Introdução: O aspecto espiritual tem grande relevância e vem se tornando cada vez mais necessário na prática de assistência à saúde. Estudos científicos comprovam que pessoas doentes, que possuem alguma crença, têm melhor recuperação e adaptação, em caso de enfermidades graves, se comparadas a outras que não a têm. A espiritualidade é particularmente relevante para a enfermagem e, muitas vezes, é exercitada sempre que um indivíduo enfrenta estresse emocional, doença física ou morte. Torna-se importante, portanto, explorar instrumentos que se tornem ferramentas para o enfermeiro quanto a oferecer um melhor cuidado no que se refere à esfera espiritual. A Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) demonstrou, de forma consistente, confiabilidade e validade na identificação de percepções de espiritualidade e cuidado espiritual dos enfermeiros. Na realidade brasileira, não se localizou qualquer outro instrumento que tivesse objetivos iguais, nem semelhantes, aos propostos pela SSCRS. Objetivo: Traduzir a SSCRS para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e avaliar a confiabilidade da versão adaptada, verificando a consistência interna de seus itens em amostra de enfermeiros. Método: Foi utilizada a metodologia proposta por Guillemin, Bombardier e Beaton (1993; 2002) e Beaton et al. (2000): Tradução para língua portuguesa da SSCRS; Síntese das versões traduzidas; Retrotradução (Back Translation); Avaliação pelo Comitê de Especialistas; Aplicação na população-alvo; Tratamentos dos dados. Resultados e Discussão: 202 enfermeiros compuseram a amostra final. O alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,733, considerado aceitável. Quanto à equivalência funcional do instrumento, constatou-se grau satisfatório de equivalência. Os resultados da versão adaptada parecem indicar boa aplicação e bom entendimento do instrumento na amostra investigada. Com os resultados alcançados, levando-se em conta os objetivos propostos neste estudo, infere-se que a SSCRS tem equivalência conceitual, pois o instrumento mostrou-se relevante em todas as etapas do estudo. Infere-se, também, a importância de ter em nossa cultura instrumentos de medida que avaliem a percepção de espiritualidade e cuidado espiritual, pois, conhecendo-se os aspectos da espiritualidade e do cuidado espiritual, se pode oferecer assistência integral e individualizada. Conclusão: A ausência de outros instrumentos de medida de espiritualidade e cuidado espiritual especificamente para a enfermagem não permite a análise mais aprofundada do instrumento. Somente a partir de outros estudos sobre o tema, com outras populações, é que se poderá avançar em pesquisa de medida da espiritualidade e cuidado espiritual. Neste estudo, pode-se concluir que, apesar de terem sido observadas algumas diferenças com os resultados encontrados pelos autores, na versão original, as técnicas empregadas demonstram a validade e a fidedignidade da escala / Introduction: The spiritual aspect is very important and is becoming increasingly necessary in the practice of health care. Scientific studies show that sick people, who have some belief, have better recovery and adaptation, in case of serious illness, compared to others that do not. Spirituality is particularly relevant for nursing and often is exercised when an individual faces emotional stress, physical illness or death. It is therefore important to explore instruments that become tools for nurses as to offer better care in relation to the spiritual realm. The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) demonstrated consistently, reliability and validity in identifying perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care nurses In Brazil, not found any other instrument that had the same goals, or similar, to the proposed by SSCRS.Objective: This study aimed to translate the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) into Portuguese of Brazil, and to evaluate the reliability of the adapted version by checking the internal consistency of its items in a sample of nurses. Method: the methodology proposed by Guillemin, Bombardier and Beaton (1993; 2002) was used and Beaton et al, (2000), composed by the following process: Translation into Portuguese of SSCRS; Summary of translated versions; Back translation (Back Translation); Evaluation by the Expert Committee; application in the target population; Treatment of the data. Results and Discussion: 202 nurses were included in the final sample. Cronbach\'s alfa was 0.733, considered acceptable. As regards the functional equivalence of the instrument, it has been found a satisfactory degree of equivalence. The results of the adapted version seem to indicate a good application and understanding of the instrument in the sample investigated. With the results achieved, taking into account the objectives proposed in this study, it is inferred that the SSCRS presents conceptual equivalence, since the instrument presented is relevant at all stages of the study. The importance of having in our culture measurement tools to assess the perception of spirituality and spiritual care, because only by knowing the aspects of spirituality and spiritual care is that we can offer comprehensive and individualized care is inferred. Conclusion: The lack of others measuring instruments of spirituality and spiritual care specifically for nursing does not allow further analysis of the instrument. Only from other studies on the subject, with other people, is that we can move forward in engineering research of spirituality and spiritual care. In this study, we can conclude that, although it was observed some differences with the results found by the authors in the original version, the techniques used demonstrate the validity and reliability of the scale

Introduction: An increased incidence of schizophrenia among migrant and ethnic minority groups has been established. Ethnic minorities have poorer access to and outcomes from evidence based psychosocial interventions compared to the majority population. The overall aims of this thesis was to explore culturally adapted psychosocial interventions for migrant and ethnic minority schizophrenia sufferers, and use the results of these investigations to develop culturally adapted cognitive remediation (CR) to meet the needs of South Asian first episode sufferers. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of previous randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the quality, methods and effectiveness of culturally adapted psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia. Interviews, analysed using framework analysis, explored the acceptability, and perceived accessibility, of CR to the target population. CR for first episode psychosis was then adapted to target South Asian sufferers' needs and participants' satisfaction and engagement measured in a feasibility study. Results: The systematic review identified 17 RCTs of culturally adapted psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia. Meta-analysis of culturally adapted Family Intervention (caFI) compared to Treatment As Usual (TAU) showed no reduction in relapse risk. There were non-significant reductions in risk and number of hospitalisations during the intervention and significant shortening of total time in hospital. Meta-analysis of culturally adapted Social Skills Training (caSST), compared to TAU showed improvements in medication and symptom management but no effects when compared to a time-matched psychosocial intervention. Results must be interpreted with caution due to the small number of trials included and limitations in their analyses. Cultural adaptations made to the interventions were similar across trials. This allowed for the development of a measure systematically recording the methods used in culturally adapting interventions. Scale items included: language, therapeutic alliance, teaching style, manual content, family, treatment goals, explanatory models of illness, help seeking behaviour, delivery, stigma, societal context and cultural tenets. Emergent themes from qualitative interviews with ten South Asian first episode schizophrenia sufferers included: help seeking for psychosis, sociocultural influences on help seeking, experience of cognitive deficits, and recommended cultural adaptations to CR. CR was well received by all respondents. Level of acculturation and the influence of family and illness beliefs were associated with distinct pathways to care. A feasibility study of culturally adapted cognitive remediation (caCR) for first episode South Asian psychosis patients resulted in high levels of service user satisfaction, therapeutic alliance and participant retention rates. The majority (87.5%) reported cognitive benefits and a boost in self-esteem. Conclusions: The scale of cultural adaptations for psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia will provide a framework for those developing culturally adapted interventions for migrant or ethnic minority communities and a means to record the degree and type of adaptation. CaCR was acceptable to first episode South Asian psychosis sufferers. A larger trial is required to investigate this intervention's efficacy in terms of cognitive and global functioning.

This study investigated certain aspects of the cross-cultural adaptation process of Afghan returnees who have repatriated from Iran to Afghanistan. The study’s particular focus is the issue of cross-cultural adaptation in the current context of Afghanistan; that is, what challenges face Afghans returning from Iran to their country of origin following years of exile in Iran. Afghan immigration to Iran has a long history. Using Young Yun Kim’s cross-cultural adaptation theory as the leading theoretical framework, the researcher investigated the cultural adaptation of those who have lived in Iran for more than 10 years and have repatriated voluntarily to Afghanistan at least three years before the data for this thesis were gathered. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for collecting primary data from participants for the thesis. Twelve young returnees from Kabul City, aged 18 to 40, volunteered to take part in the interviews. Results revealed that language barriers, cultural knowledge and environmental challenges were some of the dominant difficulties that returnees experienced after their repatriation. Furthermore, the findings showed that the three main strategies used by the young returnees to adapt to their unfamiliar, new environment of Kabul City included social interaction, using mass media, and keeping an open mind on current issues. The findings of the interviews revealed the ongoing changing nature of identity formation of the returnees after their repatriation to Afghanistan and, also the majority of participants (9 out of 12) voiced a strong sense of belonging and attachment to Afghanistan.

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of Hong Kong students regarding their experiential encounters and interactions in the natural environment on Vancouver Island and attempt to discover what impact these experiences had on their process of adapting to a new culture. Three participants took part in an unstructured interview session where they shared their personal outdoor stories spanning their life in Hong Kong and in Canada. This was joined with a photo elicitation task to help recall and gain further in-depth insights into their outdoor narratives. The transcripts that resulted, where analysed using inquiry justifications, personal, practical and social (Lindsay & Schwind, 2016). The resulting themes were cultural adaption through socialization, exploration and stability, experiences in nature and access to nature. This study contributes the unique voice of students from Hong Kong and their experiences with nature in Canada and how it has affected their cultural adaption. / Graduate

El objetivo del estudio fue examinar la relación entre la adaptación cultural y la resiliencia en los migrantes venezolanos en Perú. La muestra estuvo conformada por 300 migrantes venezolanos (183 hombres y 117 mujeres), con una estadía mínima de 3 meses en Perú y una edad de 18 a 55. La muestra se dividió en cinco grupos según el grado de instrucción: primaria (n=12), secundaria (n=86), superior básica (técnica) (n=64), superior universitaria (n=122), y maestría y/o doctorado (n=16). Se administró la escala de Adaptación Cultural – IAC (Castro-Solano, 2011), y la escala de Resiliencia (Wagnild & Young, 1993) adaptada por (Castilla, Coronel, Bonilla, Mendoza & Barboza, 2016). Los resultados revelan que existe una mínima relación entre competencia con autonomía (r=.27) y apertura (r=.26); mientras que aceptación con autonomía (r=.10), y apertura (r=.13) una pequeña relación, siendo todas estadísticamente significativas (p< 0,001). Concluyendo que existe una relación mínima entre variables. / The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between cultural adaptation and resilience in Venezuelan migrants in Peru. The sample was made up of 300 Venezuelan migrants (183 men and 117 women), with a minimum stay of 3 months in Peru, with an age between 18 to 55 years old. The sample was divided into five groups according to the education degree: primary (n=12), secondary (n=86), basic superior (technique) (n=64), university superior (n=122), and master's degree and/or doctorate (n=16). The Cultural Adaptation scale - IAC (Castro-Solano, 2011), and the Resilience scale (Wagnild & Young, 1993) adapted by (Castilla, Coronel, Bonilla, Mendoza & Barboza, 2016) were administered. The results reveal that there is a minimal relationship between competition with autonomy (r=.27) and openness (r=.26); while acceptance with autonomy (r=.10), and openness (r=.13) a small relationship, all being statistically significant (p<0.001). Concluding that there is a minimum relationship between variables. / Tesis

Monitoring results is the final step that determines the impact of an evidencebased practice (EBP) decision. A variety of health outcomes can be expected to change following rehabilitation; therefore, outcome measures (OMs) are a major focus of EBP in rehabilitation. For instance, in patients with hand injuries, physiotherapy (PT) services focus on enabling patients to improve their functional use of the traumatized hand. Examining current practice of physiotherapists (PTs) in Saudi Arabia with respect to use of EBP and OMs can serve as a basis for understanding any identified gaps in knowledge before the full effect of translation and adoption of new patient self-reported outcomes (PROs) instruments can be seen in clinical practice. Therefore, this thesis was designed in two phases, incorporating two papers, to address EBP and PROs and their adoption in the evolving PT practice in Saudi. The first paper is a survey that aimed to determine the current self-reported attitudes, skills, and knowledge of PTs in Saudi Arabia toward EBP and outcome measures, including PROs. The second paper describes the process of crosscultural Arabic translation and adaptation of the Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) and reports estimates of the psychometrics properties of the translated measure. Finally, the thesis addresses overall areas of limitations and includes suggestions for future refinement and research in order to foster and facilitate EBP implementation in the cultural context of the evolving physiotherapy profession in the health systems of Saudi Arabia. / Thesis / Master of Science Rehabilitation Science (MSc)

No description available.

Chaque année, de nombreux programmes de prévention des dépendances sont implantés dans les écoles québécoises. L'efficacité de ces programmes peut être minée par différents facteurs, dont le manque d’adaptation du programme aux caractéristiques de la population ciblée (Grover, 2010; Grover, Cram et Bowman, 2007; McKennitt, 2007) et les problèmes d'implantation (Janosz, 2010; Joly, Tourigny et Thibaudeau, 2005). Ainsi, un programme probant pourrait s'avérer peu efficace s’il est mal adapté ou mal implanté (Botvin, Baker, Dusenbury, Tortu et Botvin, 1990; Chen, 2015; Dumas, Lynch, Laughlin, Smith et Prinz, 2001; Dusenbury, Brannigan, Falco et Hansen, 2003; Janosz, 2010; Rohrbach, Graham et Hansen, 1993; Rossi, Lipsey et Freeman, 2004) ou encore créer des effets iatrogènes chez la population ciblée (Botvin et Griffin, 2007; Craplet, 2006; Sohn, 2000; Werch et Owen, 2002). Au Québec, si l’étude de l'adaptation et de l’implantation des programmes de prévention en milieu scolaire apparait limitée pour la population générale (Janosz, 2010; Roberge, Choinière et Laverdure, 2009), elle semble absente chez la population autochtone. Or, dans certaines communautés autochtones québécoises, des taux élevés de consommation de psychotropes sont rapportés, sans compter que l'initiation à l’alcool et aux drogues survient à un âge précoce (Cotton et Laventure, 2013; Pronovost, Plourde, Alain, Eveno et Laperrière, 2009). Les particularités culturelles et la dispersion géographique de certaines communautés d'une même Nation peuvent complexifier l'implantation des programmes (Dell et al., 2012; Grover, 2010; Grover et al., 2007; McKennitt, 2007; Whitbeck, Walls et Welch, 2012). Pour offrir des programmes de prévention qui répondent aux besoins des jeunes autochtones, leur adaptation et l’évaluation de leur implantation apparaissent alors essentielles (Kumpfer, Pinyuchon, de Melo et Henry, 2008; McKleroy et al., 2006; Ringwalt et Bliss, 2006; Wingood et DiClemente, 2008). Cette thèse par articles a pour but d’expérimenter l'adaptation culturelle d'un programme de prévention. À cette fin, le premier article vise à identifier les facteurs facilitant ou entravant l’implantation initiale d’un programme de prévention des dépendances (Système d) chez les élèves innus du Québec d'âge scolaire primaire. Le second article vise à illustrer le processus d’adaptation de ce même programme, puis à vérifier la fidélité de son implantation en ce qui a trait à l'adhérence au contenu. Cette thèse comporte un devis de recherche mixte incorporé. Dans le volet qualitatif, différents répondants ont été rencontrés afin de documenter leur satisfaction et d’identifier les facteurs ayant facilité et entravé l'implantation: les animateurs du programme (n=6), les intervenants scolaires (n=2), les enseignants (n=2), la direction de l'école (n=1) et les parents des élèves ayant participé à la version initiale du programme (n=9). Dans le volet quantitatif, des journaux de bord ont permis de compléter l'identification des facteurs, en plus de mesurer l'adhérence au contenu de la version initiale du programme puis de sa version adaptée. Les résultats obtenus ont permis d’identifier différents facteurs entravant l'implantation du programme (manque de disponibilité des membres du personnel scolaire, complexité de certains concepts). D’autres facteurs ont toutefois facilité l’implantation du programme (adaptation en cours d’animation, capacité de résolution de problèmes des animateurs et des enseignants). Si certains de ces facteurs (formation au programme, aptitudes des personnes qui implantent) sont également observés en milieu scolaire non autochtone, d'autres facteurs (implication de membres du Conseil de bande, barrières de la langue et de la culture) apparaissent plus spécifiques au contexte communautaire autochtone. L’identification de ces facteurs, bien qu'elle ne concerne qu'une communauté autochtone, pourrait être transposée à d’autres communautés afin optimiser l’implantation et l'adaptation des programmes de prévention dans leurs écoles. Les principales adaptations apportées au programme Système d concernent la restructuration du protocole d'intervention (réduction de la durée des ateliers, ajout d'un cinquième atelier ainsi que d'un volet communautaire), la diversification des méthodes pédagogiques utilisées et l’intégration de références culturelles autochtones dans le contenu du programme. Il semble toutefois que l'adaptation du programme, bien que nécessaire pour correspondre à la réalité des élèves innus, se soit avérée insuffisante pour augmenter l'adhérence à son contenu. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus dans cette thèse permet de sensibiliser les différents praticiens des milieux scolaires autochtones, dont les psychoéducateurs, sur l'importance de sélectionner, implanter et adapter avec soin des programmes afin de prévenir adéquatement les dépendances auprès des jeunes autochtones.

Introdução O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 representa 90 por cento a 95 por cento dos casos de diabetes em todo mundo. Objetivo - realizar a adaptação transcultural de um questionário internacional para identificar indivíduos com risco de desenvolver diabetes mellitus tipo 2 na população adulta. Métodos para adaptação transcultural foram realizados equivalência conceitual de itens, semântica, operacional e de mensuração. Foram realizadas 2 traduções para a língua portuguesa do Take the Test. Know the score, e posterior síntese, gerando a primeira versão do questionário. Uma primeira amostra de adultos (n=17) foi utilizada para o teste piloto, com aplicação da primeira versão do questionário, para avaliar a compreensão do texto. De acordo com os resultados, elaborou-se a segunda versão que foi retraduzida. O questionário foi dividido em três partes; introdução, quadro de questões e quadro de pontuação para a avaliação da equivalência semântica, que conduziu a versão final do, Questionário de Risco para Diabetes Mellitus (QRDM) que foi aplicado em uma segunda amostra (n=28), para verificação da equivalência operacional e de mensuração - confiabilidade pelo coeficiente de Kappa. Resultados - Da perspectiva do significado referencial a introdução e quadro de questões apresentaram semelhança quando comparadas a versão adaptada e original; para o quadro de pontuação, a semelhança entre os significados foi insatisfatória (pois todo o conteúdo da versão adaptada referenciou o ambiente brasileiro). Na avaliação do significado a introdução mostrou-se completamente alterada. O quadro de questões apresentou somente duas questões (28,4 por cento), com significado completamente alterado e muito alterado, duas outras (28,4 por cento) pouco alterado e três (43 por cento) inalterados. A confiabilidade encontrou Kappa variando entre 0,461 a 1,0, apontando concordância de moderada a forte entre o teste e reteste. Conclusão A adaptação transcultural foi conduzida em todas as suas etapas, resultando no Questionário de Risco para Diabetes Mellitus (QRDM), uma ferramenta prática e de baixo custo, capaz de identificar indivíduos adultos com risco de desenvolver DM2, além de promover a conscientização sobre os cuidados com o DM. A equivalência de mensuração apresentou boa confiabilidade. Recomenda-se outras avaliações psicométricas futuras / Introduction - Diabetes mellitus type 2 represents 90 per cent to 95 per cent of cases of diabetes worldwide. Objective- To perform the cross-cultural adaptation of an international questionnaire to identify individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. Methods - A cross-cultural adaptation were made to the methodological processes: conceptual and item equivalence, semantic equivalence, operational equivalence and measurement. There were two translations into Portuguese and subsequent synthesis, generating the first version of the questionnaire. For data collection were selected two samples. In the first sample (n = 17) was conducted pilot testing, with application of the first version of the questionnaire in order to assess the comprehension text. According to the results, drafted as the second version was retranslated. The questionnaire was divided into three parts, introduction, table of questions and the score board for the evaluation of semantic equivalence, which led to the final, \"Survey of Risk for Diabetes Mellitus (QRDM)\" that was applied in a second sample (n = 28) for verification of operational equivalence and measurement - reliability by Kappa coefficient. Results - From the perspective of the introduction of referential meaning and context of the questions were similar when comparing the original and adapted version, for the scoring table, the similarity between the meanings was unsatisfactory (for the entire contents of the adapted version referenced the Brazilian environment). In assessing the significance of the introduction proved to be completely changed. The framework of questions presented only two questions (28.4 per cent) with a completely different meaning and much changed, the other two (28.4 per cent) little changed and three (43 per cent) unchanged. The Kappa reliability found ranging from 0.461 to 1.0, indicating moderate to strong correlation between test and retest. Conclusion - The cultural adaptation was conducted in all its stages, resulting in the \"Questionário de Risco para Diabetes Mellitus\" (QRDM), a practical and low cost, able to identify adults at risk of developing DM2, in addition to promoting awareness about the care of the DM. Measurement equivalence showed good reliability. It is recommended that other psychometric assessments in the future

Aspectos metodológicos envolvidos na mensuração de atividade física têm sido cada vez mais requisitados em pesquisas na área de ciências da saúde. Observa-se ausência de questionários adaptados à realidade brasileira na faixa etária de 7 a 10 anos. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a adaptação transcultural de questionário já validado para faixa etária de 7 a 10 anos para avaliar atividade física. A partir de levantamento bibliográfico extenso identificou-se o questionário a ser adaptado (Physical Activity Checklist Interview). Na adaptação transcultural envolveu-se a avaliação da equivalência conceitual na qual verificou que o questionário avaliava o construto de interesse e suas dimensões. Na equivalência de itens observou que alguns não eram equivalentes à cultura brasileira, sugerindo substituições equivalentes ao original. E na equivalência semântica foram realizadas tradução, retradução e avaliação dos significados conotativo e referencial, nos quais alguns itens apresentaram modificações, porém não foram consideradas discrepantes entre as versões. O pré-teste do questionário adaptado foi realizado com 24 crianças de 7 a 10 anos, da Escola de Aplicação da USP. Foi possível observar que a lista de atividades auxiliou para a lembrança das atividades realizadas no dia anterior, dificuldade na estimativa do tempo em minutos de atividade física e ocupações sedentárias no dia anterior. O tempo de entrevista foi longo e os avaliadores apresentaram dificuldade quanto à classificação sobre a avaliação da entrevista. Conclui-se que o questionário avalia o construto atividade física e suas respectivas dimensões, necessitando a realização das etapas de equivalência de mensuração e operacional para ser considerado adaptado. / Methodological aspects involved in the measurement of physical activity have been more and more requested in researches on the health science field. The absence of questionnaires adapted to the Brazilian reality in the group of 7 to 10 years old was investigated. The purpose of this study was to perform the cross cultural adaptation of a validated questionnaire for children between 7 to 10 years old to assess physical activity. From extensive bibliographic survey, the questionnaire to be adapted (Physical Activity Checklist Interview) was identified. In the cross cultural adaptation, engaged the conceptual equivalence was assessed, in which was found that the questionnaire evaluated the interest construction and it's dimensions. In the item equivalence, it was noted that some items were not equivalent to the Brazilian culture, suggesting substitutions similar to the source. And, in the semantic equivalence, translation, backtranslation and evaluation of connotative and referential meaning were carried out. The adapted questionnaire pre test was conducted with 24 children from 7 to 10 years old, in Escola de Aplicação from USP. It was possible to observe that the activity list helped them remember the activities held as well as difficulty in estimating minutes of physical activity and sedentary occupations on the previous day. The interview took very long time and the interviewers showed difficulty in classifying the interview evaluation. We can conclude that the questionnaire assesses the construct physical activity and it's dimensions, requiring implementation of measurement and operational equivalence stages to be adapted. Cross cultural adaptation of an instrument of assessment of physical activity for children between 7 to 10 years old: evaluation of conceptual, items, semantic and operational equivalence