This study concerns how energy is treated as an area of knowledge in the Swedish school. Energy is encountered in traditional subjects such as history, physics and social studies. Energy also has another entry due to its constant relevance in the world outside school, thereby obligating school to address and discuss energy within its curriculum. Energy is thus qualified to cut across subject lines in school and to connect strongly to problem issues outside school. The purpose of this book is to study how energy is handled as an area of knowledge in school. Viewing school as a practice implies that energy is handled within a specific social and cultural context. All meanings which are created construct and reproduce notions concerning the nature of reality. It is thus important to study the school's assumptions and methods for dealing with this area of knowledge. The analysis in the book is based on participatory observations, tape recordings of pupils engaged in group projects, educational materials and the pupils' own work. Three different energy-related projects are included in the study: (1) Two social studies classes which worked using energy as a theme. A number of different subjects were involved in this theme. (2) A natural science class which also worked using energy as a theme, although here the only subjects involved were physics and biology. All three of these classes were upper secondary college-preparatory school classes. (3) The study also includes two classes from the ninth grade. As in the case of the social studies classes, their work on energy involved most of the pupils' other subjects. The theme for the nine-year compulsory school pupils was "Man-Energy-Environment". This analysis has shown that school as practice has created certain forms which govern how energy is treated as an area of knowledge. The forms maintain and legitimise a particular view as to what is considered valid knowledge. The discourses which best live up to requirements regarding what was to be considered "valid" knowledge were the scientific discourse and the supply discourse. The scientific discourse was accorded high status as a result of its ties to a scientific conceptual world, and to approaches which are associated with the scientific method. The supply discourse must be considered to be the most dominant of the identifiable discourses. Other discourses were identified but did not nearly have the same bearing on school. The user discourse was most evident in the projects of the nine-year compulsory school pupuls, and was also implicated in goal documents for their assignments. The civilisation-critical discourses made their presence felt mainly during the group work, but otherwise had few points of correlation for school practice.

A variety of factors such as increasing electrical energy demand, slow expansion of transmission infrastructures, and electric energy market deregulation, are forcing utilities and system operators to operate power systems closer to their design limits. Operating under stressed regimes can have a detrimental effect on the rotor-angle stability of the system. This stability reduction is often reflected by the emergence or worsening of poorly damped low-frequency electromechanical oscillations. Without appropriate measures these can lead to costly blackouts. To guarantee system security, operators are sometimes forced to limit power transfers that are economically beneficial but that can result in poorly damped oscillations. Controllers that damp these oscillations can improve system reliability by preventing blackouts and provide long term economic gains by enabling more extensive utilization of the transmission infrastructure. Previous research in the use of artificial neural network-based intelligent controllers for power system damping control has shown promise when tested in small power system models. However, these controllers do not scale-up well enough to be deployed in realistically-sized power systems. The work in this dissertation focuses on improving the scalability of intelligent power system stabilizing controls so that they can significantly improve the rotor-angle stability of large-scale power systems. A framework for designing effective and robust intelligent controllers capable of scaling-up to large scale power systems is proposed. Extensive simulation results on a large-scale power system simulation model demonstrate the rotor-angle stability improvements attained by controllers designed using this framework.

Worldwide concern about the environmental problems and a possible energy crisis has led to increasing interest in clean and renewable energy generation. Among various renewable energy sources, wind power is the most rapidly growing one. Therefore, how to provide efficient, reliable, and high-performance wind power generation and distribution has become an important and practical issue in the power industry. In addition, because of the new constraints placed by the environmental and economical factors, the trend of power system planning and operation is toward maximum utilization of the existing infrastructure with tight system operating and stability margins. This trend, together with the increased penetration of renewable energy sources, will bring new challenges to power system operation, control, stability and reliability which require innovative solutions. Flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices, through their fast, flexible, and effective control capability, provide one possible solution to these challenges. To fully utilize the capability of individual power system components, e.g., wind turbine generators (WTGs) and FACTS devices, their control systems must be suitably designed with high reliability. Moreover, in order to optimize local as well as system-wide performance and stability of the power system, real-time local and wide-area coordinated control is becoming an important issue. Power systems containing conventional synchronous generators, WTGs, and FACTS devices are large-scale, nonlinear, nonstationary, stochastic and complex systems distributed over large geographic areas. Traditional mathematical tools and system control techniques have limitations to control such complex systems to achieve an optimal performance. Intelligent and bio-inspired techniques, such as swarm intelligence, neural networks, and adaptive critic designs, are emerging as promising alternative technologies for power system control and performance optimization. This work focuses on the development of advanced optimization and intelligent control algorithms to improve the stability, reliability and dynamic performance of WTGs, FACTS devices, and the associated power networks. The proposed optimization and control algorithms are validated by simulation studies in PSCAD/EMTDC, experimental studies, or real-time implementations using Real Time Digital Simulation (RTDS) and TMS320C6701 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) Platform. Results show that they significantly improve electrical energy security, reliability and sustainability.

No contexto contemporâneo que busca a produção de novos conhecimentos a partir do passado, esta tese procura redimensionar as informações que se tem sobre a escritora mais popular do Brasil entre o final do século XIX e as duas primeiras décadas do século XX, Júlia Lopes de Almeida, contribuindo para enriquecer tanto a Literatura Brasileira quanto nosso patrimônio cultural. O trabalho seguiu duas linhas paralelas. Uma, historiográfica, na qual propus acrescentar informações relevantes sobre a vida da escritora carioca e sua trajetória na “República das Letras” brasileira. Isto incluiu apresentar aspectos particulares de sua escrita, temas e visão de mundo, considerados a partir de sua ótica feminina. Como resultado da pesquisa realizada no Brasil e em Portugal, pontuei os aspectos mais relevantes da recepção crítica de sua obra, no passado e no presente. Neste viés, apresentei material jornalístico e crítico em que ela e sua obra foram avalizadas no tempo em que viveu. Em relação ao presente, dei relevo à crítica acadêmica, integrada ao movimento de resgate das escritoras brasileiras do passado, apresentando de forma panorâmica as abordagens que estão sendo feitas e que demonstram a validade de sua produção para a cultura brasileira. Na segunda linha de trabalho, mais investigativa, busquei uma abordagem do texto romanesco selecionando três de seus romances para integrarem o corpus de análise: Memórias de Marta (1889), A Família Medeiros (1892) e Cruel Amor (1906). Com este propósito, rastreei indícios que pudessem revelar o posicionamento estético-ideológico de Júlia Lopes no qual se reflete a leitura que ela fez da sociedade de seu tempo e das questões mais importantes que estavam em pauta. Para isso, trabalhei com conceitos da narratologia dando destaque à categoria do narrador e a da VOZ. / In the contemporary context that searches new knowledgement looking back to the past, this thesis intends to (re)mesure the information about the most popular female writer betwen the two final decades of the XIX century and the two first of the XX: Júlia Lopes de Almeida. I intend to contribute to improve Brazilian Literature patrimoniun. My work goings on in two paralels lines. An historiographic one, in which I bring more information about the writer´s life and her trajectory in the “República das letras”. It includes to present some particulary aspects from her writing, themes, world vision, considered from a female otic. In this chapter, I brihg the information I collected as a result of two travels.One to Rio de Janeiro and the other to Portugal. In the other hand, I underline the academic critic with the brazilian female writers rescue movement. As a second line of investigation, I propose a textual aproching over three of her novels: Memórias de Marta, A Família Medeiros e Cruel Amor. I look for her aestetic and ideological statements in wich I can see her opinion about the most important questions that are presented in the society of her time. For that, I work with narratological conscepts and investigate the narrator category.

No contexto contemporâneo que busca a produção de novos conhecimentos a partir do passado, esta tese procura redimensionar as informações que se tem sobre a escritora mais popular do Brasil entre o final do século XIX e as duas primeiras décadas do século XX, Júlia Lopes de Almeida, contribuindo para enriquecer tanto a Literatura Brasileira quanto nosso patrimônio cultural. O trabalho seguiu duas linhas paralelas. Uma, historiográfica, na qual propus acrescentar informações relevantes sobre a vida da escritora carioca e sua trajetória na “República das Letras” brasileira. Isto incluiu apresentar aspectos particulares de sua escrita, temas e visão de mundo, considerados a partir de sua ótica feminina. Como resultado da pesquisa realizada no Brasil e em Portugal, pontuei os aspectos mais relevantes da recepção crítica de sua obra, no passado e no presente. Neste viés, apresentei material jornalístico e crítico em que ela e sua obra foram avalizadas no tempo em que viveu. Em relação ao presente, dei relevo à crítica acadêmica, integrada ao movimento de resgate das escritoras brasileiras do passado, apresentando de forma panorâmica as abordagens que estão sendo feitas e que demonstram a validade de sua produção para a cultura brasileira. Na segunda linha de trabalho, mais investigativa, busquei uma abordagem do texto romanesco selecionando três de seus romances para integrarem o corpus de análise: Memórias de Marta (1889), A Família Medeiros (1892) e Cruel Amor (1906). Com este propósito, rastreei indícios que pudessem revelar o posicionamento estético-ideológico de Júlia Lopes no qual se reflete a leitura que ela fez da sociedade de seu tempo e das questões mais importantes que estavam em pauta. Para isso, trabalhei com conceitos da narratologia dando destaque à categoria do narrador e a da VOZ. / In the contemporary context that searches new knowledgement looking back to the past, this thesis intends to (re)mesure the information about the most popular female writer betwen the two final decades of the XIX century and the two first of the XX: Júlia Lopes de Almeida. I intend to contribute to improve Brazilian Literature patrimoniun. My work goings on in two paralels lines. An historiographic one, in which I bring more information about the writer´s life and her trajectory in the “República das letras”. It includes to present some particulary aspects from her writing, themes, world vision, considered from a female otic. In this chapter, I brihg the information I collected as a result of two travels.One to Rio de Janeiro and the other to Portugal. In the other hand, I underline the academic critic with the brazilian female writers rescue movement. As a second line of investigation, I propose a textual aproching over three of her novels: Memórias de Marta, A Família Medeiros e Cruel Amor. I look for her aestetic and ideological statements in wich I can see her opinion about the most important questions that are presented in the society of her time. For that, I work with narratological conscepts and investigate the narrator category.

Os idos de março e a queda em abril, primeiro livro publicado sobre a história do golpe de 1964, foi impresso no mês seguinte à queda do presidente João Goulart. Frequentemente utilizada por estudiosos que buscam acesso aos acontecimentos daqueles dias que marcaram a história brasileira, a obra foi produzida por oito jornalistas do Jornal do Brasil, periódico que se destacou na campanha para derrubar o governo. O conjunto das narrativas, coerente com o que foi publicado no veículo para o qual trabalhavam seus autores, é favorável ao golpe de Estado. Como fonte, portanto, a maior riqueza do documento está relacionada à possibilidade de melhor compreender a atuação dos profissionais da imprensa brasileira no período. / Os idos de março e a queda em abril, the first book published about the history of the 1964 coup détat, was printed in the month following President João Goularts fall. Often used by those who search access to the happenings of the days that marked Brazilian history, the book was written by eight journalists of Jornal do Brasil, a newspaper that stood out in the campaign to overthrow the government. The assemblage of the essays, coherent with what had been published in the newspaper for which the authors worked, is favorable to the coup détat. As a source of history, the most important aspect of the document is related to the possibility of better understanding the performance of the Brazilian Newspaper professionals in the period.

Propagation des fissures microscopiques, est représentée par des variables d’endommagement. L’évolution de la variable d’endommagement est généralement formulée sur la base d’observations expérimentales. De nombreux modèles phénoménologiques d’endommagement ont été proposés dans la littérature. L’objet de cette thèse est de développer une nouvelle procédure pour obtenir des lois d’évolution macroscopique d’endommagement,dans lesquelles l’évolution de l’endommagement est entièrement déduite de l’analyse de la microstructure. Nous utilisons une homogénéisation basée sur des développements asymptotiques pour décrire le comportement global à partir de la description explicite d’un volume élémentaire microfissuré.Nous considérons d’une part un critère quasi-fragile (indépendant du temps) puis un critère sous-critique(dépendant du temps) pour décrire la propagation des microfissures. De plus, le frottement entre les lèvres des microfissures est pris en compte. Une analyse énergétique est proposée, conduisant à une loi d’évolution d’endommagement qui intègre une dégradation de la rigidité, un adoucissement du comportement du matériau, des effets de taille et d’unilatéralité, mettant en avant un comportement différent à la rupture en contact avec et sans frottement. L’information sur les micro-fissures est contenue dans les coefficients homogénéisés et dans la loi d’évolution de l’endommagement. Les coefficients homogénéisés décrivent la réponse globale en présence de micro-fissures (éventuellement statiques), tels qu’ils sont calculées avec la(quasi-) solution microscopique statique. La loi d’endommagement contient l’information sur l’évolution des micro-fissures, résultant de l’équilibre énergétique dans le temps pendant la propagation microscopique.La loi homogénéisée est formulée en incrément de contrainte. Les coefficients homogénéisés sont calculées numériquement pour des longueurs de fissures et des orientations différentes. Cela permet la construction complète des lois macroscopiques. Une première analyse concerne le comportement local macroscopique, pour des trajets de chargement complexes, afin de comprendre le comportement prédit par le modèle à deux échelles et l’influence des paramètres micro structuraux, comme par exemple le coefficient de frottement. Ensuite, la mise en œuvre en éléments finis des équations macroscopiques est effectuée et des simulations pour différents essais de compression sont réalisées. Les résultats des simulations numériques sont comparés avec les résultats expérimentaux obtenus en utilisant un nouvel appareil triaxial récemment mis au point au Laboratoire 3SR à Grenoble (France). / In continuum damage models, the degradation of the elastic moduli, as the results of microscopic crackgrowth, is represented through damage variables. The evolution of damage variable is generally postulatedbased on the results of the experimental observations. Many such phenomenological damage modelshave been proposed in the literature. The purpose of this contribution is to develop a new procedurein order to obtain macroscopic damage evolution laws, in which the damage evolution is completelydeduced from micro-structural analysis. We use homogenization based on two-scale asymptotic developmentsto describe the overall behaviour starting from explicit description of elementary volumes withmicro-cracks. We consider quasi-brittle (time independent) and sub-critical (time dependent) criteria formicro-cracks propagation. Additionally, frictional contact is assumed on the crack faces. An appropriatemicro-mechanical energy analysis is proposed, leading to a damage evolution law that incorporates stiffnessdegradation, material softening, size effect, and unilaterality, different fracture behaviour in contactwithout and with friction. The information about micro-cracks is contained in the homogenized coefficientsand in the damage evolution law. The homogenized coefficients describe the overall response inthe presence of (possibly static) micro-cracks, as they are computed with the (quasi-) static microscopicsolution. The damage law contains the information about the evolution of micro-cracks, as a result ofthe energy balance in time during the microscopic propagation. The homogenized law is obtained in therate form. Effective coefficients are numerically computed for different crack lengths and orientations.This allows for the complete construction of the macroscopic laws. A first analysis concerns the localmacroscopic behaviour, for complex loading paths, in order to understand the behaviour predicted bythe two-scale model and the influence of micro structural parameters, like for example friction coefficient.Next, the FEM implementation of the macroscopic equations is performed and simulations for variouscompression tests are conducted. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with the experimentalresults obtained using a new true-triaxial apparatus recently developed at the Laboratory 3SRin Grenoble (France).

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No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_dla_me_sjrp.pdf: 1111954 bytes, checksum: 4ed3ca18ab6bbadc62b1024124eb3be0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 / Na esteira do crescente interesse em português como língua estrangeira, doravante PLE, este trabalho se propõe a contribuir para a formação de professores de PLE quanto a seu entendimento da dinâmica das relações étnico-raciais que marcam a língua portuguesa na sua variante brasileira, sobretudo, no que diz respeito ao racismo antinegro. Espera-se que, por meio de um instrumento de avaliação voltado a professores de PLE, o EPPLE-PLE, esta formação seja melhor informada para a condução do debate acerca da temática racial e, por consequência, a prática docente destes profissionais possa instanciar uma maior sensibilização por parte de professores e aprendentes da língua para esta dimensão cultural que perpassa a historicidade do português brasileiro. Para tanto, valemo-nos da teoria racial crítica aplicada à formação de professores de língua estrangeira como apresentada por Ferreira (2015) e um seu desdobramento, qual seja o letramento racial segundo Skerret (2011), do conceito de washback by design conforme Messick (1989) e da teoria sociocultural nos termos de Vigostski (1987) para este que é um processo de legitimação da elaboração e da proposição de itens para o referido exame. Trata-se de um processo de legitimação de uma proposição de itens e sua posterior elaboração para o que se pretende possa ser uma intervenção benéfica para a prática de professores de PLE. / In the context of increasing interest in Portuguese as a foreign language (henceforth PFL) this project contributes to the understanding of teachers of PFL regarding the racial dynamics that manifest themselves in Brazilian Portuguese, in particular anti-black racism. We argue that considerations about race should form part of the elaboration of an assessment instrument designed for teachers of PFL, the EPPLE-PLE (a proficiency exam for teachers of foreign languages in its Portuguese acronym). In doing so, as an expected result, teaching can inculcate more awareness, both on the part of teachers and learners of PFL, regarding this cultural dimension that forms part of the history of Brazilian Portuguese. To this end, we make use of critical race theory applied to the education of teachers of a foreign language as presented by Ferreira (2015) and the idea of racial literacy according to Skerret (2011), the concept of washback by design by Messick (1989) and the theory of sociocultural perspective by Vigostki (1987), for the selection of items for the aforementioned exam. This is a legitimation process of the proposition of items and their elaboration for an exam that we deem can be a beneficial intervention in the practice of PFL teachers.

Os idos de março e a queda em abril, primeiro livro publicado sobre a história do golpe de 1964, foi impresso no mês seguinte à queda do presidente João Goulart. Frequentemente utilizada por estudiosos que buscam acesso aos acontecimentos daqueles dias que marcaram a história brasileira, a obra foi produzida por oito jornalistas do Jornal do Brasil, periódico que se destacou na campanha para derrubar o governo. O conjunto das narrativas, coerente com o que foi publicado no veículo para o qual trabalhavam seus autores, é favorável ao golpe de Estado. Como fonte, portanto, a maior riqueza do documento está relacionada à possibilidade de melhor compreender a atuação dos profissionais da imprensa brasileira no período. / Os idos de março e a queda em abril, the first book published about the history of the 1964 coup détat, was printed in the month following President João Goularts fall. Often used by those who search access to the happenings of the days that marked Brazilian history, the book was written by eight journalists of Jornal do Brasil, a newspaper that stood out in the campaign to overthrow the government. The assemblage of the essays, coherent with what had been published in the newspaper for which the authors worked, is favorable to the coup détat. As a source of history, the most important aspect of the document is related to the possibility of better understanding the performance of the Brazilian Newspaper professionals in the period.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação tem por objeto a imagem da sexualidade excessiva do brasileiro, como um dos elementos de caracterização da identidade nacional. Toma as obras CasaGrande & Senzala, e Sobrados e Mocambos de Gilberto Freyre como centrais para a difusão dessa crença. A narrativa freyriana combina de forma já observada por diversos críticos, uma alternância entre ênfases mais naturalizantes e outras enraizadas na esfera cultural. No primeiro caso, por exemplo, estabelece nexos entre raça, sexo e clima. No segundo caso, valoriza o papel da escravidão para caracterizar aspectos da miscigenação e da sexualidade, presentes na sociedade brasileira. Salienta-se o modo como o autor construiu seu discurso sobre as relações entre homens e mulheres, negros, índios, mulatos e brancos. Estas são fundadas em categorias opositivas que revelam uma constante na atribuição de predicados que conectam sexo e gênero, raça e etnia, a partir de um viés assimétrico. Tal procedimento analítico sugere um persistente idioma de gênero.