Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Alves Magalhaes.pdf: 1425979 bytes, checksum: a8fc13cdda3efb34f4c98048c93fd01b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-10 / The main objective of this work is to understand critically the relations established between a teacher and 13 elementary students in the English Class at a private school in São Paulo city and the process of production of new ways of thinking and acting of these participants when collaborative contexts organized for critical reflection take place in the classroom. More specifically, it aims at investigating how these relations are organized and which roles teacher and students play in the group, as well as verifying which ways of acting are built collectively in the classroom and their relation with intentionality. The theoretical framework is based on Spinoza (1677/2011) and the concept of affect, the Social Cultural Historical Activity Theory (TASHC) as discussed in Vygotsky (1930/2008; 1934/2008; 1987), Leontiev(1977) e Engeström (1987; 1999; 2001); the concepts of dialogism and otherness according to Bakthin (1929/2002; 1979/2003) and Magalhães e Oliveira (2011); and the concepts of collaboration and critical reflection as proposed by Magalhães (2010;2009;2007).In thiscontext, theEnglishclassisunderstood as a social cultural historical activity, in which students and teacher are active and effective participants in the construction of a collective object. It is organized according to the methodological principles of the Critical Collaborative Research (PCCOL) as proposed by Magalhães (2009). The relations among participants can be characterized as collaborative once moments are created in which collaboration is essential for the sharing of new meanings and the production of new ways of being and acting in the world. Data was analyzed following categories developed by Bronckart (1997), Smyth (1992), Liberali (2004), Magalhães (2004), Orsolini (2005), Pontecorvo (2005), Brookfield&Preskill (2005);Magalhães and Fidalgo (2007). The data analysis points at the creation of the collaborative contexts in the classroom which promoted transformation in the ways of acting of the subjects of the Activity, making way for the development of new roles of student and teacher, thus broadening the possibilities of development and performance in the context given / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral compreender criticamente as relações entre professora e alunos de oitavo e nono anos em aula de língua inglesa em uma escola da rede privada da cidade de São Paulo e o processo de produção de novos modos de pensar e agir desses participantes a partir da criação de contextos colaborativos organizados para reflexão crítica sobre si mesmos nas relações com colegas e professora. Especificamente, busca investigar como as relações são organizadas e quais os diferentes papeis de aluno e professora nesta turma, além de verificar quais modos de agir são construídos coletivamente em sala de aula e qual a relação com a intencionalidade em agir. A fundamentação teórica está embasada no monismo spinozano (1677/2011) e sua discussão sobre afeto, além da Teoria da Atividade Sócio- Histórico-Cultural (TASCH) como discutida nos trabalhos de Vygotsky (1930/2008; 1934/2008; 1987), Leontiev(1977) e Engeström (1987; 1999; 2001); nos conceitos de dialogia e alteridade segundo Bakthin (1929/2002; 1979/2003) e Magalhães e Oliveira (2011) e nos conceitos de colaboração e reflexão crítica discutidos por Magalhães (2010; 2009; 2007). Neste contexto, a aula de inglês é compreendida como uma atividade sóciohistórico- cultural, em que alunos e professora são participantes ativos e efetivos na construção do objeto coletivo. Em termos metodológicos, está apoiada nos pressupostos da Pesquisa Crítica de Colaboração - PCCol, segundo Magalhães (2009). As relações entre os participantes caracterizam-se como colaborativas, uma vez que a colaboração é central para o compartilhamento de novos significados e produção de novos modos de ser e agir no mundo. Os dados foram analisados a partir das categorias desenvolvidas por Bronckart (1997), Smyth (1992), Liberali (2004), Magalhães (2004), Orsolini (2005), Pontecorvo (2005), Brookfield&Preskill (2005); Magalhães e Fidalgo (2007). A discussão dos dados aponta para a criação de novos contextos colaborativos em sala de aula que promoveram transformações nos modos de agir dos sujeitos da atividade, possibilitando o desenvolvimentos de novos papeis de aluno e professor e ampliando as possibilidades de desenvolvimento e atuação no próprio contexto

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maiara Tibola.pdf: 7660467 bytes, checksum: a56047c33e47216f21e7881fb6835800 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / This essay was developed in the perspective to think in quality of the teaching and learning of Geography for blinds in Francisco Beltrão-PR. For this propose, from the reality of schools, the necessity of building of tactile educational materials that allow the orientation. The search has three specific objectives: to identify how is the teacher's mediation in the process of the teaching and learning of Geography for blinds; To understand how is the spatial location of the geographical phenomenon represented in map; to establish the articulation between matter and form, by means of cartographic language, for that geographical term be built, with approach for the inclusive perspective in Brazil and the progress according with the laws. The search has the hypothesis that there is the necessity to form one context more accurate of situation of education theses subjects, just as well, in necessity for change in form of to teach in mainstream education schools. The theoretical approach was guided in Vygotsky that investigated the process of school inclusion, just as well in teaching and learning of Geography. To realize the search we identify the educations institutions that has blind students in mainstream education in Francisco Beltrão-PR, and theses, we assess the questionnaire answered by Geography teachers of mainstream education with blind students. In sequence, we interview the teachers that realize the Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) (Special Education Services, SES), do Centro de Atendimento Especializado ao Deficiente Visual (CAEDV) (Accessibility Center to the Visually Impaired Student), also was analyzed the Centro de Apoio Pedagógico para Atendimento às Pessoas com Deficiência Visual (CAP) that provide adapted materials for the teaching and learning of students and the Geography's teacher in public school. We identify one case of blind student that attended in 8ºgrade of elementary school. The interviews had for objective to identify how the inclusion of blind students in schools, to analyze the materials conditions of work of teacher, and to refer the difficult of teacher about the teaching of Geography for blind students. The activities with maps mediate the process of investigation how the blind student understands geographical area by means of route: house until the school, front of school until the classroom; in classroom and house until downtown Francisco Beltrão. From now, education materials were building to mediate the understanding of location of student, since the Geography is built from of events off classroom. This way, the results of search were the limitations of blind students, as absence of vision, can be overcome, provided realize the process of interaction of subjects with social environment, to have domain of cartography language and with the use of tactile educational materials. / A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida na perspectiva de pensar na qualidade do ensino e aprendizagem de Geografia para cegos no município de Francisco Beltrão - PR. Para tanto, partimos da realidade das escolas, da necessidade de construção de materiais didáticos táteis que permitam a orientação. A pesquisa delineou três objetivos específicos: identificar como ocorre a mediação do professor no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Geografia para cegos; compreender como acontece a localização espacial dos fenômenos geográficos representados no mapa; estabelecer a articulação entre conteúdo e forma, por meio da linguagem cartográfica, para que se construam conhecimentos dos conceitos geográficos, com enfoque para a perspectiva inclusiva do Brasil e ao avanço de acordo com as legislações. A pesquisa segue conduzida pela hipótese de que existe a necessidade de formar um quadro mais preciso da situação da educação desses sujeitos, bem como, na premente necessidade de mudança na forma de ensinar nas escolas de ensino regular. O referencial teórico foi pautado nos estudos de Vigotski, que investigou o processo de inclusão escolar, bem como nos estudos voltados ao ensino e aprendizagem de Geografia. Para realizar a pesquisa identificamos as instituições de ensino que possuem alunos cegos matriculados no ensino regular no município de Francisco Beltrão-PR, e nestas, avaliamos os questionários respondidos pelos professores de Geografia do ensino regular que tem alunos cegos inclusos. Na sequência, entrevistamos os professores que realizam o Atendimento Educacional especializado (AEE) do Centro de Atendimento Especializado ao Deficiente Visual (CAEDV); também analisamos o Centro de Apoio Pedagógico para Atendimento às Pessoas com Deficiência Visual (CAP) que fornece materiais adaptados e acessíveis para o ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos e o professor de Geografia da rede pública de ensino. Como diagnóstico, identificamos um caso de uma aluna cega que frequentava o 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental II. As entrevistas tinham por objetivo identificar como ocorre a inclusão de alunos cegos nas escolas, analisar as condições materiais do trabalho do professor, e indicar e indagar as dificuldades do professor quanto ao ensino de Geografia para alunos cegos. As atividades com mapas mediaram o processo de investigação de como a aluna cega compreende o espaço geográfico por meio dos trajetos: casa até a escola; frente da escola até a sala de aula; na sala de aula e casa até o centro de Francisco Beltrão. A partir disso, foram construídos materiais didáticos para mediar a compreensão de localização da aluna, pois a Geografia é construída a partir de acontecimentos além da sala de aula. Desta forma, os resultados da pesquisa ratificam que as limitações dos alunos cegos, quanto à ausência da visão, podem ser superados, desde que se realize o processo de interação dos sujeitos com o meio social, ao ter domínio da linguagem cartográfica e com a utilização de recursos didáticos táteis.

<p>Purpose/Aim: Exhibitions in cultural-historical museums have traditionally been object-centered and associated with one-way communication. The aim of this thesis is to gain knowledge about how exhibition producers – and educationalists at swedish cultural-historical museums today relate to communication in exhibitions from a communication scientific perspective.</p><p>Material/Method: The method of the thesis is interviews exhibition producers – and educationalists at five swedish cultural-historical museums about how they work with communication issues in exhibitions. The empiricism gained from the interviews have been analyzed from a communication scientific angle, using two communication theories as idealtypes for communication processes; Shannon and Weaver´s model and Stuart Hall´s encoding/decoding-theory.</p><p>Main results: Communication in exhibitions have developed, much due to the use of more channels for communicating with the visitors and the acknowledgement of the visitor as an active subject in interpreting the exhibitions and their message.Despite this development, communication in exhibitions still have features of a one-way communication. The main feature is the lack of possibilities for visitors to communicate their interpretations and point of views of the exhibition back to the exhibition producers. This leaves the visitors more or less passive in the communication process that is taking place in exhibitions in the same way that the model for communication by Shannon and Weaver describes.</p>

Purpose/Aim: Exhibitions in cultural-historical museums have traditionally been object-centered and associated with one-way communication. The aim of this thesis is to gain knowledge about how exhibition producers – and educationalists at swedish cultural-historical museums today relate to communication in exhibitions from a communication scientific perspective. Material/Method: The method of the thesis is interviews exhibition producers – and educationalists at five swedish cultural-historical museums about how they work with communication issues in exhibitions. The empiricism gained from the interviews have been analyzed from a communication scientific angle, using two communication theories as idealtypes for communication processes; Shannon and Weaver´s model and Stuart Hall´s encoding/decoding-theory. Main results: Communication in exhibitions have developed, much due to the use of more channels for communicating with the visitors and the acknowledgement of the visitor as an active subject in interpreting the exhibitions and their message.Despite this development, communication in exhibitions still have features of a one-way communication. The main feature is the lack of possibilities for visitors to communicate their interpretations and point of views of the exhibition back to the exhibition producers. This leaves the visitors more or less passive in the communication process that is taking place in exhibitions in the same way that the model for communication by Shannon and Weaver describes.

The aim of this thesis is to get a better understanding of the role of practical work in physics education in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). The Lao PDR is one of least developed countries in the world with a weak base for science, and poor market opportunities for science graduates. The rapidly expanding educational system has many problems concerning quality of the infrastructure and staff competence. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used in the study in order to assure reliability of the results. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, video-recordings, and my own ethnographic experiences of working in the Lao educational system for more than thirty years. The study was informed and results analysed with help of curriculum perspective and Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). The findings show that Lao physics education curriculum at all levels is dominated by very traditional forms of teaching with an almost total absence of practical. Official curricular documents have statements prescribing teachers to do practical work in high school and university courses. However, few institutions have functioning equipment and skilled teachers for organising practical activities. Therefore, the majority of Lao students come to university and even can finish university without experience of practical work in physics. This shows the gap that exists between intended and implemented curricula. The majority of the students understand the importance of having practical activities in physics. However, after being exposed to laboratory experiments in an introductory physics course, they expressed criticism about the quality of instruction and the process of the practical work organisation. The laboratory group work analysis showed that discussions were mainly focused on understanding the experimental procedures, manipulating equipment, and collecting data for the report rather than on the physics content (object of activity, in CHAT terms). Based on the research results, it is possible to suggest that a systemic approach is needed to stimulate the development of a new practical work culture in schools and universities. This approach should include training and incentives for science teachers, development of assessment strategies including practical work, maintenance structures for physics equipment, and technical support for the organisation of demonstrations and laboratory exercises.

The aim of this thesis is to develop knowledge about what students actually learn in lower secondary school science, regardless of intentions and policies. This is conceptualized as a study of the lived curriculum. During the last decades, new ways of organizing classroom work have evolved in Sweden. Students are to an increasing extent expected to take responsibility for what, when, and how they study. The aim of this thesis is therefore delimited to the study of which lived curriculum is constituted in such an individually organized science classroom practice. The theoretical foundation is a cultural-historical activity-theoretical perspective on human learning and development. The point of departure is that what we learn must be understood as an aspect of the activities we engage in. The research approach is ethnographic; field studies were conducted in two science classes, grades six and seven (ages 12 to 14 years old), in a Swedish midsized compulsory school during one school-year. The first result is that two different practices are discerned in the studied science classroom. One classroom practice is a criteria-based practice, where students work individually with local school criteria determining what students must be able to do in order to get a pass or a pass with distinction in the natural science subjects. The other classroom practice is a laboratory practice, where students do laboratory experiments and write laboratory reports. The second result is that students, in both practices, participate in different actions; either production and reproduction of correct answers or development of conceptual relations. These actions correspond in varying degrees to different motives; as a consequence, different scientific formation is made possible in the two different actions. A third result is that classroom practice supports student participation in the action of reproducing correct answers; while participation in the development of conceptual relations is a more risky and uncertain endeavour. However, there is evidence that students’ ways of participating can change, to a more qualified, as conditions for work change. A conclusion is that work in science classroom practice cannot, as suggested in previous research, be comprehended in terms of cultural border-crossings, between a culture of science and student cultures. Rather, work in science classroom practice must be conceptualized in terms of schooling.

Focusing on a Vygotskian theory of cultural historical psychology, this dissertation features a narrative analysis to examine the role of subjectivity and the generative potential and agency manifested in Non Native English Speaking Teachers' (NNESTs) successful development of L2 (English) fluency. My research creates another view of a Vygotskian theory by means of the imagination. Building on a cultural-historical approach, I conducted a qualitative analysis of how these teachers' pathway to fluency evolved from their Imagined Destinations. This term is defined as a goal or objective in the mind of the learner that mediates, and is mediated by, his or her lived experiences. The concept I coin as Imagined Destinations surfaced in my three initial pilot cases and took shape while working with NNES Panamánian teachers, from the analysis of online survey data with 27 of these experienced teachers, and detailed case study analyses of the language learning of eight of these teachers. These data revealed how participants dynamically create and recreate their environments through agentive roles that support the transformation of their environments to advance their goals. These transformations have implications for how subjectivity, agency, and acquisition of the target language intertwine throughout the participants' lived experiences or pathways to learning, thus providing an additional way to look at subjects and subjectivities within a Vygotskian theoretical frame. The findings also indicate that teachers' language trajectories are continuous, emergent, and the result of taking on very deliberate ecological roles in their bilingual success despite recurring salient and limiting circumstances. These findings about the centrality of Imagined Destinations in learning "smudges" the perception that societal power outweighs the dynamic and agentive roles of individuals as active molders of their lives. Finally, this dissertation also seeks to enrich scholarship by demonstrating how NNESTs use their bilingual identities built from their trajectories to bilingualism as ways to influence and inspire their own students' second language learning.

Orientador: Sueli Terezinha Ferrero Martin / Resumo: O campo da Saúde Mental no Brasil tem obtido avanços na concretização da Reforma Psiquiátrica com a publicação de Políticas Públicas, construção da Rede Substitutiva, auxílios financeiros, espaços de cultura e lazer e outros pautados na perspectiva da ampliação da autonomia e da cidadania das pessoas com transtornos mentais. O campo Trabalho aparece, a partir da III Conferência Nacional de Saúde Mental, como essencial para superar o antigo modelo asilar tornando os sujeitos em sofrimento psíquico protagonistas de suas vidas. No país estão cadastradas mais de mil experiências de geração de trabalho e renda em diferentes localidades e com diversas formas de organização do trabalho. Dadas essas experiências inovadoras, se pauta a importância de estudos que busquem compreender os aspectos que envolvem a inserção desses sujeitos no campo do trabalho. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o processo psicossocial de inserção no trabalho de um grupo de pessoas com transtornos mentais, vinculadas a uma Oficina de Geração de Trabalho e Renda. A perspectiva teórica é a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, subsidiada pelos pressupostos do Materialismo Histórico e Dialético. A pesquisa foi realizada na Associação Arte e Convívio que atua na temática de trabalho para usuários de saúde mental desde 1995 na cidade de Botucatu. Para o trabalho de campo realizamos Observação Participante de uma oficina de geração de trabalho e renda, com nove participantes por um período de quatro meses. Foi realiz... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Esta tese teve como objetivo compreender o processo de construção da nova matriz curricular integrada de um curso de Administração, identificando qual o espaço que a educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável (EDS) ocupa, com base na Teoria da Atividade Histórico-Cultural. Para a consecução do objetivo, foi necessário entender o contexto geral de ação, mapeando a atuação das demais IES da cidade, sendo possível perceber que existem algumas diferenças perceptíveis quando da análise mais apurada ou mesmo em um comparativo, porém, percebe-se que para o público em geral, as nuanças que seriam os diferenciais dos cursos, são pouco evidenciadas. O entendimento da instituição e curso também foi necessário, pautando seus principais acontecimentos ao longo dos anos de existência. O curso existe desde 1999 e esta foi a segunda alteração da matriz original, que congregou a integração de atividades entre três cursos, a saber, Administração, Ciências Contábeis e Ciências Econômicas, a partir da proposição de criação de uma Escola de Negócios. A ótica de análise dos dados se deu a partir da visão e percepção dos professores do curso de Administração. A partir do entendimento do contexto, da unidade de análise e das movimentações em prol da mudança da matriz curricular, optou-se pela utilização da Teoria da Atividade Histórico Cultural, que possibilitou a compreensão das tensões e contradições presentes nas atividades dos atores, sendo utilizada como lente teórico metodológica. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa classificada como qualitativa, descritiva, por meio de um estudo de caso, refletindo as características peculiares da organização, do curso e do NDE entrevistado. A coleta de dados repercutiu na disposição de algumas projeções estratégias ao curso: (i) capacitação integral dos professores no Moodle, com a finalidade de disponibilizar um portfólio maior de alternativas em sala de aula; (ii) a criação de uma sala temática para que seja possível o trabalho de diversas disciplinas no mesmo âmbito e (iii) a construção de um banco de dados com a disponibilidade de empresas para visitas técnicas, reforçando a proposição de união teoria/ prática. Em relação à análise do sistema de atividade, foi possível perceber que a expansão do objeto da atividade, de acordo com a proposição inicial, no fomento à criação da Escola de Negócios, não aconteceu. As tensões e contradições existentes durante os estudos e reuniões para a mudança da matriz curricular demonstraram que o processo concentrou-se em analisar disciplinas comuns aos três cursos, algo não descaracterizado como importante dentro do processo, porém, sem a possibilidade de expansão do objeto em relação à proposição inicial lançada. Porém, os docentes do curso de Administração conseguem lançar uma ferramenta metodológica de poder construtivo interessante e que autoriza aos demais professores do curso a possibilidade de experienciar atividades conjuntas, que buscam a interdisciplinaridade, chamado Seminário Integrador. Em relação ao espaço que a educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável (EDS) ocupa nas disciplinas, ainda existem limitadores até mesmo de formação dos próprios professores, apesar de ser um imperativo para os entrevistados, a necessidade de inserção e discussão da temática em qualquer área de atuação, não somente pautada na existência de uma disciplina a tratar destes assuntos no curso. A sugestão de trabalho em torno da próxima mudança curricular é que ela seja acompanhada e guiada de maneira mais próxima pela Pró-Reitoria de Graduação ou mesmo por um professor eleito para tal, com a finalidade de entender melhor o processo e mediar discussões, fluxo de informações, devolutivas entre gestão estratégica e os NDE’s de cada curso. / The following dissertation aimed to comprise the process of construction of the new integrated syllabus in a Business Administration major, identifying the space that education for sustainable development (ESD) holds, based on the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory. To achieve the goal, it was necessary to understand the general context of action, mapping the development of other Higher Education Institutions of the city, being possible to embrace the fact that there are some noticeable differences when going through a more or even in a comparison, however, it is clear that for the general public, the nuances that would be the differential of the majors are little highlighted. The improved understanding of the institution and major was also necessary, basing its main events over the years of existence. The major has been active since 1999 and this was the second amendment of the original syllabus, which brought together the integration of activities among three majors, namely, Business Administration, Accounting, and Economics; from proposing the establishment of an Integrated Business School. The data analysis was from the view and perception of Business Administration faculty members. Considering the understanding of the context, the unit of analysis and the effort to change the syllabus, the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory has been chosen, providing a view on the tensions and contradictions in the activities of the actors, being used as a theoretical and methodological baseline. The research developed has been classified as qualitative, descriptive, through a case study, reflecting the unique characteristics of the organization, major and faculty members interviewed. The data collection reflected the willingness of some projections strategies to the major: (i) comprehensive training of professors at Moodle, in order to provide a larger portfolio of alternatives in the classroom; (ii) the creation of a themed room so that many courses can take place simultaneously, and (iii) the construction of a database with the availability of companies for technical visits, strengthening the proposition of putting together theory and practice. Regarding the analysis of the activity system, it was perceived that the expansion of the object of the activity, according to the initial proposal, fostering the creation of the Integrated School of Business, has not happened. The tensions and contradictions during the studies and meetings to change the syllabus demonstrated that the process focused on analyzing subjects common to the three majors, something not mischaracterized as important within the process, but without the possibility of expansion of the object in relation to the initial proposal posed. Notwithstanding, the faculty of Business Administration get to release a methodological tool of interesting constructive power, providing the other teachers of the major the possibility of experiencing joint activities, aiming to interdisciplinary activities called Integrative Seminar. Regarding the space that education for sustainable development (ESD) holds in the courses, there are still limiting factors even in relation to teachers’ education, despite being an imperative to respondents, the need for integration and discussion of the subject in any area, not only guided by the existence of a course to deal with such issues in the major. The suggestion of work regarding the next syllabus change is that it is followed and guided more closely by the Dean’s Office or even by a professor elected to do so, in order to better understand the process and mediate discussions, flow of information, feedback between strategic management and faculty for each major.

Orientador: Sueli Terezinha Ferrero Martin / Resumo: In our study, we discuss the Medicalization of childhood, understood as a process that has been transforming questions that are historical-social in origin into merely biological questions. Due to the connection with the pharmaceutical industry and the biomedical field, different disorders are disseminated, concealing expressions of suffering and difficulties of going through life created by life conditions in capitalist society. The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is among them, and is, according to the biomedical literature, more common throughout childhood, attributing a genetic cause in which the brain is reputed to be the origin of hiperactivity and inattention behavior. Even though this biomedical conception is hegemonic, there are studies showing the evolution of referrals from children schools to health units. These studies criticize the raise of diagnosis of this disorder during childhood, and point out that this phenomenon has a close link with the biomedical conception and the pharmaceutical industry, a relationship based on medication propagation and construction of diagnosis, resulting in the medicalization of childhood. In our study, we consider the ADHD phenomenon a health-illness process, questioning, thus, the subjacent conception of the disorder's biological determinism. According to the culturalhistorical psychology postulates adopted in our research, the biological-social relationship is defined as an inseparable unity in the development pr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre