The purpose of this three-essay dissertation is to synthesize and extend the effects of decentralization in decision-making and supply chain complexity in the context of supply chain resilience (SCRES).First essay contributes to theory and practice by expanding resilience thinking into including supply chain orientation and organizational structure and their implications and also responds to prior research arguing for the importance of identifying organizational factors that improve supply chain resilience. Second essay contributes to the supply chain organizational structure and SCRES literature by not just providing empirical support for decentralization of decision making in times of disruptions but more precisely by showing the factors that either impede or facilitate decentralization at the organizational level. Understanding the interplay among these factors is critical to explaining the lack of success for decentralization in the context of SCRES. Third essay contributes to practice by reviewing some of the major complexity drivers present in the supply chains and providing strategies along with a four-step process that practitioners can use to manage complexity.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

M.S.

Banking is considered only one of many industries that could benefit from using blockchain technology. A promising area in blockchain technology is so-called smart contracts, which is automated, decentralized and programmable contract solutions. Smart contracts can control the transfer of currencies or assets between parties under given conditions. The thesis work shows how blockchain technology could be applied to real estate transactions and minimize the need for third party involvement. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the blockchain technology and its possible applications in the real estate market. The focus was on exploring the process of real estate transactions and problems that could be resolved by using smart contracts and blockchain technology. Witha qualitative research approach and a case study analysis, a proposition of a solution was made and discussed with its benefits and drawbacks. The goal was to in the process find the answers for the research questions such as: How can real estate transactions benefit from blockchain technology? What would it cost to store the necessary data on the main chain of Ethereum? How could blockchain technology be used for managing the transaction of the down payment? Even though a collaboration of systems and smart contracts could handle almost every aspect of a real estate transaction, there are still legal boundaries to it being legally enforceable. The blockchain technology could contribute to more efficient and transparent systems compared to traditional centralized solutions.

Viešojo sektoriaus ekonomikos magistro baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali, kadangi savivaldybių savarankiškumas daro įtaką tokiems procesams kaip: viešųjų gėrybių, paslaugų teikimas, socialinės apsaugos ir skurdo mažinimas, finansų sektoriaus vystymasis, makroekonominis stabilumas ir kt. Todėl kyla poreikis įvertinti ir išanalizuoti fiskalinės decentralizacijos lygį šalyje. Šio darbo problema – koks yra Lietuvos fiskalinės decentralizacijos lygis ir ar jis pakankamas Lietuvos valstybei. Darbo objektas – fiskalinė decentralizacija, o tikslas – įvertinti 2005–2009 m. fiskalinę decentralizaciją Lietuvoje. Šiam tikslui pasiekti buvo iškelti tokie uždaviniai: apibrėžti fiskalinės decentralizacijos sampratą; apžvelgti savivaldybių raidą bei fiskalinės decentralizacijos teisinį reglamentavimą Lietuvoje; atskleisti Lietuvos savivaldybių finansinę sistemą remiantis fiskalinės decentralizacijos dedamosiomis; išanalizuoti 2005–2009 m. fiskalinės decentralizacijos lygį Lietuvoje ir jį palyginti su Latvijos ir Estijos valstybėmis; pateikti išvadas ir siūlymus dėl fiskalinės decentralizacijos Lietuvoje. Buvo įrodyta hipotezė – 2005–2009 m. fiskalinės decentralizacijos lygis Lietuvoje yra nepakankamas. Rengiant magistro darbą buvo naudojami tokie mokslinio tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, teisinių aktų analizė, statistinių duomenų analizė, sisteminė ir loginė analizė, lyginamoji ir sociologinių tyrimu analizė bei grafinis modeliavimas. Gauti tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This Public sector of economics master's work topic is relevant, because the autonomy of local government affects processes such as: offering of public goods, services, reduction of social protection and poverty, development of financial sector, stability of macroeconomic and others. For that reason the evaluation and analysis of the level of fiscal decentralization in the country is needed. The problem of this work – what is the level of fiscal decentralization in Lithuania and is it sufficient for Lithuania. The object of the work is fiscal decentralization and the purpose – to evaluate fiscal decentralization of 2005–2009 years in Lithuania. To achieve this purpose the following tasks are raised: to define the conception of fiscal decentralization; to review the development of local government and legal framework of fiscal decentralization in Lithuania; to discuss the local financial system based on components of fiscal decentralization; to analyze the level of fiscal decentralization of 2005–2009 years in Lithuania and compare with Latvia and Estonia; to present conclusions and suggestions for fiscal decentralization in Lithuania. The hypothesis has been proven – the level of fiscal decentralization of 2005–2009 years in Lithuania is insufficient. For preparation of this master‘s work such research methods was used: literature analysis, legislative analysis, statistical analysis, systematic and logical analysis, comparative and sociological analysis and also graphical... [to full text]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of restructuring associated with site-based management and the change in roles of central office personnel. The study also attempted to determine if districts had a plan with definitions of responsibility and accountability in place. The study included relationships between the decentralization process of site-based management and central office personnel's perception of job satisfaction.

La décentralisation est une base du pays démocratique parce que l'État centralisé ne peut pas répondre les besoins de la population tout seul. Il doit décentraliser les pouvoirs et les missions à l'autorité locale. Cela ne signifie pas que les collectivités territoriales vont répondre les vrais besoins de la population. La participation est une voie de déclarer le vrai besoin. En plus, la participation est également une façon de communiquer entre les habitants et les représentants locaux. En Thaïlande, l'histoire de la décentralisation a commencé à l'époque du Roi Rama V pour le but d'annulation le pouvoir de prince de chaque quartier et pour créer l'État-nation. Après avoir eu la Constitution de 1997, elle dispose le rôle des habitants dans le quartier pour négocier avec les autorités locales. En réalité, le nombre de la participation au niveau local en Thaïlande est faible à cause de la tradition et le mode de vie des thaïlandais. Dans cette étude, elle veut présenter le méthode de la participation et les obstacles de la participation au niveau local en Thaïlande. / The decentralisation is the basic of democratic country because only the centralised State can not respond the need of population. State must decentralize its powers and duties to the local authorities. But it does not mean that the local authorities can respond the real need of the population. The participation is one of the way to declare the need of population. Moreover, participation is also the method for the communication between people and the local administrators. In Thailand, the history of decentralization began in the reign of the king Rama V with the aim at withdrawing the power of the local princes and constructing the State-nation. After the Constitution of 1997 was promulgated, the role of people in the community was fixed in order to negotiate with the local authorites. In fact, the number of participation is poor because of the tradition and the life style of Thai peoples. In this research, it presents the methods of participation and their obstacles to participate with the local authorities.

This dissertation comprises three empirical essays in political economy. The first essay analyzes the implementation of a French social program by subnational governments following a decentralization reform. Using program implementation data, it shows that local political environments strongly influence implementation decisions after decentralization, and that decentralization results in an overall tightening of benefits. The second essay reports the results of a conjoint field experiment involving German welfare offices. Using random assignment of cues about ethnicity and other characteristics in requests to welfare offices, it is shown that putative non-German applicants receive replies at the same rate as putative Germans, but are disadvantaged in terms of the substantive quality of responses. This suggests that minority populations do experience discrimination when attempting to access social benefits. Finally, the third essay uses micro-level voter file data from Illinois to measure whether property tax limitations reduce participation in local elections. In contrast with prior research, results from panel regressions with matching adjustments suggest that tax limitations do not affect political participation negatively. Together, these essays contribute to our understanding of public finance and social policy in contexts characterized by multi-level governance.