Submitted by MARCIA AIKO TSUNODA (marciaaiko@gmail.com) on 2012-03-30T15:19:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 O PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DO PROFISSIONAL PERITO CRIMINAL FEDERAL.pdf: 577654 bytes, checksum: 55741b316411df01db5644f5aa8f7de4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁURA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2012-04-09T16:46:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 O PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DO PROFISSIONAL PERITO CRIMINAL FEDERAL.pdf: 577654 bytes, checksum: 55741b316411df01db5644f5aa8f7de4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-04-11T12:06:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 O PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DO PROFISSIONAL PERITO CRIMINAL FEDERAL.pdf: 577654 bytes, checksum: 55741b316411df01db5644f5aa8f7de4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-04-11T12:06:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 O PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DO PROFISSIONAL PERITO CRIMINAL FEDERAL.pdf: 577654 bytes, checksum: 55741b316411df01db5644f5aa8f7de4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 29-12-11 / According to the Criminal Processual Code of Brazil, the crime scene investigation is essential, and can not be replaced by the confession of the accused in the crimes that leave evidences. This research begins a study on the construction of professional identity of the Perito Criminal Federal, the expert that acts within the Federal Police in Brazil. The academic approach was adopted in order to identify the main issues that contribute to building this professional identity. The main objective of this work is the recognition of their own role in society, and based on this information, to find initiatives that could encourage the search for improvement, better training and development of the professionals, benefiting not only the motivation and job satisfaction of the Perito Criminal Federal, but mainly, the improvement in the response it produces for society. The study results revealed that his identity, like any professional, is in constant metamorphosis, and is influenced by his individual history and realities, and by environmental social and professional influences. The study showed that there are gaps to be filled in the view of the professional related to the feedback of his work, beyond the concern with the quantity versus quality in the production of his Reports. We also observed the existence of an organizational environment disfavorable for the enforcement of international and national law and recommendations, that stipulates the need for autonomy in forensic scientists job, to ensure impartial and neutral evidence examination in search of justice. It also became clear the need for greater communication and internal discussion about the vision of the future. It is essential for the realization of a democratic society that respects human rights and ensure the public safety, a Perito Criminal Federal that is aware of his identity, that can act effectively, with motivation, agility and quality, for the justice for Brazilian citizens. / Segundo o Código de Processo Penal brasileiro, a Perícia é imprescindível, e não pode ser substituída pela confissão do acusado, nos crimes que deixem vestígios. Esta pesquisa inicia um estudo acerca da construção da identidade profissional do Perito Criminal Federal, o Perito que atua no âmbito da Polícia Federal no Brasil. A abordagem acadêmica foi adotada no sentido de serem identificadas as principais questões que contribuem na construção da identidade desse profissional. O objetivo principal do trabalho é o reconhecimento pelo Perito Criminal Federal do seu papel para a sociedade, de modo que se vislumbrem iniciativas que possam incentivar a busca de melhorias, de aprimoramento na formação e evolução dos profissionais, beneficiando não apenas a motivação e satisfação profissional, mas, sobretudo, a resposta que este produz para a sociedade. O resultado da pesquisa revelou que sua identidade, como a de qualquer profissional, está em constante metamorfose, e sofre a influência de sua história e verdades individuais e das influências do ambiente social e profissional. O estudo demonstrou que existem lacunas a serem preenchidas na visão do próprio profissional com relação ao retorno quanto ao resultado efetivo do seu trabalho, além da preocupação com o equilíbrio entre quantidade e qualidade na produção de Laudos Periciais Criminais. Observou-se ainda a existência de um ambiente organizacional desfavorável quanto ao cumprimento de leis e recomendações, internacionais e nacionais, que preconizam a necessidade de autonomia para a realização do trabalho pericial, de forma a garantir a prova isenta e neutra em busca da justiça. Também ficou nítida a necessidade de maior comunicação e discussão interna acerca da visão de futuro da profissão. É primordial para a efetivação de uma sociedade democrática, que respeita os direitos humanos e zela pela segurança pública, uma Perícia Criminal Federal consciente de sua identidade, efetiva, que possa atuar com motivação, celeridade e qualidade em prol da justiça para os cidadãos brasileiros.

The aim of this descriptive research was to determine the methods of case linkage (methods to link murder cases to each other as well as to link the murder series to one offender) employed by the South African Police Service (SAPS) to investigate serial murder in South Africa and to comprehensively explain them. A qualitative approach was employed with a multi-method data collection process which included case study, interviews and literature review in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the subject. The methods of case linkage are explained within three phases of a serial murder investigation: the identification phase, the investigation and apprehension phase, and the trial and sentencing phase. The main findings of the study revealed the need for further training of the SAPS members and the need for a Standing Operating Procedure to be implemented to specifically govern the system of investigation for a serial murder case. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

Submitted by Márcio Jacinto de Souza e Silva (marciojacinto@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-26T11:42:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A nova administração pública e a gestão do Instituto de Crimin.pdf: 1921485 bytes, checksum: aa41fd588edb6d751349c01765054bd8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2012-08-22T19:02:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A nova administração pública e a gestão do Instituto de Crimin.pdf: 1921485 bytes, checksum: aa41fd588edb6d751349c01765054bd8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-08-24T18:24:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A nova administração pública e a gestão do Instituto de Crimin.pdf: 1921485 bytes, checksum: aa41fd588edb6d751349c01765054bd8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-24T18:25:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A nova administração pública e a gestão do Instituto de Crimin.pdf: 1921485 bytes, checksum: aa41fd588edb6d751349c01765054bd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-28 / O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar em que medida o Instituto de Criminalística, órgão da administração pública direta de Minas Gerais, alinhou a sua gestão administrativa e de pessoal às diretrizes do Choque de Gestão. Decorridos oito anos desde o início da implantação dessa política pública, a questão cabe averiguação a fim de se saber o quanto dos novos ideais foram disseminados e assimilados em uma das instituições a qual essa política se comprometera a modernizar. Ao abordar a medida da relação existente entre o Choque de Gestão e o Instituto de Criminalística, este estudo visou compreender quantos velhos paradigmas foram quebrados e quantos novos conceitos foram assimilados para fazer a administração pública voltar-se para quem de fato foi criada e a quem deve servir: o povo. Para subsidiar as pesquisas, este estudo abrangeu uma análise dos referenciais teóricos que faceiam as questões relevantes à Nova Administração Pública e impactaram diretamente a concepção do Choque de Gestão, mas levando em conta os referenciais próprios dessa política. A pesquisa de campo consistiu de uma abordagem do fenômeno em seu palco de acontecimento, feita por meio de observação-participante, de entrevistas e questionários junto aos principais atores do cenário pesquisado: servidores e gestores de linha e clientes. Os resultados mostraram que, inobstante, o Choque de Gestão apresentar-se como um plano estruturado e bem intencionado, a sua proposta de transformação ainda não causou ressonância naquela ponta do serviço público, posto que diversos conceitos propalados por essa política confrontam-se com antigos valores, derivados de práticas anteriores. Sendo assim, acredita-se que a efetivação das diretrizes do Choque de Gestão está condicionada à adesão dos gestores e servidores de linha a essas propostas e, para tanto, as instâncias superiores de governo deverão agir para garantir essa adesão. / The objective of the present study was to check the extent to which the Instituto de Criminalística, an agency directly administered by the State of Minas Gerais, has submitted its management of operation and personnel to the Management Shock directives. After eight years of that policy implementation, the question ought to be checked so as to let one knows to which extent these new ideals have been disseminated in and assimilated by one of the institutions that such a policy had committed to modernize. By approaching the measure of the relation between Management Shock Program and the Instituto de Criminalística, the present study aims at understanding how many of the old paradigms have been broken, and how many new concepts have been assimilated to make the public administration pay attention to whom it was in fact created and whom it should serve: the people. To contribute to the research, the present study has encompassed an analysis of the theoretic references that involve the questions relevant to New Public Administration and directly impacted Management Shock, also taking references proper to this policy into account. The field research has consisted of an approach to the phenomenon in its stage of happening, made through a participant-observation, interviews and questionnaires submitted to the principal actors of the researched scenario: officials and line managers and clients. The results have showed that notwithstanding the fact that Management Shock presented itself as a structured and well-meaning plan, its proposal for transformation has not yet caused a resonance on that end of the civil service, since many concepts touted by this policy are confronted with old values, derived from past practices. Therefore, it is believed that the settlement of the Management Shock guidelines is determined by conditioning the commitment of managers and ordinary servants to these proposals, and to that end, higher levels of government should act in the interest of ensuring this commitment.

Si les développements technologiques dans le domaine de la science forensique améliorent sans contredit les capacités de détection et la précision des appareils et des analyses effectuées, la qualité, l’intégrité, l’efficacité et l’efficience de l’exploitation des traces matérielles à des fins judiciaires et sécuritaires demeurent avant tout tributaires de décisions humaines prises tout au long du processus forensique, de la scène d’incident au tribunal. À ce sujet, bien qu’ils soient désormais reconnus comme des acteurs au premier plan du déploiement des efforts forensiques, les techniciens en identité judiciaire responsables de l’investigation des scènes d’incident n’ont fait l’objet que de très peu d’études empiriques. Pourtant, les quelques études qui sont disponibles mettent en lumière un degré élevé de variabilité dans leurs pratiques et leurs performances en matière de recherche et de collecte de traces matérielles, suggérant ainsi un processus décisionnel sur lequel nous ne savons toujours que très peu de choses. Dès lors, la thèse se propose de mieux comprendre, à travers une lentille théorique inspirée de certains concepts-clés issus de la sociologie de l’expertise et de la sociologie de la police, l’orientation des stratégies de recherche de traces matérielles par les techniciens en identité judiciaire. Plus précisément, elle cherche à approfondir les mécanismes de prise de décision et le système de savoirs occupationnels auquel se réfèrent les techniciens en identité judiciaire pour guider et justifier leurs actions, les processus de construction et d’acquisition de ces savoirs occupationnels ainsi que l’étendue du pouvoir discrétionnaire des techniciens en identité judiciaire et les conditions sous-jacentes à sa reconnaissance. Pour ce faire, la thèse repose sur une enquête de terrain de type ethnographique réalisée auprès de 19 techniciens en scène de crime du Québec entre 2020 et 2022, combinant 18 entretiens semi-directifs (35 heures) et 200 heures d’observation participante (au poste et sur de véritables scènes d’incident). Les résultats de la thèse révèlent, d’une part, que l’orientation de la recherche de traces matérielles par les techniciens en identité judiciaire est dépendante d’un système de savoirs occupationnels tacites largement ambigu, voire contradictoire par endroits, nécessitant l’interprétation des mandats, des normes informelles et des méthodes à privilégier pour prendre ou justifier une décision. D’autre part, ils suggèrent que ces savoirs seraient principalement issus, aux yeux des techniciens en identité judiciaire, de l’expérience pratique (à titre de policier et de technicien en identité judiciaire) et des échanges avec les pairs expérimentés, traduisant un discours soutenant le primat de la socialisation professionnelle informelle sur la formation et l’éducation formalisée. Enfin, les techniciens en identité profiteraient d’un important pouvoir discrétionnaire de facto leur permettant d’exercer plutôt librement leur jugement professionnel et de définir les savoirs qui sont considérés comme légitimes. Mis ensemble, ces constats proposent de comprendre la prise de décisions des techniciens en identité judiciaire en matière de recherche de traces matérielles au prisme de l’interaction entre un pouvoir discrétionnaire dynamique et un système de savoirs occupationnels ambigu et plus ou moins partagé. / While technological developments in the field of forensic science are undoubtedly improving detection capabilities and the accuracy of the equipment and analyses performed, the quality, integrity, effectiveness, and efficiency of the exploitation of material traces for judicial and security purposes remain above all dependent on human decisions made throughout the forensic process, from the crime scene to the courts. In this regard, although they are now recognized as key players in the deployment of forensic resources, crime scene examiners responsible for investigating incident scenes have only been the subject of very few empirical studies. Yet, those that are available highlight a high degree of variability in the practices and performances of crime scene examiners regarding the search for material traces, suggesting a decision-making process about which we still know very little. This thesis therefore aims to gain a better understanding of the orientation of crime scene examiners’ strategies for searching material trace through a theoretical lens inspired by key concepts of the sociology of expertise and the sociology of policing. More specifically, it seeks to investigate the decision-making mechanisms and occupational knowledge system to which crime scene examiners refer, the processes of construction and acquisition of such occupational knowledge, and the extent of crime scene examiners’ discretionary power and the conditions underlying its recognition by other stakeholders. The thesis is based on an ethnographic fieldwork among 19 Quebec crime scene examiners between 2020 and 2022, combining 18 semi-structured interviews (35 hours) and 200 hours of participant observation (at the office and at actual incident scenes). The results of the thesis reveal, on the one hand, that the orientation of the search for material traces by crime scene examiners depends on a tacit system of occupational knowledge which is largely ambiguous, even contradictory in places, leaving room for interpretation of mandates, norms, and preferred methods for making or justifying a decision. On the other hand, they suggest that such knowledge is mainly acquired, in the eyes of crime scene examiners, from practical experience (as a police officer and crime scene investigator) and exchanges with experienced peers, reflecting a discourse supporting the primacy of informal professional socialization over formalized training and education. Finally, crime scene examiners would benefit from a significant de facto discretionary power, enabling them to exercise their professional judgment rather freely and to define the knowledge that should be considered legitimate. Taken together, these findings suggest that the decision-making process of crime scene examiners in the search for material traces can be understood through the prism of the interaction between a variable discretionary power and an ambiguous, more or less shared, system of occupational knowledge.

This study sought to explore the significance of efficient murder crime scene processing. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with investigators who investigate murder cases in the Nyanga South African Police Service (SAPS) cluster in the Western Cape, to stimulate knowledge of the significance of efficient murder scene processing. A literature study relating to aspects of crime scene management and crime scene processing was conducted. From the results of this research, it appears that participants did realise the significance of efficient murder scene processing. It is, however, apparent that they experienced challenges and shortcomings with regard to efficiently processing murder scenes. Reasons for this are inexperienced investigators, overload of murder scenes to investigate, lack of human resources, and lack of cooperation between investigators and crime scene experts. The study makes recommendations that could assist the Nyanga SAPS cluster in improving the processing of murder scenes. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)