyzes a way to guarantee to the victim the right to a reparation lawsuit - otherwise, he would suffer two injuries: the crime itself and the conduct of the parties that guided the judge to an erroneous acquittal. / Mestre

This thesis explores how society can and should compensate those who have been wrongfully convicted after they are exonerated and how we can prevent these mistakes from happening to others in the future. It begins by presenting research on the scope of the problem. Then it suggests possible reforms to the U.S. justice system that would minimize the rate of innocent convictions. Lastly, it takes both a philosophical and political look at what just compensation would entail as well as a variety of state compensation laws.

<p>Rehabilitacija kao pojam u pravu, izuzetno je slojevita i vi&scaron;eznačna. Tako je, jedan od ciljeva ove disertacije upravo sagledavanje upotrebe termina rehabilitacija, prevashodno u krivičnom pravu, uz nastojanje da se instituti koji se isto nazivaju, međusobno uporede i ra&scaron;člane. U tradicionalnom smislu pod rehabilitacijom se podrazumevaju dva instituta koji pripadaju krivičnom materijalnom odnosno krivičnom procesnom pravu, te treća, ne&scaron;to novijeg porekla, rehabilitacija lica osuđenih iz političkih ili ideolo&scaron;kih razloga.</p><p>U disertaciji se obrađuju pitanja pravnih posledica osude, ali i upisa osude u kaznene evidencije, te njihovo brisanje odnosno poni&scaron;tavanje rehabilitacijom. Takođe, radi diferencijacije u odnosu na specijalnu, odvojeno su analizirane redovna i vanredna, kao u teoriji krivičnog prava tradicionalni pojmovi rehabilitacije osnovano, odnosno neosnovano osuđenih lica. Treći i četvrti deo rada posvećeni su specijalnoj rehabilitaciji osuđenih iz političkih ili ideolo&scaron;kih razloga. U trećem delu obrađuju se uporednopravni i međunarodnopravni aspekti specijalne rehabilitacije na evropskom kontinentu, sa kojim na&scaron; pravni sistem uglavnom deli srodnu pravnu tradiciju, ali ovde značajnije od toga, deli i zajedničko istorijsko iskustvo iz perioda totalitarizma. Četvrti deo bavi se specijalnom rehabilitacijom u srpskom pravu, odvojeno posmatrajući re&scaron;enja prvog i drugog zakona o rehabilitaciji. Poslednji deo rada posvećen je upravo istraživanju sudske prakse specijalne rehabilitacije, koje je obuhvatilo ukupno 4.189 re&scaron;enja o specijalnoj rehabilitaciji, koja se odnose na 5.402 lica. Uzorak je obuhvatio re&scaron;enja, sa manjim ili većim odstupanjima, svih sudova na teritoriji Srbije u periodu od 2006. do 2016. godine, obuhvatajući svih deset godina primene dva zakona o specijalnoj rehabilitaciji.</p><p>&Scaron;iri, dru&scaron;tveni značaj zaključaka o rehabilitaciji lica osuđenih iz političkih ili ideolo&scaron;kih razloga ogleda se u činjenici da svi nosioci vlasti moraju imati u vidu da zloupotreba prava u cilju ustanovljavanja vlasti jedne ideologije, ne može biti solidan temelj države. Krivično pravo je moćan mehanizam, ali se upravo zato mora voditi računa kako se koristi, i u kojoj meri je podobno sredstvo za svojevrsnu reviziju istorije. Unapređenjem i pobolj&scaron;avanjem procesa rehabilitacije lica osuđenih iz političkih ili ideolo&scaron;kih razloga suzbija se političko manihejstvo i potencijalno usporava lanac podela u dru&scaron;tvu koje razaraju srpsko nacionalno biće.</p> / <p>Rehabilitation as a legal concept is extremely complex and multifaceted. Consequently, one of the goals of this dissertation is to grasp the meaning of the term rehabilitation, primarily within the criminal law context, and in doing so to try to examine and dissect various legal terms that are often given similar meaning. Traditionally, the rehabilitation refers to two principles of substantive and procedural criminal law, and as the third, to the rehabilitation of a person convicted for political or ideological reasons.<br />In terms, here we makes the distinction between ordinary, extraordinary, and special rehabilitation. The ordinary rehabilitation refers to rehabilitation of justly convicted persons, after certain period of time has lapsed, since the time they have served their punishment, provided they have improved their behavior. The term extraordinary, rehabilitation refers to rehabilitation of person wrongfully convicted or detained.<br />The term special rehabilitation is defined as annulment, based on a special law, of a court or administrative decision that served as a basis for conviction or deprivation of rights of a person for political or ideological reasons, or declaration that a person was deprived of rights without a decision of a state organ. The scope of application of the special rehabilitation is very wide and uncharted. First of all, the very legal nature of this type of rehabilitation is completely undefined, hence, causing considerable confusion among the legal profession, and leaving the general public entirely bemused. A completely distorted impression surrounds rehabilitation of political convicts, not only among general public, but also among the legal profession, and even within academic circles, which is even more dangerous. A wrong image was created, most likely due to rehabilitation of several well-known political convicts that the rehabilitation means to rehabilitate the figure and work, i.e. political activities, of a certain individual. We are of the opinion that a completely wrong perception of the goals, as well as, the possibilities of the special rehabilitation was created and that is fully reflects the fact that the lawmakers where not sure themselves about the legal nature and certain aspects of this special rehabilitation. It seems that jurisprudence, as well as courts desperately need answers to numerous questions concerning this type of rehabilitation, and legal principles associated with it.<br />This dissertation covers issues of legal consequences of conviction, registration of conviction in a person&rsquo;s criminal record, and the expungement or annulment by means of rehabilitation, of such conviction. Also, in order to differentiate special rehabilitation from other types of rehabilitation, we have offered a separate analysis of the ordinary and extraordinary rehabilitation, as the latter two are traditionally associated with rehabilitation of justly and generally wrongfully convicted persons. The third and fourth<br />chapter of this dissertation are dedicated to the special rehabilitation of persons convicted for political and ideological reasons. The third chapter deals with comparative and international law aspects of the special rehabilitation in Europe, since our legal system shares, to a considerable extent, common legal tradition with the rest of the European continent, as well as, a common historic experience of the totalitarian period. In the fourth chapter, we explored the special rehabilitation in the Serbian legal system by providing distinct analysis of norms of the first and the second law on rehabilitation. The final chapters of this dissertation are dedicated to the research of case law dealing with the special rehabilitation. The research covered 4.189 decisions on special rehabilitation that involved 5.402 persons. The research sample included decisions, with minor deviations, from all the courts within the territory of the Republic of Serbia in the period between 2006 and 2016, thereby covering the entire ten-year period of application of two laws regulating special rehabilitation. Each rehabilitation decision was examined based on more than fifty criteria. Consequently, the research provides data, concerning persons seeking rehabilitation, i.e. composition of rehabilitated persons based on various personal criteria; moreover shows the time, place and organ of a political conviction; regulations and specific criminal and other offences on which the conviction rests; criminal sanctions that were used, etc.<br />Wider, social significance of a decision on rehabilitation of a person convicted for political or ideological reasons lies in a fact that all agents entrusted with governmental authority must bear in mind that miscarriage of justice with a purpose of establishing government of a certain ideology does not serve as a solid cornerstone on which the state may be founded. Criminal law is a powerful mechanism, and it is precisely for that reason that it must be used cautiously and to the extent, it is an appropriate mechanism to serve the process of revision of history. By advancing and improving the process of rehabilitation of persons convicted for political and ideological reasons, we curb the political Manichaeism and potentially slow down the process of division that is eroding the Serbian society.</p>

This qualitative multiple-case study sought to provide an in-depth understanding of how children living in broken families-due to the wrongful conviction of parent(s)-developed psychosocial issues. The theoretical frameworks applied to this study were the social learning theory, the social control theory, the role-modeling theory, and the general theory of crime. A purposeful sample of 13 adults who were children at the time of their parents’ wrongful incarceration were drawn for phone and in-person interviews. The data were transcribed and analyzed to code, sort, and organize; to analyze connections in the information, and to compare and contrast cases. The multiple-case study data were analyzed using 1st and 2nd cycle coding. Among the 10 themes identified in this study were these 5: family structure and activities, behavioral issues associated with the wrongful conviction of their parents, wrongful conviction effects on education, mental health impacts of a parental wrongful conviction on left-behind children and bullying in school and at home. This implications for positive social change are that the findings raise awareness of the psychosocial issues experienced by children whose parent(s) were wrongfully imprisoned for government officials, community leaders, policymakers, and justice reform advocates who can use them to implement programs to provide psychosocial assistance to all children of incarcerated parents.