Decentralization is a prominent policy strategy for transferring power from an elite to grassroots actors or from the government to the private or nonprofit sectors. In many developing countries, decentralization has been the policy of choice for improving chronically low performing education systems. This report examines decentralization in three developing countries; Colombia, Indonesia, and South Africa, which are seeking to address their longstanding educational problems. The case studies suggest that effective decentralization depends on creating a clear and measurable vision and a robust strategic plan to achieve it. The studies further revealed the importance of community participation in active school governance, which led to practical solutions to school financial and administrative problems. This research is an attempt to pay attention to problems that could be raised during the journey of policy implementation, as well as to offer guidelines for effective, sustainable change. The discrepancy between policy and practice is a great dilemma, as Cohen said, particularly with the lack of sufficient experience in implementing the new political movements such as decentralization. This report seeks to identify the key components of an effective decentralization plan by tracing the successes and shortcomings of the three case studies. It concludes that a successful education system not only needs a clear vision and effective community participation but also an effective and practical organizational transformation to achieve progress in implementing decentralization. Changes in the educational hierarchy should occur at both the local level and the central level, and should entail more than just a change in the names of positions without changing the tasks themselves. / text

HOPE VI, instituted in 1993 and subsequent related policies, resulted in the demolition of traditional public housing and the relocation of former residents. For former residents living on low incomes, combining housing subsidy and other social services is important to survival. One crucial type of social services support provides food supplements. Research indicates that among low-income families, many do not receive necessary food social services. For example, among eligibles, food stamp utilization is at 50 to 60%, and for Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC) rates vary from 38 to 73%. Research indicates that 35% of food insecure older adults are ineligible for the Elder Nutrition Program, and approximately 60% of eligibles are wait-listed upon application. Social services utilization patterns among eligibles are affected by neighborhood contexts. Relocation due to public housing transformation policies has been shown to change neighborhood context. This in turn has affected former public housing resident’s cultural capital and social capital. But how this affects food social services utilization has not been studied. I use Klinenberg’s (2002) activist client thesis as a framework to investigate the effect of cultural capital and social capital for housing subsidy recipients (relocated public housing residents) in Atlanta on their utilization of food social services using secondary longitudinal data from the Georgia State University Urban Health Initiative analyzed using ordered logistic regression. Most specifically, my research investigated how varying neighborhood contexts affect food social services utilization for former public housing residents in Atlanta. This research informs public policy on the provision of housing subsidy and the provision of food social services.

In 1997 the Richmond Redevelopment and Housing Authority received a HOPE VI grant from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in the amount of $26.9 million to revitalize the Blackwell scattered site public housing community. The mixed income approach of HOPE VI calls for a reduction of public housing units, thus requiring all households to relocate to other neighborhoods. This research analyzed socioeconomic data to examine the relocation of households, assess whether they moved to better neighborhoods, and compare them to other poor households. Over half of all households moved to other distressed neighborhoods in the Northside, East End, and Southside sections of Richmond. While voucher households moved to better neighborhoods, public housing households appeared to move to neighborhoods of similar and worse quality than Blackwell. Overall, relocated households moved to less stable communities than other poor households. Research suggests that a regional approach is needed to open suburban housing options to low-income families in order to effectively deconcentrate poverty.

This paper will explore the social and economic impacts of public housing revitalization on households with minor children. The research traces the relocations of families from two public housing complexes to other public housing complexes or market housing, using Housing Choice formerly Section 8 vouchers. We contrast and compare the socioeconomic characteristics of the original neighborhoods to the relocation sites from the census tract level, exploring changes in resources available to families.

This dissertation explores the impact of housing and recreation policy on Tampa's urban youth. Deconcentration policy suggests that public housing youth have improved life chances when relocated to mixed-income neighborhoods. In 2007, Tampa's Central Park Village (CPV) public housing complex was demolished and all families were relocated to new neighborhoods. Similarly, neoliberal policy advocates for the government's reduced role in poverty-alleviating mechanisms to include housing the poor and the funding of afterschool programs. To offset a smaller city budget due to state property tax rollbacks in the mid-2000's, Tampa Parks and Recreation instituted increased afterschool and youth sports participation fees. In the dissertation, I examine how these policy changes affect both former CPV youth and Tampa urban youth in general. In addition, this dissertation examines the role of mentors (coaches) in urban neighborhoods and coaches' perceptions of newly instituted recreation policy.

No description available.

La décentralisation est une base du pays démocratique parce que l'État centralisé ne peut pas répondre les besoins de la population tout seul. Il doit décentraliser les pouvoirs et les missions à l'autorité locale. Cela ne signifie pas que les collectivités territoriales vont répondre les vrais besoins de la population. La participation est une voie de déclarer le vrai besoin. En plus, la participation est également une façon de communiquer entre les habitants et les représentants locaux. En Thaïlande, l'histoire de la décentralisation a commencé à l'époque du Roi Rama V pour le but d'annulation le pouvoir de prince de chaque quartier et pour créer l'État-nation. Après avoir eu la Constitution de 1997, elle dispose le rôle des habitants dans le quartier pour négocier avec les autorités locales. En réalité, le nombre de la participation au niveau local en Thaïlande est faible à cause de la tradition et le mode de vie des thaïlandais. Dans cette étude, elle veut présenter le méthode de la participation et les obstacles de la participation au niveau local en Thaïlande. / The decentralisation is the basic of democratic country because only the centralised State can not respond the need of population. State must decentralize its powers and duties to the local authorities. But it does not mean that the local authorities can respond the real need of the population. The participation is one of the way to declare the need of population. Moreover, participation is also the method for the communication between people and the local administrators. In Thailand, the history of decentralization began in the reign of the king Rama V with the aim at withdrawing the power of the local princes and constructing the State-nation. After the Constitution of 1997 was promulgated, the role of people in the community was fixed in order to negotiate with the local authorites. In fact, the number of participation is poor because of the tradition and the life style of Thai peoples. In this research, it presents the methods of participation and their obstacles to participate with the local authorities.

A partir des années 1990 l’administration sanitaire s’est inscrite dans un mouvement de régionalisation ayant conduit à l’installation des agences régionales de santé. Ces structures, ainsi que les méthodes choisies pour réorganiser le pilotage régional des affaires sanitaires, marquent l’importation dans le secteur de la santé des tendances ayant touché la rénovation de l’appareil administratif français.Tout au long du XXème siècle, la territorialisation des politiques publiques a suivi le tempo d’une valse à deux temps, mêlant déconcentration et décentralisation. Dès lors, il est possible de se questionner sur la place accordéeaux collectivités territoriales dans le pilotage sanitaire régional. L’investissement particulier de certaines collectivités, comme l’ancienne Région Nord-Pas de Calais, alimente d’ailleurs ces interrogations.Après avoir observé la place accordée aux collectivités dans l’architecture sanitaire, nous nous interrogerons sur les raisons pouvant expliquer celle-ci, tout particulièrement en ce qui concerne la Région. A bien des égards les choix opérés apparaissent à contre temps des dynamiques juridiques et politiques sur lesquelles s’appuie aujourd’hui la décentralisation, envisagée globalement. Nous essaierons de comprendre les raisons pouvant expliquer un traitement différencié des questions de la santé, avant d’envisager ce que pourrait être une décentralisation sanitaire ; c’est-à-dire, en somme, un aboutissement de la régionalisation sanitaire. / From the 1990’s health administration became part of a regionalization movement resulting in the setting up of the regional health agencies. These structures, and the methods adopted to reorganize the regional steering of health matters, marked the importing into the heath sector of the trends involved in the renovation of the French administrative machinery.Throughout the 20th century, the « territorialization » of the public policies followed the tempo of a two-step waltz, with a mix of « deconcentration » and decentralization. It is therefore possible to question the place given to thelocal authorities in the steering of regional health matters. The specific investment made by some authorities, such as the former Nord-Pas de Calais Region, raises further questions.After having observed the place given to the local authorities in the health architecture, we will look into the reasons for this, especially as regards the “Region”. In many respects the choices made do not appear to be in step with the legal and political dynamics on which decentralization, seen from a global standpoint, is based. We will try to understand the reasons behind this differential treatment of health issues, before looking ahead to what healthsector decentralization might be; i.e. in short, the completion of the health regionalization process.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-02-15T12:35:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcello Soldan Garbelim - 2014.pdf: 4729237 bytes, checksum: 6c8d188d19e1058d7c463e64e8a6c7ec (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-02-15T12:53:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcello Soldan Garbelim - 2014.pdf: 4729237 bytes, checksum: 6c8d188d19e1058d7c463e64e8a6c7ec (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T12:53:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcello Soldan Garbelim - 2014.pdf: 4729237 bytes, checksum: 6c8d188d19e1058d7c463e64e8a6c7ec (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-29 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The transformations in the uses of the "urban voids" in the Região Norte de Goiânia, especially in the vicinity of the Rio Meia Ponte and Ribeirão João Leite, are expressions of a metropolis that expands in an accelerated way. These areas were preserved in a planned way, from the initial moments of the construction of the capital of Goiás, due to the extensive forests of Cerrado and numerous springs, but from the end of the 2000s, economic interests observe the Região Norte as the last bill of sale about the city. The growing interests of capitals are linked to and stimulate the forms and processes of urban deconcentration, in which the construction of buildings, factories and shopping malls threaten the environmental degradation of areas of flagrant environmental fragility and even disarticulate the friendly ways of life less agitated in relation to the other regions of Goiânia. In this context, the dissertation analyzes the performance of the social segments in order to make feasible the production of new urban spaces, with a view to the effects on socio-spatial segregation structures and the dynamics of mobilizations of representatives of state capitals and agents, as well as ecological and community conflicts, which lead to conflicts amidst the stimuli for the dispersion and production of new centralities in the Northern Region. / As transformações nos usos dos “vazios urbanos” na Região Norte de Goiânia, especialmente nas imediações do Rio Meia Ponte e do Ribeirão João Leite, são expressão de uma metrópole que se expande de modo acelerado. Essas áreas foram preservadas de maneira planejada, desde os momentos iniciais da construção da capital de Goiás, devido às extensas matas de Cerrado e numerosos mananciais, mas a partir de fins dos anos 2000, os interesses econômicos observam a Região Norte como último tento de faturamento sobre a cidade. Os interesses crescentes dos capitais se vinculam e estimulam as formas e os processos da desconcentração urbana, em que a construção de edifícios, fábricas e shoppings centers ameaçam de degradação ambiental terrenos de flagrantes fragilidades ambientais e, mesmo, desarticulam os modos de vida simpáticos aos espaços menos agitados em relação às demais regiões de Goiânia. Nesse contexto, a dissertação analisa a atuação dos segmentos sociais para viabilizar a produção de novos espaços urbanos, com vistas aos efeitos sobre as estruturas de segregação socioespacial e as dinâmicas de mobilizações de representantes de capitais e agentes de Estado, bem como dos movimentos ecológicos e comunitários, que protagonizam conflitos em meio aos estímulos para a dispersão e produção de novas centralidades na Região Norte.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-07T15:11:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - César Augustus Adorno Ferreira Lima -2017.pdf: 2711167 bytes, checksum: ce30ff91fa0914639780753f5c6372f3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-07T15:12:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - César Augustus Adorno Ferreira Lima -2017.pdf: 2711167 bytes, checksum: ce30ff91fa0914639780753f5c6372f3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-07T15:12:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - César Augustus Adorno Ferreira Lima -2017.pdf: 2711167 bytes, checksum: ce30ff91fa0914639780753f5c6372f3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-03 / Drug use is related to physical violence, corruption and the formation of criminal organizations turning it public security problem. Its market is one of the main causes of high crime that affects our society. In this sense the Forensics Expert in Brazil stands out for its action in the production of material evidence. To do so, it is necessary that the Forensics Expert perform the definitive drug examination. By the end of the year 2014 and early 2015, the ICLR's drug laboratory was crowded with requisitions, and the Forensics Expert were not able to meet within the legal deadline the demand for definitive exams. With this, there was the commitment of the criminal prosecution. This inefficiency provoked the need to seek a readjustment of the supply of this demand, in order to improve the timing of the production of this material proof. Thus, the following research question arises: is the deconcentration of definitive drug exams an efficient, effective and effective option for the Technical-Scientific Police to increase its capacity to meet this demand throughout the State of Goiás? The objective of the present study was to conduct a study on deconcentration vis-à-vis the concentration of definitive drug exams. In order to achieve this, a study of applied nature, mixed methods (quantitative-qualitative), cross-sectional, descriptive-exploratory, whose research strategy was a triangulation of methods was carried out. The quantitative dimension involved the Civil Police and the Technical-Scientific Police. In the first institution a questionnaire was applied to the Regional Delegates composed of 21 questions (closed, semi open and open). In the second one, information was obtained that provided systematic descriptive statistical analyzes to define the need to perform deconcentration or not. The qualitative dimension involved semistructured interviews with managers of the Technical-Scientific Police, whose technique of analysis was that of content (thematic categories). It was observed that the quantitative result, in exclusively financial terms, refuted the possibility of deconcentration, and, on the other hand, the qualitative result pointed to a strong movement of deconcentration within the Technical-Scientific Police led by the managers. After comparing the quantitative and qualitative results, it was found that the concentration has a high coefficient of efficiency. However, based on the concept of relative efficiency, the efficacy and effectiveness of the deconcentration process of the definitive exams of drugs were preponderant so that this process was considered important to improve the service delivery of the Technical-Scientific Police of the state of Goiás. This conclusion has management implications, bacause deconcentration can not be conducted without strategic planning, without a detailed study of the necessary resources, as well as without proper identification of the origin of investments. In addition, the research pointed out that strengthening stakeholder relations at the local level will provide the building of a favorable scenario to promote this process. / O uso de drogas está relacionado à violência física, corrupção e formação de organizações criminosas o que as tornam uma questão de segurança pública. O seu mercado é uma das principais causas da alta criminalidade que atinge a nossa sociedade. Neste sentido a Perícia Criminal no Brasil se destaca por sua ação na produção da prova material. Para tanto é necessário que o Perito Criminal realize o exame definitivo de drogas. No final de ano de 2014 e início de 2015, o laboratório de drogas do ICLR encontrava-se abarrotado de requisições, sendo que os Peritos Criminais não estavam conseguindo atender dentro do prazo legal a demanda de exames definitivos. Com isso, havia o comprometimento da persecução penal. Essa ineficiência suscitou a necessidade de buscar uma readequação do atendimento dessa demanda, com a finalidade de aprimorar a tempestividade da produção dessa prova material. Dessa forma, surge a seguinte questão de pesquisa: a desconcentração dos exames definitivos de drogas é uma opção eficiente, eficaz e efetiva para a Polícia Técnico-Científica aumentar sua capacidade de atender essa demanda? O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um estudo sobre a desconcentração vis-à-vis a concentração dos exames definitivos de drogas. Para atingi-lo, foi realizado um estudo de natureza aplicada, métodos mistos (quanti-qualitativo), de corte transversal, descritivoexploratório, cuja estratégia de pesquisa foi um projeto de triangulação de métodos. A dimensão quantitativa envolveu a Polícia Civil e a Polícia Técnico-Científica. Na primeira instituição foi aplicado um questionário aos Delegados Regionais composto de 21 questões (fechadas, semiabertas e abertas). Na segunda, foram obtidas informações que proporcionaram análises estatísticas descritivas sistematicamente estruturadas para definir a necessidade de realizar a desconcentração ou não. A dimensão qualitativa envolveu entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores da Polícia Técnico-Científica, cuja técnica de análise foi a de conteúdo (categorias temáticas). Observou-se que o resultado quantitativo, em termos exclusivamente financeiros, refutou a possibilidade de desconcentração, e, por outro lado, o resultado qualitativo apontou um forte movimento de desconcentração dentro da Polícia Técnico-Científica liderado pelos gestores. Após a comparação dos resultados quantitativos e qualitativos, constatou-se que a concentração possui um elevado coeficiente de eficiência. Contudo, com base no conceito de eficiência relativa, a eficácia e a efetividade do processo de desconcentração dos exames definitivos de drogas foram preponderantes para que esse processo fosse considerado importante para melhorar a prestação de serviço da Polícia Técnico-Científica do estado de Goiás. Esta conclusão traz implicações gerenciais, pois a desconcentração não pode ser conduzida sem planejamento estratégico, sem um estudo minucioso dos recursos necessários, bem como sem a devida identificação da origem dos investimentos. Além disso, a pesquisa apontou que o fortalecimento das relações com os stakeholders em nível local proporcionará a construção de um cenário favorável para promover esse processo.