As escavações subterrâneas têm estado sempre afetadas pelas condições dos maciços, os quais apresentam diferentes características e comportamentos frente a deformações ocasionadas após a escavação de uma galeria ou túnel. Em virtude disto, torna-se necessário uma análise dos parâmetros que permitam estabelecer as condições de segurança do túnel e propõe-se o uso de um sistema estéreo de rastreamento ótico para analisar o deslocamento de artefatos (conjunto de marcadores) instalados sobre o contorno das faces do túnel, a fim de detectarem-se deslocamentos do maciço em pontos estabelecidos com precisão menor a ±1 mm. O sistema proposto opera na região espectral do infravermelho, permitindo assim uma operação em ambientes com baixa luminosidade e com inserção de ruído ótico. Adicionalmente o trabalho inclui resultados de validação e desenvolvimento do sistema de visão estéreo baixo condições de dois cenários de diferente volume espacial, assim como o procedimento realizado para a calibração dos parâmetros intrínsecos e extrínsecos dos sensores do sistema (câmeras monocromáticas). Os resultados obtidos apresentam uma precisão de ±0,1881 mm para artefatos com três marcadores e uma precisão de ±0,4952 para artefatos com quatro marcadores. Finalmente, o sistema opera com uma sensibilidade de 0,99 mm na determinação da posição de um artefato associado a um ponto do perfil do túnel, e desta forma, podem-se definir as condições de estabilidade do maciço rochoso e os requisitos para auxilio as decisões de métodos de tratamento e aumento da segurança. / Underground excavations have always been affected by the conditions of mass, which have different characteristics and behaviors against deformation caused after excavation of a gallery or tunnel. Because of this, it is necessary an analysis of the parameters needed to establish the safety conditions of the tunnel and it is proposed the use of a stereo optical tracking to analyze the displacement of artifacts (set of markers) installed on the contour of tunnels’ faces in order to detect displacements of the mass points established with a precision lower than ±1 mm. This system operates in the infrared spectral region to take advantage of the low light and reduce the optical noise in environments with grace. Further work includes validation results and development of low stereo vision conditions of two different scenarios spatial volume, as well as the procedure carried out to calibrate the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the system sensors (monochrome camera) system. The results show an accuracy of ± 0,1881 mm for artifacts with three markers and an accuracy of ± 0,4952 for artifacts with four markers. Finally, the system operates with a sensitivity of 0,99 mm in the determination of an artifact associated with a point in the tunnel profile position, and thus, one can define the conditions for stability of the rock mass and assistance requirements for the decisions of treatment methods and increased.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-06T12:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Wilaman Fernandes de Souza.pdf: 1099728 bytes, checksum: 88b2eebe84ca04c247575d378727a291 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T12:10:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Wilaman Fernandes de Souza.pdf: 1099728 bytes, checksum: 88b2eebe84ca04c247575d378727a291 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-22 / CAPEs / Este trabalho apresenta a estimação de persistência intergeracional de renda para a Região Metropolitana de Recife (RMR) em 1996 e 2010. Através de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra de Domicílio (PNAD) e da Fundação Joaquim Nabuco - Fundaj e com aplicação da técnica de variáveis instrumentais em duas amostras, estimou-se a renda dos pais através de três conjuntos de instrumentos e para três conceitos de renda: renda da ocupação principal, renda de todas as ocupações e renda familiar. Verificou-se que a persistência intergeracional de renda na RMR estimada através da renda familiar é mais elevada do que a registrada pelos outros dois conceitos de renda, assim como, as estimações realizadas através da ocupação como instrumento, apresentam maior mobilidade. A persistência de renda estimada para 1996 é bastante elevada, em torno de 0,66 tendo praticamente o mesmo nível registrado para o Brasil. Já a persistência estimada em 2010 é de 0,39, apontaram para uma elevação considerável na mobilidade de renda nas últimas duas décadas na RMR, apesar de ainda ser considerada elevada em relação ao registrado em países desenvolvidos. Para verificar a correlação entre as várias características familiares que podem influenciar a mobilidade entre gerações utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Correspondência (AC), tal técnica avalia a associação entre categorias de linhas e colunas. Sendo ideal para uma análise qualitativa de mobilidade intergeracional. Por fim, os resultados encontrados através da análise de correspondência mostram que a educação é o principal instrumento influenciador da mobilidade no Brasil. / This paper presents the estimation of intergenerational persistence of income for the Metropolitan Region of Recife (RMR) in 1996 and 2010. Through data from the National Survey of Household Sampling (PNAD) and Joaquin Nabuco Foundation - Fundaj and technique of application instrumental variables in two samples, it estimated the income of parents through three sets of instruments and three concepts of income: income from main occupation, income of all occupations and family income. It was found that the intergenerational persistence of income in the estimated RMR by family income is higher than that recorded by the other two concepts of income, as well as the estimates made by the occupation as an instrument, have greater mobility. The persistence of estimated income for 1996 is quite high, around 0.66 having almost the same level as for Brazil. Already persistence estimated in 2010 is 0.39, pointed to a considerable increase in income mobility in the past two decades in RMR, although still considered high compared to that recorded in developed countries. To verify the correlation between the various family characteristics that may influence the mobility between generations used the Correspondence Analysis technique (AC), this technique evaluates the association between line categories and columns. Ideal for a qualitative analysis of intergenerational mobility. Finally, the results found by correspondence analysis shows that education is the main influencer instrument of mobility in Brazil.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO ELDA CASSIA DE LIMA 2010.pdf: 561395 bytes, checksum: d81220e6450f222d1aba14ace3f6cc46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-04 / The priests of the Society of Jesus arrived in Portuguese America in 1549. Arrived imbued with the idea of to convert souls who inhabited this region to Christianity. For the fulfill this mission, a long way would have to be traversed: the "sins", assimilated the customs of the autochthonous would have to be extinct and evil (identified in the figure of the devil who had migrated to the continent "newly discovered") excised. For analysis and critique of this process we will use of the epistolary José de Anchieta, pointing that, besides engaging in missionary work, the priests could not neglect the maintenance of the correspondence that took the information about the new world to Europe. The letters contained more than news regarding the situation of the Company in the Portuguese colony, were detailed accounts of the peculiarities and "oddities" of this new world and its beings, thus serving as a parameter to classify the Amerindian otherness and construction of the images would be outlined about this strange world to the Europeans and thus considered inferior. In this sense, the Jesuits classifiers can be considered agents of otherness, to the extent, they were pioneers in describing these beings stressing its negative aspects. The epistolary Anchietano is full of prejudices and the priest did not inhibit in pointing out what he regards as "defects" of the Americas: cannibalism, drinking, singing, parties, polygamy, nudity costumes are listed as heinous sins. Thus the legitimizing discourse of overseas enterprise is reinforced by the writings of the Jesuits who considered the urgent removal of these evils through preaching the message of the cross. / Os padres da Companhia de Jesus aportaram na América portuguesa em 1549. Chegaram imbuídos da idéia de converter as almas que habitavam essa região ao cristianismo. Para cumprirem com essa missão, um longo caminho teria que ser percorrido: os pecados , assimilados aos costumes dos autóctones teriam que ser extintos e o mal (identificado na figura do demônio que teria migrado para o continente recém-descoberto ) extirpado. Para análise e crítica de tal processo faremos uso do epistolário de José de Anchieta, apontando que, além de se dedicarem à obra missionária, os padres não podiam descuidar da manutenção da correspondência que levava as informações acerca do novo mundo à Europa. As missivas continham mais do que notícias concernentes a situação da Companhia na colônia portuguesa, eram relatos pormenorizados das particularidades e estranhezas desse novo mundo e seus seres, servindo assim como parâmetro para se classificar a alteridade ameríndia e para construção das imagens que seriam delineadas acerca desse mundo estranho aos europeus e por isso considerado inferior. Nesse sentido, os jesuítas podem ser considerados agentes classificadores da alteridade, na medida, em que foram os pioneiros em descrever esses seres ressaltando seus aspectos negativos. O epistolário anchietano é prenhe de preconceitos e o padre não se inibe em apontar o que ele considera como defeitos dos ameríndios: antropofagia, bebedeiras, cantos, festas, poligamia, nudez são costumes arrolados como nefandos pecados. Dessa forma o discurso legitimador da empresa ultramarina é reforçado pelos escritos dos jesuítas que consideravam urgente a extirpação desses males através da pregação da mensagem da cruz.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Neste trabalho, estudamos numericamente a formaÃÃo e a dinÃmica de defeitos topolÃgicos do tipo parede de domÃnio em superfluidos em um modelo (3+1)-dimensional do tipo Maxwell-Higgs abeliano, no contexto da correspondÃncia AdS/CFT. Obtemos os propagadores bulk-fronteira, assim como as funÃÃes de correlaÃÃo na fronteira, para um campo escalar nos casos massivo e nÃo-massivo. Se impusermos que os campos dependem apenas da coordenada radial no bulk e de uma coordenada na fronteira, conseguimos obter na teoria dual as soluÃÃes do tipo parede de domÃnio encontradas na literatura. A partir dessas soluÃÃes, estudamos suas propriedades, verificando que o superfluido à caracterizado por duas escalas de comprimento, uma para o parÃmetro de ordem e outra para a densidade de carga. Estudamos tambÃm a variaÃÃo da densidade de carga na regiÃo prÃxima à interface do defeito, e por fim, investigamos as modificaÃÃes necessÃrias na teoria para se estudar a dinÃmica dessas soluÃÃes. / We numerically study the formation and dynamics of domain-wall-like topological defects in superfluids, using a (3+1)-dimensional abelian Maxwell-Higgs model, under the AdS/CFT correspondence. We obtain the bulk-boundary propagators, as well as the correlation functions on the boundary for a scalar field, both in massive and non-massive cases. If we impose that the fields depends only on a boundary coordinate and the bulk radial coordinate, we obtain in the dual theory the domain wall solutions found in literature. From these solutions we found that the superfluid is characterized by two length scales, one for the order parameter and other for the charge density. We also study the change of charge density in the region near the interface of the defect, and finally we investigate the modifications needed in theory to study the dynamics of these solutions.

Esta tese é um estudo de estabilidade de modos quasinormais em um sistema que apresenta uma mudança de estabilidade ao variar continuamente os parâmetros físicos de um buraco negro. A mudança de estabilidade encontrada possui interpretações na correspondência AdS/CFT. A ferramenta principal utilizada neste trabalho para o cálculo de modos quasinormais foram métodos numéricos que podem ser utilizados em inúmeros trabalhos desta área de pesquisa, especialmente por não dependerem de suposições de simetria ou de comportamento conveniente do sistema físico. / This thesis is a study of stability of quasinormal modes in a system featuring a stability change if one continuously varies the physical parameters of a black hole. The stability change thus found has some possible interpretations in the AdS/CFT correspondence. The main tool used in this study for calculating quasinormal modes are numerical methods that can be used in numerous works in this area of research, especially because they do not depend on assumptions of symmetry or any convenient behavior of the physical system.

Tradução comentada da correspondência entre Henry James (Nova York, 1843 Londres, 1916) e Robert Louis Stevenson (Edimburgo, 1850 Samoa, 1894), inédita em português. A correspondência começou em dezembro de 1884, e se estendeu por uma década. As cartas revelam uma amizade algo improvável entre dois escritores muito diferentes, e um interesse compartilhado pela arte da ficção. O material analisado joga luz sobre uma discussão importante acerca da literatura em um momento decisivo, à véspera das transformações por que passaria no início do século XX. O ensaio introdutório visa reconstituir o curso dessa discussão e apontar algumas de suas implicações. / Annotated translation of the correspondence between Henry James (New York, 1843 London, 1916) and Robert Louis Stevenson (Edinburg, 1850 Samoa, 1894), unpublished in Portuguese. The correspondence began in December 1884 and lasted for a decade. The letters reveal an unlikely friendship between two very different writers and a shared concern for the art of fiction. The material examined sheds light on an important discussion about literature at a decisive moment, on the eve of the transformations that it was to undergo at the beginning of the twentieth century. The introductory essay seeks to recreate the course of this discussion and point some of its implications.

Criação de arquivo epistolar do neurofisiologista Miguel Rolando Covian: Um registro histórico-contextual. 2013. Dissertação (Mestrado) Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. Eneida Nogueira Damasceno - Departamento de Psicologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - USP - SP Marina Massimi (orientadora) - Departamento de Psicologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - USP - SP Miguel Rolando Covian (1913-1992) foi um neurofisiologista argentino, discípulo de Bernardo Houssay, que chegou ao Brasil em 1955 para dirigir o Departamento de Fisiologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. À frente deste Departamento, projetou-o como um dos mais renomados centros de investigação científica da América Latina, elevou-o a um reconhecimento de nível internacional, um centro de excelência em pesquisa no Brasil e no mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho é organizar e catalogar a correspondência epistolar e institucional do Professor Doutor Miguel Rolando Covian. Essa correspondência, contendo um total de 1.546 cartas, foi encontrada na sala de Covian depois de sua morte e guardada. A realização desta pesquisa levou-nos à descoberta de um testamento, deixado por Covian revelando sua vontade de que o material pertencesse à Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto após sua morte. Este trabalho consiste em: 1) classificar e organizar por assunto tal correspondência, de modo a assegurar sua conservação e preservação enquanto documentos históricos ainda protegidos pela Legislação Federal, cuja acessibilidade estará a cargo da instituição que a guarda. 2) Evidenciar a variedade de assuntos contidos nestas missivas, concernentes a diversas áreas do conhecimento humano, principalmente as relativas à História das Ciências, com destaque para a História da Psicologia, da Medicina e da Educação. Isso nos leva a contribuir para a pesquisa disponibilizando fontes primárias devidamente classificadas, catalogadas e preservadas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, na qual se utilizou o método descritivo, sendo a narrativa o estilo da escrita. A escolha do modo narrativo é justificada pelo fato de permitir uma amplitude de informações que não seria possível em uma descrição pontual. Essa opção nos levou a um cuidado com a fidelidade da narração, de forma que a transposição da linguagem não alterasse significativamente a forma original do diálogo contido nas cartas. No decorrer do trabalho observou-se a necessidade de oferecer uma síntese do contexto histórico do período no qual se deu essa correspondência (1955-1985), para este fim procedeu-se a uma pesquisa com a utilização do método histórico, que resultou em capítulos contendo sínteses contextuais relevantes para o entendimento do conteúdo das missivas, assim como uma breve biografia de Covian e outra de seu mestre Bernardo Houssay, a pessoa com quem ele mais se correspondia. Considerando que a correspondência de Miguel Rolando Covian está sendo entregue higienizada, organizada e catalogada, como base para sua preservação; que a descrição em forma de narrativa dos assuntos contidos sinaliza particularidades de acontecimentos relatados, bem como sentimentos e emoções demonstradas nos textos originais; que as apresentações biográficas e a contextualização apresentam o universo relatado nas correspondências e que este material encontra-se agora passível de ser arquivado, preservado e disponibilizado de acordo com as regras estipuladas pela Legislação vigente e pela instituição que o guarda, concluímos que nossos objetivos foram alcançados. / Miguel Rolando Covian (1913-1992) was an argentine neurophysiologist, disciple of Bernardo Houssay, that came to Brazil in 1955, in order to direct the Department of Physiology of Ribeirão Preto\'s Faculty of Medicine. Ahead of this department, he projected it as one of the most distinguished centers of scientific investigation of Latin America, rising it to a international level of acknowledgment, an excellence research center in Brazil and in the rest of the world. The aim of this work is to organize and catalog Professor Miguel Rolando Covian PhD\'s epistolary and institutional correspondence. These letters, of a total of 1546, were found in Covian\'s office after his death and they were preserved. The attainment of this research led us to the discovery of a testament, let by Covian, revealing his will that the material would belong to Ribeirão Preto\'s Faculty of Medicine after his death. The present work consists in: 1) to classify and to organize by subject such correspondence, to assure its conservation and preservation as historical documents yet protected by the Federal Law, reiterating its accessibility to the post of the custody institution. 2)To point out the variety of subjects in this letters, concerning to many areas of human knowledge, specially relating to the History of Sciences, emphasizing the History of Psychology, Medicine and Educational School. That led us to contribute to researches making primary sources available, properly classified, cataloged and preserved. This is a documental research, in which we used the descriptive method, being the narrative the style of writing. The choice of narrative mode is justified by the fact that it allows an amplitude of information that wouldn\'t be possible with a punctual description. This option led us to handle carefully and be faithful to the narratives, in a way that the transposition of the language wouldn\'t alter significantly the original shape of the dialogs in the letters. In the progress of the work, we observed the need to offer a synthesis of the historical context in which the correspondence took place (1955-1985). For such an aim, we proceeded with the utilization of the historical method, which resulted in chapters containing contextual synthesis relevant to the understanding of the matter of those letters, as well as a brief biography of Covian\'s and another of his master Bernardo Houssay, the person with which he mostly wrote to. Considering that Miguel Covian\'s correspondence is being hygienized, organized and cataloged, for its preservation; the description in the shape of narrative of the subjects in the letters signalizes particularities of stated happenings, as well as feelings and emotions demonstrated in the original texts; the biographical presentations and contextualization presents the universe stated in the letters and that this material is now proper to be filed, preserved and available according to the rules prescribed by the present Legislation and by the institution that holds this correspondence, we conclude that our goals were reached.

Esta tese parte da função substantiva da Filologia ao realizar a transcrição semidiplomática de cem documentos oficiais setecentistas chancelados no período de 1765 a 1775. Esse conjunto contempla exemplares da documentação administrativa ascendente (ativa) e descendente (passiva) do Governador e Capitão-General da capitania de São Paulo, o Morgado de Mateus. O Morgado de Mateus é ora autor, ora interlocutor da Coroa Portuguesa, personificada na autoridade superior do Rei Dom José, que é representado pelo ministro do Reino, o Conde de Oeiras (posteriormente, Marquês de Pombal) e por dois secretários do Reino, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado e Martinho de Melo e Castro. Com base nas funções filológica, adjetiva e transcendente, analisam-se os documentos do corpus com o apoio das ciências auxiliares da Filologia: a Codicologia, a Crítica Textual, a Diplomática e a Paleografia. A partir dessas abordagens, retratam-se padrões de diferenciação de ordem codicológica, diplomática e paleográfica entre os documentos ativos e os passivos. A oposição entre documentos ativos e passivos (ou ascendentes e descendentes) também se estabelece em nível textual. Para a identificação de diferentes padrões discursivos no corpus, partimos de pressupostos da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (LSF), prescrita por Halliday e Matthiessen (2004), que considera a língua como uma rede de sistemas capaz de produzir significados de acordo com o contexto em que é utilizada. A língua, concebida como um sistema aberto e dinâmico orientado para a ação e para a reflexão, é empregada tanto para construir e comunicar as experiências humanas quanto para a negociação das relações interpessoais envolvidas na comunicação, cumprindo as duas metafunções ideacional e interpessoal. Complementar a elas, a metafunção textual seria a codificação dos textos, como processos de significação da língua, produzidos em relação a um dado contexto de ordem situacional e sociocultural. A importância atribuída ao contexto pela LSF acrescenta o viés da contextualização histórica às análises da construção e da estruturação discursivo-textual do corpus. Em tais análises destaca-se a metafunção interpessoal por meio das marcas linguísticas indicativas de valoração. Por conta desses destaques, adota-se a Teoria da Avaliatividade postulada por Martin e White (2005). Dessa forma, apoiadas as análises em pressupostos teórico-metodológicos que permitem um refinamento analítico nos subsistemas da Atitude, da Gradação e do Engajamento, reiteraram-se as distinções entre os eixos ascendente e descendente do corpus. Para aprofundar as análises, classificaram-se os documentos, tendo-se em vista o tipo de negociação intersubjetiva almejado. Em acréscimo ao levantamento dos recursos avaliativos pelos quais se vislumbram aspectos da intersubjetividade e da ideologia em voga, mapeiam-se as fórmulas inerentes à documentação oficial administrativa. A associação das perspectivas filológica e discursiva adotadas visam a comprovar a hipótese central desta tese, que é a seguinte: a correspondência oficial analisada apresenta diferentes padrões filológicos e discursivos, condicionados por fatores socioculturais e linguísticos que incidem sobre quem escreve e sobre quem controla a escrita desses documentos. / This doctoral dissertation deals with the substantive function of Philology by performing the semidiplomatic transcription of 100 eighteenth-century official documents registered by the chancelleries within the period from 1765 to 1775. This range of official handwritten documents covers examples of the administrative documentation as much the ascendant type (active) as the descendant type (passive) of the governor and captain-general of the captaincy of São Paulo, the Morgado de Mateus. The Morgado de Mateus figures as the author in the active documents and in the passive ones as the interlocutor of the Portuguese Kingdom, which is personified by the superior authority of the King Joseph I. The king is represented by the minister of the Kingdom, the Count of Oeiras (posteriorly, the Marquis of Pombal) and its two secretaries, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado and Martinho de Melo e Castro. The analysis of the corpus is developed on the basis of the philological, adjective and transcendent functions and supported by the light of auxiliary sciences of Philology: the Codicology, the Textual Criticism, the Diplomatic and the Paleography. Patterns of differentiation of codicologic, diplomatic and paleographic order depict from this sort of approach among the active and passive documents. The opposition between the active and the passive documents (or ascendant and descendant) is also established at the discursive level. The main theoretical premises behind the attempt of identifying different discursive patterns from the corpus are those of the Systemic-Functional Linguistic shared by Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), which consider the language as a web of systems capable of producing significance according to the context in which it is used. The language assumed as an open and dynamic system oriented to the acting and the thinking is employed as much in order to build and communicate human experiences as to negotiate interpersonal relationships involved in communication, accomplishing both metafunctions, ideational and interpersonal. The textual metafunction, as a complement to these, is to be the codification of the texts, as processes of significance in language produced in relation to a given context of situational and sociocultural order. The importance attached to the context by the Systemic-Functional Linguistic designs the lines of historical contextualization to the analysis of the discursive-textual construction and structuring of the corpus. On these grounds, the analysis evidences the interpersonal metafunction by means of the linguistics marks indicating valuation. This study adopts the Appraisal Theory postulated by Martin and White (2005) for the reason of these evidences. In this way, analysis based on theoretic-methodological premises that allow the analytical refining of the subsystems of Attitude, Graduation and Engagement reaffirmed the distinctiveness between the ascendant and the descendant axles of the corpus. Aiming the deepening of the present studies, the documents are classified according to the type of intersubjective negotiation targeted. In addition to the collecting of evaluative resources, by which we envisioned some aspects of the trending intersubjectivity and ideology, this work presents a mapping of the formula inherent to the administrative official documentation. From the outcome of our investigation, carried out through the association of the philological and the discursive perspective, it is provided confirmatory evidence to prove the central hypothesis of this work: the official correspondence analyzed demonstrates the existence of different philological and discursive patterns that are conditioned by factors from sociocultural and linguistic order affecting who writes the documents and also who controls the writing of these sort of papers.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-04T15:40:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 danielecristinapalazzi.pdf: 10986138 bytes, checksum: 0dc14af800b34e649fec5c397c87cc25 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T13:31:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 danielecristinapalazzi.pdf: 10986138 bytes, checksum: 0dc14af800b34e649fec5c397c87cc25 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T13:31:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 danielecristinapalazzi.pdf: 10986138 bytes, checksum: 0dc14af800b34e649fec5c397c87cc25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A utilização de ontologias em sistemas computacionais tem se tornando cada vez mais importante e difundida. Entretanto, por ser uma área em constante evolução, não existem modelos de processo de Engenharia Ontológica consolidados para a construção de uma ontologia. O uso de um processo de desenvolvimento torna esta tarefa mais impessoal, menos complexa e mais sistemática. A abordagem QDAontology - Quality Driven Approach for e-Science Ontologies, proposta nesta dissertação, foi elaborada para projetos de desenvolvimento de ontologias para e-Science. Nestas aplicações, as ontologias, em geral, se caracterizam por serem desenvolvidas por equipes multidisciplinares, onde os conteudistas pertencem à área do domínio da aplicação e os construtores são engenheiros ontológicos oriundos da Ciência da Computação. A abordagem proposta é composta por etapas, atividades, participantes, artefatos e características de qualidade. São seis etapas: Especificação, Conceitualização, Formalização, Implementação, Integração e Evolução. Cada etapa é constituída de atividades, em cada atividade são gerados artefatos e os participantes estão relacionados com as etapas e atividades do processo. A partir da evolução dos artefatos ocorre o desenvolvimento da ontologia. Com a implementação da ontologia a mesma deve ser integrada a outras ontologias, através de mecanismos de correspondência ontológica. O processo de desenvolvimento adotado é centrado em um modelo evolutivo e, portanto, os ciclos podem se repetir a cada evolução da ontologia. Para validar a proposta foi elaborado um estudo de caso no domínio biológico. O estudo constou de dois ciclos: no primeiro foi feita a reengenharia da ontologia CELO e no segundo sua expansão, no subdomínio Doenças Humanas. Todo o processo de modelagem do conhecimento e atuação da equipe multidisciplinar está detalhado e contou com o apoio de especialistas do domínio da Biologia. Para a correspondência ontológica foi adotado o mecanismo de alinhamento e construída a ferramenta A3O, que gera ligações e termos equivalentes entre ontologias descritas em OBO e OWL. / The use of ontologies in computational systems has become more important and spread out. However, as an area in constant evolution, it does not exist yet a consolidated process model of Ontological Engineering for ontology construction. The use of a development process makes this task more impersonal, less complex and more systematic. The QDAontology - Quality Driven Approach for e-Science Ontologies, proposed in this research, was developed for e-Science ontologies. In this kind of applications, ontologies are, in general, developed by multidisciplinary teams, where knowledge experts belong to the domain area and developers are ontological engineers from the Computer Science. This approach is composed of stages, activities, participants, artifacts and quality characteristics. There are six stages: Specification, Conceptualization, Formalization, Implementation, Integration and Evolution. Each stage is composed of activities, in each activity artifacts are generated and participants are related to process stages and activities. Based on the artifact evolution, the development of the ontology occurs. At implementation stage, the ontology must be then integrated to other ontologies through mechanisms of ontological correspondence. The development process is centered in an evolutionary model, therefore, the cycles can be repeated at each evolution of the ontology. To validate the proposal, a case study in the biological domain was done. The case study had two cycles: during the first one the reengineering process of the CELO ontology was made and in the latter the ontology was expanded with the Human Disease sub domain. All the knowledge modeling process and the multidisciplinary team tasks are detailed and they were supported by experts of the Biology domain. For the ontological correspondence, the alignment mechanism was adopted and the A3O tool was built to generate the equivalent links and terms between ontologies described in OBO and OWL

Prison, a place that no one can call home, a place where all that was familiar no longer exists, a place where a friendly face is nowhere to be seen, a place that is full of hostility. That which becomes ‘home’ is nothing more than a concrete space, a hole in which one is expected to live. Those with whom the prisoners come into contact are hostile, unkind and unfair. Thus, as a means by which to retain sanity and show the world what happens on the ‘inside’, prisoners begin to write – they begin to write in hostile spaces. This study will argue that the body of writings that constitute ‘South African prison literature’ is both substantial and under-researched. For both of these reasons it warrants closer examination. Another argument that this thesis will advance is that specific authors have made major contributions to this collection of works, with Herman Charles Bosman being the foremost of these. Bosman not only pioneered the prison novel in South Africa, but also set the mould within which most of the other prison-authors have patterned their works. Herman Charles Bosman is often referred to as the ‘father’ of South African prison literature. Such a statement of course presupposes that there is a discernible body of writing that can be called ‘prison literature’. This study will attempt to show that within the larger corpus of South African literature there is indeed a body of writing that can usefully be categorized under the broad rubric ‘prison literature’. Undertaking such a categorization, however, requires generating certain criteria, and then applying these criteria to determine whether specific works adhere to them. For the purposes of this study, the most important criterion is that, for a work to be considered as belonging to the corpus of South African prison literature, it must be about the writer’s personal experience of prison. In other words, fictional (imaginative) narratives about prison life will fall beyond the purview of this study. While it must be conceded that this criterion is not unarguable and self-evident, as the study proceeds it will, I believe, be seen that there is good sense in excluding purely fictional works. (Chapter Three advances the argument for this criterion in more detail.) Other variables have been accommodated – for example, from which prison the prisoner is writing, whether the prisoner writes about his or her experience during or after imprisonment, the nature of the crime committed and when the imprisonment took place. In addition, there is no rigidity about the number of criteria a particular work must fulfil in order to be included in this study (Chapter Three also discusses these criteria at length). One of the questions this thesis will attempt to answer is why prisoners write in the first place. Society’s stereotypical view of a criminal – someone lacking in morals and education – is no doubt dominant, and the notion of a ‘criminal’ adding value to the study of literature is not often conceptualized by many. Writing becomes a powerful tool for the authors examined here, often for different reasons and purposes, but a tool nonetheless. Paul Gready says that, “the word is a weapon that both inflicts pain and secures power. Prisoners are relentlessly rewritten within the official ‘power of writing’… Within this process the prisoner’s sense of self and world is undermined, pain is made visible and objectified in writing and converted into state power [but] prisoners write to restore a sense of self and world, to reclaim the ‘truth’ from the apartheid lie, to seek empowerment in an oppositional ‘power of writing’ against the official text of imprisonment” (1993: 489). The thesis will attempt to show that, notwithstanding their considerable diversity, individual works within the corpus of South African prison literature share many common characteristics. Despite this the study will show also that, even though the prison writings have many common threads running through them, there are many differences within individual writings and the body of literature as a whole. It could be argued that, in earlier years, the works that are the subject of this study were quite satisfactorily regarded as part of other genres (for example, autobiography). So is the whole process of reclassification necessary? In other words, is there any point in attempting to argue for a distinct category of writing (‘prison literature’)? One of the points that will be made in detail later is that frequently the prison writings of a particular writer are only a small aspect of his or her larger oeuvre, and these writings have merely been included in more general discussions of the author’s body of work as a whole. Clearly, this does not do justice to the distinct nature of such a writer’s prison writings. It is the purpose of this study to give the works that make up the corpus of South African prison literature their due. The thesis begins with a brief summation of the prison system in South Africa. This chapter puts the experiences that follow into context. Many of the laws under which these writers were held no longer exist and so, in the interest of better understanding, these are explained in the first chapter as well. This is followed by a brief survey of prison literature. Chapter Two attempts to provide a concise and up-to-date list of the primary and secondary sources that make up the category ‘prison literature.’ Chapter Three introduces the term ‘prison literature’. The chapter includes many of the common characteristics found in prison writing, and outlines the essential criteria of this body of writing. This is followed by a brief examination of the various theories of literature that can be found in prison literature. Chapter Four introduces a vital aspect of the thesis and the argument provided within it. An examination of the theories of Foucault takes place in this chapter. He offers a thread that binds all prison literature together when he states that the prison system is put in place to punish an offender. Modern power to punish is based on the supervision and organization of bodies in time and space. The thesis will then argue that it is in this very space that prisoners write. Thus the hostile space of prison and prison life provides the context in which the literature under examination can be created.The second section of the thesis contains the close examinations of the prison writings of various authors. This section begins with a fairly comprehensive chapter on Cold Stone Jug (Chapter Five), and attempts to describe the foundation that Bosman laid in the writing of this novel. The chapters thereafter include comparisons between each individual prisonauthor’s work and Bosman’s seminal novel, noting the similarities and differences. Each of these chapters (Chapters Six to Nine) also provides a justification for the selection of each of the authors discussed and attempts to show why their writing must be considered some of the greatest prison literature produced in South Africa. Chapter Six examines the prison novel as exemplified in the writings of Breyten Breytenbach and Hugh Lewin. Chapter Seven introduces the concept of prison poetry. It is shown how poets like Jeremy Cronin and Dennis Brutus have also followed the example of Bosman, despite the generic difference in their work. This chapter also attempts to show why poetry must be considered an important part of this novel-dominated category of writing. This argument continues in Chapter Eight, in which prison letters and diaries are discussed and shown to be a vital part of prison literature. The main focus of this chapter is the writings of Ahmed Kathrada. Chapter Nine introduces the writing of women prisoners. This writing shares the typical characteristics found in the works of the prisoners’ male counterparts. No one novelist or poet is examined in detail. This section rather examines women’s writing as a topic in terms of the study as a whole. Importantly, however, it shows that prison writing is not gender- or race-specific. The thesis concludes by discussing the notion that these authors wrote and lived in hostile spaces not only during their imprisonment, but also afterwards: life after imprisonment becomes a hostile space too. The conclusion argues that a clear development can be found in this writing – vii from the publication of Cold Stone Jug in 1949 up until the publication of the final documents from Robben Island in the 1990s.