Ecuador was ‘refounded’ at the turn of the 21st century, with the articulation of progressive and inclusive ideals in a new Constitution. Social movements and leftist intellectuals in Ecuador have expressed that president Rafael Correa has failed to uphold the 2008 Constitution’s goals and values. President Correa and his Alianza PAIS government have utilized the rhetoric of the revolutionary ideals articulated in the Constitution, but in practice, they have continued to implement the status quo Western development model, and a large part of their development strategy involves ‘neo-extractive’ activities. Hydroelectric energy production is contributing to the ‘neo-extractive’ development model in Ecuador, and its implementation has often violated Constitutional rights. This thesis is an analysis of natural resource extraction in Ecuador and its social repercussions, with a focus on hydroelectric energy production. It is shown that the hydroelectric industry in Ecuador is not as “clean,” sustainable, or non-extractive as it is purported to be, through a case study of the San José del Tambo hydroelectric project and the exploration of an international support for hydroelectric extractivism, the United Nations Clean Development Mechanism, and its misleading framing of extractive projects as “sustainable development.” Social movements in Ecuador are acting to reverse the perversion of their originally revolutionary ideals, and to implement a post-extractive model informed by those revolutionary ideals.

Ecuador was ‘refounded’ at the turn of the 21st century, with the articulation of progressive and inclusive ideals in a new Constitution. Social movements and leftist intellectuals in Ecuador have expressed that president Rafael Correa has failed to uphold the 2008 Constitution’s goals and values. President Correa and his Alianza PAIS government have utilized the rhetoric of the revolutionary ideals articulated in the Constitution, but in practice, they have continued to implement the status quo Western development model, and a large part of their development strategy involves ‘neo-extractive’ activities. Hydroelectric energy production is contributing to the ‘neo-extractive’ development model in Ecuador, and its implementation has often violated Constitutional rights. This thesis is an analysis of natural resource extraction in Ecuador and its social repercussions, with a focus on hydroelectric energy production. It is shown that the hydroelectric industry in Ecuador is not as “clean,” sustainable, or non-extractive as it is purported to be, through a case study of the San José del Tambo hydroelectric project and the exploration of an international support for hydroelectric extractivism, the United Nations Clean Development Mechanism, and its misleading framing of extractive projects as “sustainable development.” Social movements in Ecuador are acting to reverse the perversion of their originally revolutionary ideals, and to implement a post-extractive model informed by those revolutionary ideals.

The following study provides a critical interpretation of the ten years’ administration of Rafael Correa in Ecuador. The main goal is to comprehend to which extent structural transformations were achieved during his period in power and what lessons can be drawn in order to conceptualize strategies for the complete emancipation of Latin America.

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Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht darin, den Wert der nonverbalen Ausdrucksmittel für einen erfolgreichen Kommunikationsverlauf zu verdeutlichen und aufzuzeigen, welche Rolle Geschlecht und soziale Hierarchie in der nonverbalen Kommunikation spielen und in welchem Maße sie eine Interaktion beeinflussen können. Als Untersuchungsgegenstand fungiert das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado, wobei der Fokus auf den Faktoren Geschlecht und soziale Hierarchie und deren Ausdruck in der nonverbalen Kommunikation liegt. Die Durchführung der Untersuchung erfolgt anhand des medial inszenierten Abbildes von Rafael Correa, das ihn in einer diskursiven Beziehung darstellt, d.h. Aufzeichnungen politischer Debatten und Interviews, die auf internationaler Ebene stattgefunden haben. Bei der Auswahl des Untersuchungsgegenstandes wird Wert auf Verschiedenheit der Konstellationen der Interaktionspartner (Status und Geschlecht) gelegt, um einen Vergleich des nonverbalen Verhaltens zu ermöglichen. Es ergeben sich für die vorliegende Arbeit folgende Hauptfragen, die es mit Hilfe der Untersuchung zu beantworten gilt: Inwieweit spiegelt das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa in einer Interaktion seine soziale Hierarchie wider und weist geschlechtsspezifische Züge auf? Variiert je nach sozialer Hierarchie und Geschlecht seiner Interaktionspartner das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa in einer Interaktion? Im Rahmen dieser Fragestellung ergeben sich ferner folgende Nebenfragen: In welcher Beziehung steht das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa zum verbalen Verhalten? Harmonieren diese zwei Ebenen miteinander, ergänzen sie sich oder widersprechen sie sich? Inwieweit zeigt sich die kulturelle Prägung im nonverbalen Verhalten Rafael Correas? Die Auswertung des nonverbalen Verhaltens Rafael Correas in asymmetrischer und in symmetrischer Beziehung macht deutlich, dass sowohl das Geschlecht als auch die soziale Hierarchie der Interaktionspartner Einfluss auf den Charakter und den möglichen Verlauf einer Interaktion nehmen. Anhand des Vergleichs des nonverbalen Verhaltens Correas in verschiedenen Konstellationen wird deutlich, dass das nonverbale Verhalten des Präsidenten von der sozialen Hierarchie und dem Geschlecht seiner Interaktionspartner nicht abhängig ist und somit nicht variiert. Die verbale und nonverbale Ebene ergänzen sich und weisen keine Widersprüchlichkeit auf. Es sind nur wenige kulturspezifische Verhaltensweisen des Präsidenten zu beobachten.

Since the first years of the 21st century, the Ecuadorian indigenous movement, classified as the most overwhelming social actor since its emergence in the mid 1980s, finds itself in crises, with its principal organizations marked by tensions and conflicts. With a departure in the fragmentation of the indigenous movement, the context of the study is the impact of issues related to the concepts of class and ethnicity. In order to achieve a deeper understanding of the topic, the approach is based on a comparative study of different historical periods. The theoretical part of the study mainly focuses on analysing the concept of social movement in relation to indigenous movement. By comparing different periods, the study seeks to demonstrate that the inter-relationship between class and ethnicity has changed due to the context. For example, the revival of once-impotent leftist parties and movements has altered the relations of power and the incentives that strucktured past linkages between the indigenous movement and the political left. Thus, due to the meteoric rise of Rafael Correa and his radical political project, the indigenous movement is confronted with a new kind of challenge. In this context, the concepts of plurinationality and interculturality have emerged and further polarized the positions both between the left and the indigenous movement and between the two indigenous organizations: CONAIE and FENOCIN. In light of these aspects, the ambition of this study is to emphasize the importance of highlightning the concepts of class and ethnicity, when analysing the cause of the current fragmentation of the indigenous movement in Ecuador.

[pt] A presente pesquisa analisa criticamente os espetáculos Ham-let, dirigido por José Celso Martinez Corrêa, e Ensaio.Hamlet, dirigido por Enrique Diaz. Reflete sobre os diferentes modos como essas duas montagens transformam e reatualizam o clássico de Shakespeare, no contexto do chamado teatro pós-dramático, favorável a obras fragmentárias, híbridas, abertas a pesquisas de novas linguagens e interferências performáticas. A referência teórica principal da pesquisa é o pensamento de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, com ênfase nas reflexões que estes desenvolveram acerca das relações entre arte e devir. Sustenta-se que as duas encenações instanciam de formas distintas o expediente de minoração de obras maiores, assim como descrito por Deleuze em obra sobre a dramaturgia de Carmelo Bene. Além de apresentar e discutir convergências e divergências nas estratégias de minoração adotadas nas duas encenações, esta dissertação inclui também uma exploração pontual dos lugares ocupados em cada caso pela personagem Ofélia, partindo da hipótese de que esta pode ser produtivamente tomada como força de minoração atuante já própria na peça de Shakespeare. O conceito de tradução enquanto transcriação, do poeta e ensaísta brasileiro Haroldo de Campos, e o conceito de ensaio, do filósofo alemão Theodor Adorno, são também referenciais teóricos utilizados na pesquisa. / [en] This dissertation critically analyzes two dramatic works: Ham-let, directed by José Celso Martinez Corrêa, and Ensaio.Hamlet, directed by Enrique Diaz. It reflects about the different ways in which these two plays transform and renovate the Shakespeare s classic in the context of the so-called Postdramatic theater, a milieu that favors fragmentary, hybrid works, open to the research of new languages and to performing interferences. The main theoretical framework is the thought of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, emphasizing the reflections they developed on the relationship between art and becoming. It is argued that the two stagings instantiate, in different ways, the procedure of minoring a major work, such as described by Deleuze in his work on the dramaturgy of Carmelo Bene. In addition to presenting and discussing general convergences and differences in the strategies of minoration adopted by the two directors, this dissertation also includes a specific address to the places occupied by Ophelia in each case, assuming that this character can be productively taken as a force of minoration already at work in Shakespeare s play. The concept of translation as trancreation, from Brazilian poet and essayist Haroldo de Campos, and the concept of essay, from German philosopher Theodor Adorno, are also theoretical references used in the research.

Orientador: Eliane Moura da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T17:43:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RigoloFilho_Pedro_M.pdf: 6453348 bytes, checksum: 36c4d82805e14d6ba98083620689580a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Sob a perspectiva da História Cultural, esta dissertação analisa algumas práticas de leitura realizadas sobre o movimento da romanização brasileira, especialmente na diocese de Campinas, sob o governo pastoral de D. João Batista Correa Nery, entre os anos de 1908 a 1920. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender aquele contexto através das práticas sociais e religiosas daquele bispo. Ela procura demonstrar que, na busca em se criar uma cultura católica capaz de tomar o país uma nação católica, as práticas sociais e discursivas do episcopado brasileiro foram motivadas por preceptivas religiosas, especialmente a doutrina sacramental que interpreta a Igreja como um sinal de Deus no mundo. Desta forma, o episcopado e, em especial, D. Nery promoveu a visibilidade da Igreja através de diversos empreendimentos materiais, da renovação litúrgica e espiritual, estimulando assim, a sensibilidade religiosa e a materialidade da fé. De vital importância para a romanização foi a propagação da doutrina católica através de material impresso. Conclui-se que esta cultura religiosa garantiu, simultaneamente, o sucesso das reformas internas que, progressivamente,. aconteceram na Instituição e das articulações políticas realizadas junto a diversos segmentos da sociedade brasileira / Abstract: Under the perspective of the Cultural History, this dissertation analyzes some practices of reading made on the movement of the Brazilian romanization, especia1ly, in the Campinas' diocese, under the D. João Batista Correa Nery' pastoral govemment, between 1908 and 1920. The aim of this study is to understand this historical context through the social and religious practices of this bishop. This study demonstrates that, in the search of creating a Catholic culture capable of transforming Brazil into a Catholic nation, the social and discursive practices of the Brazilian episcopacy were motivated by religious precepts, particularly, the sacramental doctrine that interprets the Church as a sign of God in the world. In doing so, the episcopacy and, especia1ly, D. Nery, promoted the visibility of the Church through liturgical and spiritual renewal, introducing new elements in order to stimulate the religious sensibility and the materiality of faith. A crucial aspect for the romanization was the propagation of the Catholic doctrine through printed material. In conc1usion, this religious culture guaranteed the success of both the internal reforms, which happened, progressively, in the Catholic institution, and the political articulations made by Catholic Church with different segments of Brazilian society / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História

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This dissertation examines two controversies involving paintings of the female nude by artists Debora Arango and Carlos Correa during a period of political crisis in Bogota (Colombia) in order to open the political to cultural analysis and thus shed light on scenarios of change in the 1930s and 1940s. Unpacking the controversies lends insight into the unique ways in which modernity, the body, its representations, sexuality, gender and politics came together in Colombia during this period. Such an approach also shows that modernity in Colombia involved shifts in religious and secular frames of sense-making and morality. This dissertation argues that the controversies and the female nudes provide a window into the Liberal regime's creation of culture as an autonomous sphere as part of its cultural program, which bridged high and popular culture, as well as on aspects of private life concerned with sexuality and gender. It shows how such changes registered in the lives of the artists and how the artists translated the changes they experienced into modes of pictorial expression. This dissertation argues that the demands of the aesthetic and the demands of politics during this period pressed on each other, resulting in the wide-spread perception of moral breach that came to a head in the "scandals of the female nudes." This dissertation thus sheds light on dimensions of both the political and the private during this period. / Because art and politics were thus entangled, this dissertation shows that, in this particular Colombian modernity, society was not polarized, that the private and the private overlapped, that issues of intimacy surfaced in the public realm, and that Catholicism was the idiom shared by men and women who were grappling with change. It shows that the cultural program of the Liberal regime was the immediate referent for criticism in these events and, through it, of the Liberal regime's reforms of education of 1934 and 1936. Finally, it shows that this modernity and its attendant anxieties were played out through the body in the public and the private realms, within, not against, the Catholic tradition, in unprecedented ways. This thesis demonstrates that politics and issues of sexuality and gender were entangled in the public sphere and converged in the female nudes, turning them into a major threat to morality within both religious and secular frameworks. By unpacking the controversies, this dissertation marks a seminal break with historical accounts that describe Colombia's as a failed modernity, its society as polarized, and debates over sexuality and gender as the product of politics. This dissertation also contradicts art historical writings that account for the production of images and the reception of art in this period solely in political terms.