Un peu plus de 2 % de la population québécoise est membre des Premières Nations. Malgré les efforts investis dans la promotion de la santé et la prévention de la maladie, une majorité d’entre eux souffrent de multiples maladies chroniques. Par ailleurs, le récent rapport de la Commission d’enquête sur les relations entre les Autochtones et certains services publics (CERP, 2019) a mis en lumière les barrières culturelles et les problèmes d’accès aux services de santé. La présence simultanée de ces enjeux, reliée notamment à certaines habitudes de vie et à l’accès aux soins, justifie la pertinence de mieux comprendre l’état de la situation. L'objectif général de ce projet doctoral est d’examiner les habitudes de vie et les services de santé offerts aux Premières Nations de la région de la Mauricie et Centre-du-Québec. Réalisé à l’aide d’un devis de recherche mixte (questionnaires et entretiens semi-dirigés), ce projet doctoral comporte trois sous-objectifs : (1) dresser un portrait des comportements alimentaires et d’activités physiques des Autochtones à l’aide d’un examen de la portée (étude 1); (2) explorer les comportements alimentaires et d’activités physiques des personnes issues des Premières Nations et les significations qui y sont associées (études 2a et 2b); et (3) examiner l’autoperception de la compétence culturelle des infirmières travaillant auprès de la clientèle autochtone (étude 3). Considérant l’aspect holistique de la santé, le cadre conceptuel qui oriente ce projet est celui du ministère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux (MSSS) portant sur la santé et ses déterminants, avec ces cinq catégories : le contexte global, les systèmes, les milieux de vie, les caractéristiques individuelles et l'état de santé de la population. Les résultats de l’étude 1 de cette thèse soulignent la transition alimentaire des Autochtones du Canada par une diminution de la consommation d’aliments traditionnels, qui renvoie à une baisse de la qualité nutritionnelle. Il y a également une pratique régulière d’activités physiques, malgré la présence de nombreuses barrières associées à l’environnement physique, économique et politique En ce qui concerne l’étude pilote 2a et son déploiement 2b, l’alimentation traditionnelle est apparu comme une constituante importante du menu, mais parfois difficilement disponible. Un écart est observé entre les recommandations du Guide alimentaire canadien (version Premières Nations, Inuit et Métis) et la réalité des participants, notamment quant à la consommation de fruits et légumes. Pour sa part, la pratique d’activités physiques des Premières Nations à l’étude est comparable à l’ensemble de la population québécoise. Aussi, les significations associées à ces deux habitudes de vie sont imprégnées d’une vision holistique, soit l’équilibre entre les aspects physiques, émotionnels, psychologiques et spirituels. Enfin, en ce qui concerne les résultats de l’étude 3, les infirmières du département de l’urgence, en centre hospitalier, qui agissent souvent en première ligne, se sentent moins confiantes dans leurs habiletés d’aborder certains aspects de la santé avec la clientèle autochtone et pour cause, la formation initiale sur ce sujet semble peu développée. Ce projet doctoral offre donc une meilleure compréhension des habitudes de vie et des services de santé offerts aux Premières Nations de la Mauricie et Centre-du-Québec. L’originalité du projet repose sur sa méthodologie mixte, l’implication de collaborateurs autochtones et la diversité des participants, résidant à la fois dans des communautés territoriales et des milieux urbains. Enfin, sa pertinence s’appuie sur les inégalités de santé vécues par les Autochtones, l'importance des compétences culturelles à développer et maintenir chez les professionnels de la santé, de même que l’importance sociale de ce sujet, qui est directement en lien avec les priorités actuelles de recherche et même politiques. / First Nations people comprise just over 2% of the Quebec population. Despite the effort invested in health promotion and disease prevention, a majority of them suffer from multiple chronic diseases. Moreover, the recent Public Inquiry Commission (2019) report on relations between Indigenous peoples (First Nations, Métis and Inuit) and certain public services in Quebec highlights the cultural barriers and problems Indigenous people encounter when accessing health services. The simultaneous presence of these concerns, which are related to particular lifestyle habits and access to care, justify the relevance of seeking a better understanding of the situation. The general objective of this doctoral project is to examine lifestyle habits and health services offered to the First Nations people of the Mauricie and Centre-du-Québec region. Conducted using a mixed research design (questionnaires and semi-structured interviews), this doctoral project has three sub-objectives: (1) to draw a portrait of Indigenous people’s eating behaviours and physical activities (study 1), (2) to explore the eating and physical activity behaviours of First Nations people and the meanings associated with them (studies 2a and 2b), and (3) to examine the self-perceptions of cultural competence among nurses working with Indigenous clientele (study 3). Considering the holistic aspect of health, the conceptual framework guiding this project is that of the Ministry of Health and Social Services of Quebec (MHSSQ) on health and its determinants using five categories: the global context, systems, living environments, individual characteristics and the health status of the population. Two-eyed seeing and cultural safety are also concepts that guides the entire research process. In this thesis, the results of study 1 emphasize the dietary transition of Indigenous people in Canada through a decrease in the consumption of traditional foods, which is related to a decrease in nutritional quality. Also, there is regular physical activity, despite the presence of many barriers associated with the physical, economic and political environment. In the pilot study 2a and its deployment 2b, traditional food appeared to be an important component of the menu, but sometimes difficult to obtain. A gap was observed between the recommendations of Canada's Food Guide (First Nations, Inuit and Métis version) and the reality of the participants, particularly with regard to the consumption of fruits and vegetables. While the physical activity level of the First Nations in the study is comparable to that of the general Quebec population. Also, the meanings associated with these two lifestyle are imbued with a holistic vision, namely, the balance of physical, emotional, psychological and spiritual elements. Then, with respect to the results of study 3, nurses in hospital emergency departments, who are often an individual’s first contact with health services, lack confidence in their ability to address particular aspects of health with Indigenous clientele. This is understandable, as initial training for nurses on this issue does not seem to be well developed. This doctoral project provides a better understanding of the lifestyle habits of First Nations people in the Mauricie and Centre-du-Québec region and the health services offered to them, and it may increase awareness of this clientele’s the region’s health issues among staff in the area’s health networks. Its originality is derived from its mixed methodology, the involvement of First Nations patients as partners and the diversity of the First Nations participants who reside in both territorial communities and urban settings. Finally, its relevance is based on the health inequalities experienced by Indigenous people, the importance of developing and maintaining cultural competencies among health care professionals and the high social relevance of its topic, which is directly related to current research and even political priorities.

No description available.

This research study examines Jewish women’s traditions from the perspective of midwives, in the United States (US), particularly midwives in Florida and New York, based on their work caring for women of childbearing age in the Hasidic Ashkenazi and Sephardic Orthodox communities. The reproductive traditions examined in this research may be practiced differently depending on a woman’s degree of religiosity and the rabbinic authorities in their communities. The primary data I collected in this study are based on ethnographic methods, including participant-observation with midwives, and semi-structured interviews with midwives and rebbetzins. The secondary data draws on my analysis of the professional context for the practice of midwifery in the US, and Talmudic texts and rabbinical rulings related to family planning, reproduction, and sexuality education. This study shows how midwives are central to these traditions and facilitate not only the family planning and childbearing experiences, but also the religious practices that go with reproductive healthcare. This research also demonstrates how midwives who take care of Jewish women negotiate on behalf of their patients with the local rabbis to provide care that is patient-centered and clinically recommended on the one hand but is culturally appropriate on the other hand. My research study builds on and contributes to anthropological scholarship about Jewish women and reproductive healthcare, and considers whether, and how, the reproductive health practices of the Hasidic women are surviving in a changing world.

The study examined minority persons’ views and experiences with Child Protective Services (CPS) in the community. This study used a qualitative design with face‑to‑face interviews with 12 participants in the community. This study used the “Post‑Positivist” data analysis, which is qualitative in evaluation and explained each participant’s subjective reality. The study found that most participants were satisfied with the results and were dissatisfied with the process in and of itself. Overall the study found that most participants felt that there was some sort of a disconnect with social workers in reference to cultural competency. Miscommunication between the social workers at agencies and parents could have played a significant role in why participants had these experiences. However, most participants felt that the agency helped with services that ultimately left the participants feeling a sense of awareness about the purpose of the agency. The study suggests that implementing a program that would allow the community to be informed of all the programs that Child Protective Services can provide be critical in aiding and empowering the members of the community and in helping reduce CPS caseloads significantly.

Introduction: La justice sociale, l’empathie et la responsabilité sociale sont des thèmes émergents en médecine dentaire. Plusieurs facultés de médecine dentaire ont commencé à incorporer ces concepts dans leur curriculum, mais nos connaissances sur l’efficacité de ces initiatives sont limitées. L’objectif de cette étude était de comprendre comment les étudiants et enseignants perçoivent l’enseignement de la justice sociale en médecine dentaire au premier cycle. Méthodes : Nous avons effectué une recherche qualitative en utilisant des entretiens semi- dirigés avec des étudiants, professeurs et cliniciens de la Faculté de médecine dentaire de l’Université de Montréal. Nous avons recruté 18 participants en utilisant un échantillonnage déterministe jusqu’à saturation. Les entrevues ont été enregistrées et retranscrites intégralement. Elles ont ensuite été codées avec le logiciel QDA Miner 5.0 (Provalis 2016). Une analyse thématique a été entreprise pour dégager les thèmes émergents en utilisant une méthodologie qualitative. Résultats : Cinq thèmes ont émergé des résultats. Certains étudiants étaient plus enclins à s’intéresser à la justice sociale et à participer aux activités communautaires facultatives. L’enseignement actuel comporte des lacunes incluant un manque d’exposition à certains plans de traitements alternatifs. Certaines barrières à l’enseignement ont été identifiées, le plus important étant un manque de temps dans le curriculum. L’enseignement souhaité de la justice sociale inclurait une prise de conscience accrue et une participation active des étudiants, une prise de responsabilité pour motiver l’action et produire un changement. L’application de la justice sociale en médecine dentaire se traduit par des soins accessibles et adaptés au patient. Conclusion: Les résultats de cette étude fournissent des pistes de réflexion pour le développement d’un curriculum de justice sociale qui pourra être évalué et validé, dans le but de former des dentistes socialement compétents qui prodigueront des soins axés sur le patient. / Introduction : Social justice, empathy and social responsibility are emerging themes in dentistry. Many dental faculties have started incorporating these concepts in their curriculum, but our knowledge of the effectiveness of these initiatives is limited. The objective of this study was to understand how students and educators perceive social justice education in the undergraduate dentistry program. Methods : We performed qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with students, professors and clinical faculty at the Université de Montréal dental school. We recruited 18 participants using purposeful sampling until saturation. The interviews were recorded and transcribed integrally. They were coded using QDA Miner 5.0 (Provalis 2016). Thematic analysis was undertaken to elucidate emerging themes using qualitative methodology. Results : Five themes emerged from the results. Certain students were more inclined to be interested in social justice and participate in voluntary community-based activities. There were gaps in current teaching methods including a lack of exposure to certain alternative treatment plans. Some barriers to teaching were identified, the most important being a lack of time. Desired teaching of social justice would include increased awareness and active student participation, and taking responsibility to motivate action to produce social change. The application of social justice in dentistry involves accessible and adapted care for patients. Conclusion : The results of this study provide insight for the development of a social justice education curriculum in dentistry that can be evaluated and validated in order to form socially competent dentists who can provide patient-centered care to the community.

This thesis examines how cultural competency operates as a regime of governmentality. Inspired by Foucauldian genealogy, institutional ethnography, and Said’s concept of contrapuntality, this thesis problematizes the seamless production of racialized bodies in relation to mental disorder. I begin by elaborating a theoretical framework for interpreting race and madness as mutually constructed ordering practices. I then analyze what cultural competence produces and sustains in a position paper published by the Ontario Federation of Community Mental Health and Addiction Programs. I argue the Federation dismisses ongoing institutional violence—suggesting it is simply the perception, as opposed to the everyday reality, of discrimination that causes problems such as low educational attainment among youth of colour. To further support this claim, I deconstruct narratives of low self-esteem, maladaptive coping, depression, and denial of mental illness in the community needs assessments of two of the Federation’s member organizations: Hong Fook and Across Boundaries.

This thesis examines how cultural competency operates as a regime of governmentality. Inspired by Foucauldian genealogy, institutional ethnography, and Said’s concept of contrapuntality, this thesis problematizes the seamless production of racialized bodies in relation to mental disorder. I begin by elaborating a theoretical framework for interpreting race and madness as mutually constructed ordering practices. I then analyze what cultural competence produces and sustains in a position paper published by the Ontario Federation of Community Mental Health and Addiction Programs. I argue the Federation dismisses ongoing institutional violence—suggesting it is simply the perception, as opposed to the everyday reality, of discrimination that causes problems such as low educational attainment among youth of colour. To further support this claim, I deconstruct narratives of low self-esteem, maladaptive coping, depression, and denial of mental illness in the community needs assessments of two of the Federation’s member organizations: Hong Fook and Across Boundaries.

Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)

Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.