Au milieu du XVIIème siècle, l’Espagne connaît une crise politique et économique profonde. L’Espagne s’essouffle et elle se voit obligée de signer le traité des Pyrénées en 1659. Cette lourde période de crise que traverse la monarchie espagnole se dessine tout au long de deux sources informatives du milieu du XVIIème siècle : les Avisos attribués à Pellicer (1639-1644) et les lettres de Barrionuevo (1654-1658). La première vit en direct les révoltes des "périphéries" catalane et portugaise alors que la seconde met en exergue la "fatalité" de l’Espagne dans un contexte de caisses vides : les ennemis sont nombreux, l’armée manque d’hommes et de moyens, les fonctionnaires sont corrompus, la noblesse n’est plus digne de son rang, le clergé manque de vocation et tous, du plus haut au plus bas de l’échelle sociale, s’adonnent à toutes sortes de délits d’ordre moral, politique, pécuniaire, judiciaire, etc. Ces deux sources, de longue durée mais de périodes rapprochées, offrent d’autres avantages. Les nouvelles sont (bi-)hebdomadaires, engageant l’auteur à informer régulièrement, ce qui évite une synthétisation de l’ensemble des informations. Aussi, les Avisos de Pellicer semblent destinés à être lus par un plus grand nombre (la publication était envisagée) et l’expression du "je" est très timide, alors que les lettres de Barrionuevo s’adressent à un correspondant et il sait qu’il est lu par un cercle réduit de connaissances. Traquer l’information et la transmettre comporte un risque : les nouvelles proviennent de sources fiables mais bon nombre sont issues de la rumeur qui est colportée. Cette dernière englobe essentiellement des personnes dignes de confiance chez Pellicer alors que, chez Barrionuevo, elle peut être constituée de personnes au palais ou de tout un chacun. Enfin, l’état d’esprit et les centres d’intérêt varient d’un auteur à l’autre. Ces deux sources informatives présentent des similitudes mais aussi de nombreuses différences, et des limites ; ces caractéristiques constituent leur richesse. / In the middle of the seventeenth century, Spain undergoes a deep political and economic crisis. It becomes difficult to survive and Spain has to sign the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. This heavy crisis that the Spanish monarchy undergoes is described by two different information sources from the mid-seventeenth century : the Avisos attributed to Pellicer (1639-1658) and the Barrionuevo letters (1654-1658). The first source gives a daily account of the Catalan and Portuguese rebellions whereas the second source points out Spain’s "misfortune" due to its very bad economic situation : there are many enemies, the army lacks men and means, the civil servants are corrupt and the Nobles are no longer representative of their rank, the Clergy lacks vocation and everybody from the lowest to the highest social background is involved in all sorts of moral, political, financial and legal crimes etc. These two long-term but of short interval sources have other advantages. The news is given twice a week, forcing the author to inform the readers regularly which avoids summarizing all the information. Moreover, the Pellicer Avisos seem to be written and read by a large number of people (the publication is planned) and the use of the first person "I" is very limited whereas the Barrinuevo letters are addressed to a correspondent who knows that he is read by a small circle of people. Tracking down information and transmitting it is risky : the news is mostly reliable, but most of it comes from rumours. The Pellicer informants are more reliable and trustworthy whereas the Barrionuevo ones are composed of people from the Palace as well as any and everybody. Finally, the state of mind and interest points vary from one author to another. Both information sources show similarities but also many differences and limits and these characteristics is what makes them so full of interest.

Le XIXe siècle est l’âge d’or du thermalisme en France. Tout le monde prend alors les eaux. Les hommes et les femmes de lettres, Chateaubriand, Lamartine, Michelet, Balzac, Hugo, Sand, les frères Goncourt, Mirbeau, Maupassant n’échappent pas au phénomène thermal et fréquentent les villes thermales. Sand en profite pour faire des excursions, Dumas fuit le choléra qui sévit à Paris, Balzac y courtise la marquise de Castries, Zola accompagne sa femme curiste, Mallarmé retrouve sa maîtresse... Mais la plupart des écrivains se rend en cure pour des raisons de santé. Ainsi, Bashkirtseff tente d’enrayer sa phtisie, Daudet, Maupassant et Lorrain y soignent leur syphilis, Chateaubriand ses rhumatismes, Verlaine ses ulcères à la jambe, et Proust pour son asthme. Tous ces écrivains curistes ont témoigné de leur expérience, que ce soit dans leur correspondance ou dans leurs romans, poèmes, récits de voyage. Leurs personnages séjournent également dans ces villes d’eaux : Raphaël de Valentin, héros de La Peau de chagrin, tente de rétablir sa santé à Aix-les-Bains ; Christiane Andermatt assiste à l’exploitation de la source du Mont-Oriol, la cure lui permet surtout de rencontrer son amant et d’avoir un bébé, sans que les eaux aient joué un rôle particulier ; Verdinet, Galinois et autres personnages de la comédie de Labiche, J’ai compromis ma femme, sont à Bagnères-de-Bigorre, et le neurasthénique de Mirbeau à Luchon. Voici une promenade dans le monde des eaux, vu par les écrivains, entre 1800 et 1914. / The nineteenth century is the golden age of hydrotherapy in France. Everybody comes to take the waters. Men and women of letters, Chateaubriand, Lamartine, Michelet, Balzac, Hugo, Sand, the Goncourt brothers, Mirabeau, Maupassant take part in this thermal cure phenomenon and attend water cities. Sand takes the opportunity to make excursions, Dumas runs away from rampant cholera over Paris, Balzac is involved in a courtship with the Marchioness of Castries, Zola accompanies his wife who is a patient, Mallarmé joins his mistress… But most of writers go to thermal cures for health purposes. In this way Bashkirtseff seeks to eradicate tuberculosis, Daudet, Maupassant and Lorrain treat their syphilis, Chateaubriand his rheumatism, Verlaine his leg ulcers, Proust his asthma. All these writers patients shared about their experience, in their correspondence or in their novels, poems, travel stories. Their characters live in these water cities as well ; Christiane Andermatt gets to the springs of Mont Oriol’s exploitation, the cure mostly is the opportunity for her to meet her lover and to have a baby, without waters playing a specific role ; Verdinet, Galinois and other protagonists of Labiche’s comedy, I compromised my wife, are in Bagnères-de-Bigorre, and Mirabeau’s neurasthenic, in Luchon. This is a walk in the world of waters, as seen by writers, between 1800 and 1914.

Using annual reports of Austrian listed corporations between 1990 and 2005, we analyze how corporations theorize their social and societal responsibilities. We empirically illustrate that these organizations not only evoke several distinct domains of corporate responsibility, but also assign themselves and others specific positions in the social matrix of relevancy and power - which in turn gives rise to a distinct pattern on the field level. We discuss various features and implications of what we describe as a politicization of individual corporations at the price of a relocation of politics away from recognized and firmly institutionalized arenas of collective interest representation (i.e., the polity) as well as a broad-scale de-politicization of society.

Context: Determining attribute correspondence is the most important, time consuming and knowledge intensive part during databases integration. It is also used in other data manipulation applications such as data warehousing, data design, semantic web and e-commerce. Objectives: In this thesis the aim is to investigate how to find the types of correspondence between the attributes of heterogeneous datasets when schema design information of the data sets is unknown. Methods: A literature review was conducted to extract the knowledge related to the approaches that are used to find the correspondence between the attributes of heterogeneous datasets. Extracted knowledge from the literature review is used in developing an instance based approach for finding types of correspondence between the attributes of heterogeneous datasets when schema design information is unknown. To validate the proposed approach an experiment was conducted in the real environment using the data provided by the Telecom Industry (Ericsson) Karlskrona. Evaluation of the results was carried using the well known and mostly used measures from information retrieval field precision, recall and F-measure. Results: To find the types of correspondence between the attributes of heterogeneous datasets, good results depend on the ability of the algorithm to avoid the unmatched pairs of rows during the Row Similarity Phase. An evaluation of proposed approach is performed via experiments. We found 96.7% (average of three experiments) F-measure. Conclusions: The analysis showed that the proposed approach was feasible to be used and it provided users a mean to find the corresponding attributes and the types of correspondence between corresponding attributes, based on the information extracted from the similar pairs of rows from the heterogeneous data sets where their similarity based on the same common primary keys values.

The goal of this Master's Thesis is to bring out the literary aspects of August Strindberg's correspondence, with an emphasis on the love letters to his first and third wives, Siri von Essen and Harriet Bosse. A complete translation of Strindberg's letters into Czech is still lacking, even though this is, by volume, the greatest part of his work. A translation of his correspondence might alleviate his image as a spiteful misogynist in the Czech literary sciences, and above all may yield a new impulse to interpret Strindberg's dramas and may even inspire their more frequent presence on the Czech stage. In the first, theoretical part of this work, the literary nature of the love letter is described, along with the possibility of reading it as an epistolary novel; the similarity of Strindberg's expressive style to that of mediaeval troubadours is pointed out. In the second part, select passages of the correspondence are introduced with an exegetic commentary.

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Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Economics / William F. Blankenau / This dissertation consists of three essays on how health and education affect the labor market outcomes of workers. Health and education issues have been key determinants of labor demand and supply. In light of increasing incidence of health problems and the rapid growth of post-baccalaureate certificates in the US, this dissertation seeks to answer questions about labor market outcomes of workers with poor health history and with post-baccalaureate certificates. The first essay which I co-authored with Dr. William Blankenau and Dr. Benjamin Schwab uses a résumé-based correspondence test to compare the employment consequences of an illness-related employment gap to those of an unexplained employment gap. The results of the experiment show that while the callback rate of applicants with an illness-related employment gap is lower than that of the newly unemployed, applicants with illness-related employment gaps are 2.3 percentage points more likely to receive a callback than identical applicants who provide no explanation for the gap. Our research provides evidence that employers use information on employment gaps as additional signals about workers' unobserved productivity. Co-authored with Dr. Amanda Gaulke and Dr. Hugh Cassidy, the second essay tests how employers perceive the value of post-baccalaureate certificates using the same methodology in the first essay. We randomly assign a post-baccalaureate certificate credential to fictitious résumés and apply to real vacancy postings for managerial, administrative and accounting assistant positions on a large online job board. We find that post-baccalaureate certificates are 2.4 percentage points less likely to receive a callback than those without this credential. However, this result is driven by San Francisco, and there is no effect in Los Angeles or New York. By occupation, we also find that there is only significant negative effect in administrative assistant jobs, and there is none in managerial or accounting assistant jobs. A typographical error made in the résumés of certificate holders regarding the expected year of completion of the certificate may also contribute to negative effects of a certificate. Using NLSY79 data, the third essay tests whether the source of health insurance creates incentives for newly-diagnosed workers to remain sufficiently employed to maintain access to health insurance coverage. I compare labor supply responses to new diagnoses of workers dependent on their own employment for health insurance with the responses of workers who are dependent on their spouse's employer for health insurance coverage. I find that workers who depend on their own job for health insurance are 1.5-5.5 percentage points more likely to remain employed and for those employed, are 1.3-5.4 percentage points less likely to reduce their labor hours and are 2.1-6.1 percentage points more likely to remain full-time workers.

The gauge/string duality, a.k.a. the holographic principle is a profound assertion that emerged from string theory. It relates strongly-coupled gauge theories to weakly coupled string theories living in a higher-dimensional curved geometry. Nevertheless, it is a conjecture, and only a few instances of its more concrete form, the AdS/CFT correspondence, are well-understood. The most well-studied example is the duality between N=4 SYM, which is a CFT, and type IIB string theory in AdS5xS5 background. Generalization to less symmetric cases is a must, and the next logical step is to add a mass scale to N=4 SYM, therefore breaking its conformal symmetry and leading to N=2* SYM, the theory we study in this thesis. It is supersymmetric enough to employ the powerful localization method that reduces its partition function to a matrix model. We will see that the mass scale causes non-trivial phase structures in its vacuum configuration, visible in the holographic regime. We will probe them using Wilson loops in different representations of the gauge group. On the other hand, the dual supergravity background was derived by Pilch-Warner, making N=2* theory an explicitly testable non-conformal holographic case, which is a rare example. We will prove that the duality works for the dual observables (string action, D-branes) we managed to compute, even at a quantum-level.

M.A. (Linguistics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Lydie Wilson-de Ricard (1850-1880) (alias Lydie de Ricard, Na Dulciorella, Lidia Colonia) est une des premières femmes membre du Félibrige. Née et morte à Paris, elle était d'origines écossaise et flamande. Avec son mari, Louis-Xavier marquis, co- fondateur du Parnasse Contemporain et communard et Auguste Fourès, poète, ils fondent La Lauseta , almanach républicain. Entre Juin 1876 et Octobre 1877, Lydie correspond librement avec Fourès. Nous publions ses lettres conservées au Collège d'Occitanie à Toulouse ainsi que les extraits, adressés à d'autres correspondant(e)s publiés dans le journal Le Montpellier Républicain. Ses écrits sont l'écho de son apprentissage du dialecte de Montpellier, de ses créations poétiques et de sa participation au Félibrige rouge. Elle publiera dans la Revue des Langues Romanes, sera primée aux Fêtes Latines de Montpellier en 1878. L'Époque est elle de la troisième République balbutiante. Dans les lettres nous en retrouvons les enjeux : l'amnistie des Communards, d'égalité femme/homme, avec la question du mariage et du divorce, de la laïcité avec les enterrements civils ainsi que son intérêt pour la politique, le Fédéralisme, dont son mari est un des théoriciens. Leur arrivée dans le Midi n'est pas due aux seules conditions politiques, mais à l'amour de celui-ci pour la langue du Midi et Mistral, amour prouvé dès son premier ouvrage en 1862. Le Parnasse a été une des écoles de Lydie, son esprit favorise la découverte de la nature qu'elle parcourt avec sa soeur Jeanne, peintre. La mort de celle-ci, à vingt-cinq ans de tuberculose signera la fin de cette correspondance. Nous y voyons naître l'amour partagé de Jeanne et Fourès. / Lydie Wilson de Ricard (alias Lydie de Ricard, Na Dulciorella, Lidia Colonia) is one of the _rst female member of Felibrige. Born and dead in Paris, her origins were scottish and _emish. Together with her husband Louis-Xavier de Ricard, a Marquis, Commune- militant and co-initiator of Parnasse Contemporain, and Auguste Fourès, a poet, they founded the Lauseta, a republican almanach. Between june 1876 and october 1877, Lydie exchanges freely letters with Fourès. We here publish these letters -from College d'Occitanie's collections in Toulouse, as well as extracts directed to others correspondents, published in Montpellier Républicain, a local newspaper. Her writings re_ect her learning of Monpellier's occitan dialect, her poetical creations, and her part in Felibrige Rouge's action. She will publish in Revue des Langues Romanes, will receive a price at Montpellier's Latin Feasts in 1878. During the uneasy beginnings of Third Republic, various problems are at stake : amnisty for _ communards _, men/women egality, marriage and divorce problems, laicity, with civil buryings : such are the topics of her letters, with politics and federalism, object of her husband's theorical work. Their arrival in _ Midi _is due not only to political conditions, but to the latter's love for occitan language and Mistral. Parnasse was partof Lydie's poetical formation, her mind favours the discovery of nature, in which she uses to wander with her sister Jeanne, a painter, before her death at 25, which marks the end of this correspondence where appears the mutual love that links Jeanne and Fourès.