L'étude vise à dépasser le constat paradoxal d'une notion omniprésente et pourtant inconsistante endroit public. La parcimonie des études consacrées à la coordination tranche avec les nombreuses occurrences du vocable dans les textes juridiques. Comment interpréter une telle circonspection doctrinale ? Une première réponse consiste à estimer que la coordination n'a aucune existence endroit ; une autre posture est de considérer que la coordination n'a aucune pertinence en droit. Le postulat selon lequel ces deux affirmations sont erronées constitue le point de départ d'une recherche qui a permis d'esquisser une définition fonctionnelle de la coordination : il s'agit d'un mode d'ordonnancement flexible de l'organisation, de l'action et du droit de l'Etat, congruent avec le cadre juridique pluriel et complexe actuel qui interroge les procédés classiques verticaux. Trois figures de la coordination en droit public ont été dégagées : une « coordination-integration » qui permet de préserver la cohésion de la structure administrative de l'Etat en dépit d'un phénomène de fragmentation ; une « coordination-articulation » qui recherche la cohérence de centres de décision politique dans un contexte de polycentrisme ; une « coordination-harmonisation » qui tend à la concordance de règles juridiques marquées par le pluralisme. / The study aims to overcome the paradox of an omnipresent, yet inconsistent notion in Public Law.The sparsity of studies on coordination contrasts with the many occurrences of the term in the legalcorpus. How to interpret this doctrinal caution? One answer is to deem that coordination is non existentin Law; another position is to consider that coordination is irrelevant in Law. Theassumption that both statements are wrong is the starting point of this research that had led to a functional definition of coordination seen as a flexible method of ordering the State organization,action and law, congruent with the current plural and complex legal framework that query vertical legal processes. Three figures of coordination in Public Law were identified: a "coordination integration" helping to preserve the cohesion of the administrative structure of the State despite a fragmentation phenomenon; a "coordination-articulation" which seeks consistency in political decision centers in a polycentric context; "coordination-harmonization" which tends to the concordance of legal rules characterized by pluralism.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaCSP_DISSERT.pdf: 2129803 bytes, checksum: 84d7111c869f3037ced454520a9257f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The process of decentralization of health policy in Brazil has evolved throughout the second half of the twentieth century, advancing by leaps and bounds in the last two decades. The various public institutions have assumed the function of responding to a growing demand for medical care and hospital. Monsenhor Hospital Walfredo Gurgel - H.M.W.G. fits into this context as an institution par excellence-oriented service the demand for medium and high complexity. This paper presents some questions about the process of decentralization and devolution occurred in Brazil. To do so is a brief historical background and politics, showing the concepts of reform and counter-reform and how the processes mentioned in the Country Correlates develop local social development of the decentralization process and discusses the modifications in policies social intervention in recent decades and the state health policies. Presents the implementation of a Health System in Brazil and the state showing how the decentralization of health policy occurs in Rio Grande do Norte. Finally, it explores the role of H.M.W.G. in health policy in RN. For this, portrays the institution and is located within the decentralized structure of health policy in the state and capital. An analysis of the demand for hospital care and the budget situation is realized at the close of work, correlating the role of HMWG with the decentralization of health policy in Brazil and Rio Grande do Norte. The methodology used for the preparation of this work was based on documentary research, systematic nonparticipant observation, field diary and analysis of data, documents and content. This set shows a quantitative and qualitative methodology that strips the institution, enabling the understanding of their role, boundaries, threats and opportunities / O processo de descentraliza??o da pol?tica de sa?de no Brasil evoluiu durante toda segunda metade do s?culo XX, avan?ando a passos largos nas ultimas duas d?cadas. As diversas institui??es p?blicas assumiram a fun??o de responder a uma demanda crescente por atendimento m?dico-hospitalar. O Hospital Monsenhor Walfredo Gurgel H.M.W.G. insere-se nesse contexto como institui??o por excel?ncia voltada para o atendimento a demanda por m?dia e alta complexidade. Esse trabalho apresenta algumas quest?es sobre o processo de descentraliza??o e desconcentra??o ocorrido no Brasil. Para isso partiu-se de uma breve contextualiza??o hist?rica e pol?tica, mostrando os conceitos de reforma e contrareforma do Estado e como os processos mencionados desenvolvem-se no Pa?s. Correlaciona o desenvolvimento social local ao processo de descentraliza??o e discute as modifica??es ocorridas nas pol?ticas sociais nas ?ltimas d?cadas e a interven??o do Estado nas pol?ticas de sa?de. Apresenta a implanta??o de um Sistema ?nico de Sa?de no Brasil mostrando como o processo de descentraliza??o da pol?tica de sa?de ocorre no Rio Grande do Norte. Por fim, analisa-se o papel do H.M.W.G. dentro da pol?tica de sa?de no RN. Para isso, retrata a institui??o e a situa dentro da estrutura descentralizada da pol?tica de sa?de no Estado e na capital. Uma analise da demanda por atendimento no hospital e das condi??es or?ament?rias ? realizada no encerramento do trabalho, correlacionando o papel do H.M.W.G. com a descentraliza??o da pol?tica de sa?de no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Norte. A metodologia utilizada para elabora??o desse trabalho baseou-se na pesquisa documental, na observa??o n?o participante sistem?tica, no di?rio de campo e na analise de dados, documentos e conte?dos. Esse conjunto mostra uma metodologia quanti-qualitativa que desnuda a institui??o, possibilitando a compreens?o de seu papel, limites, amea?as e possibilidades

nÃo hà / The redemocratization, the economic opening and stability and the reconfigurations of state functions with duties reduction and competence rise were peremptory issues to new Brazilian federative relation implemented from the 1988-Federal-Constitution on, which was marked by the implementation of an extensive redistribution of tax funds, but, with a wide binding on the allocation of them, in addendum of states and especially the municipalities. Within this context, the present study aims to evaluate the correlation between the levels of expenses on public education in Brazil from 2000 to 2011, with quantitative equivalence of students enrolled in each governmental domain (federal, state and municipal) and in each type of education (basic education and higher education). The implemented methodology has materialized as an explicative one, for the purpose of the research, as bibliographical and documentary concerning the procedures for data collection, and concurrently qualitative and quantitative regarding how to address and answer the problem. The applied statistics were based on the use of descriptive actions, with the use of graphs, tables and measures of position. As results, it was found multiple antagonisms between the correlation of the amount of resources and the total enrollment effectuated. As an empirical fact, in 2011 the municipal sphere accounted for 52.48% of all students enrolled and 35.60% of the active volume of expenditure on education. In parallel, the federal sphere had as attribute 2.67% of students placed in public schools and universities and 24.38% of the granted income. As a result, the investment per capita per student promoted for that year, for federal level, was 13.55 times higher than for municipal level. Performing similar analogy for teaching modalities, there are similarly latent abrupt deformities. While a student enrolled in elementary school in 2011 from the federal system received annual investment equivalent to R$ 24,079.94, at the state instance amounted to R$ 3,384.85 and at the municipal instance R$ 3,189.14, representing improper distinction potentials for formation. Adding to this, as a backdrop mismatches in intergovernmental transfers made by conditional and inflexible manner and the absence of any parameter of quality in the training of students and professionals involved with education. Thus, it gets to the current conjuncture of Brazilian education, with the country showing up far to assert the principle of equal opportunities intrinsic with primary function of education and fiscal Federalism. / A redemocratizaÃÃo, a abertura e estabilidade econÃmica e a reconfiguraÃÃo das funÃÃes do Estado, com reduÃÃo de obrigaÃÃes e ascensÃo de competÃncias, foram pontos peremptÃrios para novas relaÃÃes federativas brasileiras, implementadas a partir da ConstituiÃÃo Federal de 1988, que ficou marcada pela concretizaÃÃo de uma vasta redistribuiÃÃo de recursos tributÃrios, porÃm, com ampla vinculaÃÃo sobre a destinaÃÃo dos mesmos, em aditamento dos estados e, especialmente, dos municÃpios. Dentro desse contexto, o presente trabalho buscou avaliar a correspondÃncia entre os nÃveis dos gastos em educaÃÃo pÃblica no Brasil no perÃodo de 2000 a 2011, com a equivalÃncia quantitativa dos discentes matriculados em cada esfera de governo (federal, estadual e municipal) e em cada nÃvel de ensino (educaÃÃo bÃsica e ensino superior). A metodologia implementada materializou-se como explicativa para o objetivo da pesquisa, como bibliogrÃfica e documental quanto aos procedimentos na coleta de dados, e concomitantemente qualitativa e quantitativa quanto à forma de abordar e responder ao problema. A estatÃstica aplicada baseou-se no emprego de aÃÃes descritivas, com o uso de grÃficos, tabelas e medidas de posiÃÃo. Como resultados, constataram-se mÃltiplos antagonismos entre a correlaÃÃo do volume de recursos e o total de matrÃculas efetivadas. Como fato empÃrico, no ano de 2011 o Ãmbito municipal respondeu por 52,48% do total de estudantes matriculados e 35,60% do volume ativo dos gastos em educaÃÃo. Em paralelo o domÃnio federal teve como atributo 2,67% do total de discentes inseridos nas escolas e universidades pÃblicas e 24,38% dos proventos deferidos. Como decorrÃncia, o investimento per capita por aluno promovido nesse ano na esfera federal foi 13,55 vezes maior que a nÃvel municipal. Realizando analogia similar para as modalidades de ensino, ficam igualmente latentes abruptas deformidades. Enquanto o aluno matriculado no ensino fundamental no ano de 2011 da rede federal recebia investimento anual equivalente a R$ 24.079,94, na instÃncia estadual era de R$ 3.384,85 e no Ãmbito municipal de R$ 3.189,14, o que representa distinÃÃes potenciais truanescas de formaÃÃo. Somaram-se a isso, como cenÃrio os descompassos nas transferÃncias intergovernamentais realizadas de modo condicional e inflexÃvel e a ausÃncia de qualquer parÃmetro de qualidade na formaÃÃo de alunos e na capacitaÃÃo dos profissionais envolvidos com o ensino. Chega-se assim a conjuntura atual da educaÃÃo brasileira, com o paÃs mostrando-se longÃnquo de asseverar o princÃpio da igualdade de oportunidades intrÃnseco como funÃÃo precÃpua da educaÃÃo e do Federalismo fiscal.

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2016-06-06T20:41:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Josiane Aparecida Sacramento.pdf: 1786500 bytes, checksum: 1d0769859f5cc65758e8770ba4fbaa44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T20:41:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Josiane Aparecida Sacramento.pdf: 1786500 bytes, checksum: 1d0769859f5cc65758e8770ba4fbaa44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-12 / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo a análise da descentralização de atividades financeiras (desconcentração) no âmbito de uma autarquia pública federal, a Universidade Federal Fluminense, em seu campus universitário interiorizado no município de Volta Redonda. Para tanto, uma retrospectiva história é realizada a respeito da evolução da educação superior no Brasil e das políticas de Reformas Administrativas aplicadas na Administração Pública Federal com o intuito de alcançar maior eficiência no executivo, tendo destaque as políticas de descentralização, ainda que não plenamente aplicadas. Posteriormente, na sequência da revisão bibliográfica é exposta uma análise dos termos concentração/desconcentração e centralização/descentralização, com o intuito de solidificar a proposta deste trabalho. A pesquisa de campo, baseada em estudo de caso, busca comparar os modelos de gestão concentrada da UFF e a desconcentrada do IFRJ campus Nilo Peçanha em Pinheiral/RJ, de forma a investigar se a desconcentração pode trazer redução no tempo de empenho, pagamento e liquidação de processos de compras e contratações, embora a análise deste trabalho se limite à etapa de empenho dos processos. Baseado em uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa, com caráter descritivo-exploratório, a pesquisa utilizou os métodos de observação, questionário, entrevista, pesquisa documental e bibliográfica para realização da análise. Como resultados desta pesquisa constata-se que a desconcentração pode efetivamente reduzir os tempos de empenho nas modalidades de dispensa de licitação e carona, no entanto, na modalidade de pregão a concentração mostrou-se mais satisfatória. Acredita-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para uma maior reflexão na gestão de diversas autarquias federais, em especial as universidades, tendo em vista que muitas delas compartilham realidades semelhantes / This work aims to examine the situation of decentralization of financial activities (deconcentration) in the context of a public and federal autarchy, the Fluminense Federal University: its campus in Volta Redonda. For doing so, a historical retrospective study is done, exploring the evolution of both superior education in Brazil and its Administrative Reform Policies, as applied to Public Federal Administration, with the intention of attaining greater efficiency levels in execution, particularly, with policies of decentralization, even if not entirely applied. After that, along the bibliographical review, an analysis of the terms concentration/deconcentration and centralization/decentralization is undertaken, with the intention of supporting the proposal in this paper. The Field Research, based on a Study Case methodology, aims to compare the existing managerial concentrated models used in UFF and the deconcentrated models used in IFRJ's Nilo Peçanha campus, in Pinheiral/RJ, as means to understand whether deconcentration can reduce the time spent in efforts, payment and setting of purchasing and contracting processes, even though the analysis is limited to efforts. Based on a design involving both quantitative and qualitative analyses, of a descriptive and exploratory kind, the research used different methods, including: observation, questionnaires, interview, document and bibliographical research. Results include the confirmation of deconcentration as responsible for leading to actually reducing the timing related to the efforts made, under the modalities of exemption from bidding and lifts, even if, in the modality of verbal negotiation, concentration seemed to be more suitable. This work could eventually provide with further considerations on management of diverse federal autarchies, especially in the case of universities, considering that many of them are in similar situations

Dans l’image traditionnelle, la Chine est un État unitaire typiquement centralisé. Un tel concept, même à l’ère de Mao Zedong, n’est pas très précis, car à l’époque, la Chine a quand-même connu au moins trois cycles de déconcentration/centralisation. Alors, après la réforme d’«ouverture vers l’extérieur» par Deng Xiaoping, la Chine a établi des relations contrastées entre le central et le local. Deng Xiaoping a adopté une décentralisation des compétences par les mesures administratives et transfère les « intérêts » à l’échelon local, ce qui induit une grande latitude pour ce dernier, en particulier, en matière de développement de l’économie. Ainsi, une décentralisation non institutionnalisée a conduit l’échelon local à devenir de facto une entité administrative qui maîtrise les ressources et les compétences au nom de l’État, plutôt qu’obéissant aveuglément au central. Derrière ce changement, on voit l’émergence et la force motrice des intérêts locaux, avec une décentralisation approfondie, les gouvernements locaux ont reçu beaucoup plus de pouvoirs discrétionnaires, surtout pour ce qui concerne les affaires locales, et en même temps, à travers la maîtrise des ressources et des pouvoirs, les gouvernements locaux possèdent les «jetons» dans la négociation avec le gouvernement central, ayant pour objet et effet d’exprimer les intérêts locaux et d’influencer les décisions du central. Pour maintenir sa primauté, le gouvernement central a adopté une centralisation sélective pour faire face à cette décentralisation de facto afin d’arriver à un équilibre entre le central et le local. Cependant, une décentralisation non institutionnalisée, principalement à travers les négociations pour atteindre un équilibre entre les deux précédents, semble une approche qui n’est toujours pas stable, de telle sorte que la recherche d’une normativité des relations entre le central et le local est devenue un objectif à long terme. / In the traditional image, China is a typically centralized unitary country, such a concept, even in the era of Mao Zedong, is not very precise, because at that time, China has even experienced at least three cycles of decentralisation/centralisation. So, through the reform and open by Deng Xiaoping, China has formed contrasting relations between central and local. Deng Xiaoping has adopted decentralization through administrative measures to decentralize the power and transfer “interests” to the local government, so that, the local government has a major initiative, in particular, in the development of the economy. Thus, the non-institutional decentralization leads the local government to become de facto an administrative entity which controls resources and power in the name of the central government. So the local government is not just obeying the central government like before. Behind this change is the emergence and the driving force of local interests. With a deep decentralization, the local governments have received much more discretionary power, especially in the local affairs and at the same time, through the control of resources and powers, the local governments have the “bargain chip” to negotiate with the central government, so that they could express local interests and influence the decisions of the central government. In order to maintain central authority, the central government has adopted a selective centralization for this de facto centralization, so as to achieve a balance between the central government and the local government. However, the non-institutional decentralization mainly through negotiation to achieve a balance between the two preceding ones, seems to be an approach that is still not stable, so that the search for a normativity of relations between central and local has become a long-term goal.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / unrestricted

Since 1994 a number of health reforms took place in furthering democracy. These changes included the decentralisation of Primary Health Care Services. This study is a phenomenological research that chronicles the Primary Health Care decentralisation experiences in the Bophirima District of the North-West Province. Using a descriptive phenomenological orientation, the purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of participants associated with decentralisation in the Bophirima District. Also, to illustrate how the participants perceive these experiences in relation to Primary Health Care services. Furthermore, to provide scientific evidence regarding factors related to the decentralisation of PHC services in the Bophirima District. These and other issues remain of paramount importance given the current state of health care in the South Africa. This study took place in the outskirts of the semi-rural area of Bophirima and Central District in the North-West Province. The investigation followed qualitative research design that was descriptive, exploratory, contextual and phenomenological in nature. The sampling procedure involved non-probability purposive, sampling technique with a sample size of five participants. Data was collected by using an unstructured interview technique. The modified Giorgi method of analysis was used for qualitative data analysis. These are contained in Burns and Grove (2001:596) and Polit and Beck (2004:394) are fully explicated in Chapter Four. Guba model (in Babbie & Mouton, 2001:180) was utilised to ensure the trustworthiness of the study. Ethical requirements were considered throughout and these are reflected in chapter four of the thesis.Three forms of decentralisation: deconcentration, delegation and devolution were identified in the findings. The investigation further indicated that the integration of primary health care services was also underway at the time of decentralisation. This integration triggered different psychological and emotional states amongst research participants. Most importantly, the research revealed that the interest of leadership across three spheres of government played a key role in the decentralisation of PHCs and integration of PHCs, while highlighting the importance of community participation in health service delivery (CP). In conclusion, the decentralisation process was generally perceived as empowering although, nationally, leadership needs to be strengthened to support provinces and districts regarding major policy issues such decentralisation. Key recommendations were made and further research was suggested. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

La Thaïlande est un État unitaire et depuis 1892 son administration déconcentrée est assurée par la présence de gouverneurs provinciaux. Or, malgré de nombreuses attributions législatives, l'exercice des fonctions du chef de la province se heurte à plusieurs obstacles dans la pratique. A titre d'exemple, l'unité de commandement du gouverneur provincial était souvent contestée, les pouvoirs qui lui ont été délégués par les autorités centrales étaient inappropriés tant à sa fonction qu'à ses responsabilités. Ceci était une source de lenteur de l'administration provinciale dans son ensemble. Puis, comme la province ne pouvait pas bénéficier directement du budget provenant de l'État car la demande de budget provincial était effectuée au nom de la Direction, les projets réalisés sur place ne convenaient donc pas aux besoins des habitants locaux. Enfin, l'absence de coopération entre les fonctionnaires des différents organes dans la province contribuait alors aux chevauchements des travaux de ces organes et causait par la suite une perte de temps et d'argent pour l'État. Ainsi, lors de la réforme en 2001, le gouvernement de l'époque a introduit au niveau provincial le concept du gouverneur « CEO » et la méthode de la gestion d'intégration (MGI). Le chef de la province endosse alors le rôle du Chief Executive Officer (CEO), de ce fait ses pouvoirs ont été renforcés afin qu'il puisse prendre une décision rapide et efficace en réponse aux problèmes survenus dans sa province à l'instar des CEO dans leurs entreprises. Quant à la province, elle applique la MGI qui est une nouvelle façon de travailler visant à rendre de meilleurs services rendus à la population. / Thailand is a unitary state and since 1892 its deconcentrated administration is ensured by the presence of provincial governors. However, despite numerous attributions recognized by the laws, the provincial governor faces several obstacles in practice. For example, his Unity of Command was often challenged, the powers delegated to him by the central authorities were not only inappropriate to his function but also to his responsibilities. This was actually a source of slowness in provincial administration. Then, because the province could not directly benefit the budget from the State, as the process of demand for provincial budget was conducted on behalf of the Department, the projects that were carried out did not necessarily match up with local's need. Finally, the lack of cooperation between officials of different organs who work in the province contributed to an overlap of works and caused thereafter a waste of time and money to the State. Therefore, during the reform in 2001, the then government introduced the concept of "CEO" provincial governor and the system of "Province's Integrated Management - PIM". The provincial governor endorses hereupon the role of Chief Executive Officer (CEO), for this reason, his powers have been reinforced so that he can make a fast and effective decision in response to problems occurring in his province like the CEOs to their companies. As for the province, the system of PIM is applied and it is a new way of working which aims to provide a better service for the population.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ligia Maria de Campos Fagundo.pdf: 840985 bytes, checksum: 478364e3cc45e604552e02e6491f634d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-12 / This study has the main purpose of answering the central question: is there a recent process of deindustrialization on the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo? The process of investigation consists on bibliographical research, with empirical investigation supported on statistical indicators. The process of deindustrialization was analyzed theoretically, to later probe the industrial sector evolution on the RMSP. Eventually, mainly RMSP indicators of industrial output and employment were analyzed to answer the central question. The results suggests that a negative process of deindustrialization had been outlined between 80 s and 90 s basically due to the productive reorganization process, small economic growth, and high agglomeration costs faced by RMSP. However, since this decade (fist decade of 2000), the process of deindustrialization has not persisted / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal responder a questão central: há um processo recente de desindustrialização na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo? O procedimento de pesquisa utilizado é a pesquisa bibliográfica, com investigação empírica com base em dados estatísticos. Analisou-se teoricamente o processo de desindustrialização, para em seguida investigar a evolução do setor industrial na RMSP. Por fim, analisaram-se dados principalmente do produto e emprego industrial da RMSP para responder à questão central. Os resultados sugerem que um processo de desindustrialização negativa esboçou-se entre as décadas de 80 e 90 devido basicamente ao processo de reestruturação produtiva, baixo crescimento econômico, e altos custos de aglomeração, enfrentados pela RMSP. No entanto, a partir da década atual (primeira década de 2000), o processo de desindustrialização não teve continuidade

Since 1994 a number of health reforms took place in furthering democracy. These changes included the decentralisation of Primary Health Care Services. This study is a phenomenological research that chronicles the Primary Health Care decentralisation experiences in the Bophirima District of the North-West Province. Using a descriptive phenomenological orientation, the purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of participants associated with decentralisation in the Bophirima District. Also, to illustrate how the participants perceive these experiences in relation to Primary Health Care services. Furthermore, to provide scientific evidence regarding factors related to the decentralisation of PHC services in the Bophirima District. These and other issues remain of paramount importance given the current state of health care in the South Africa. This study took place in the outskirts of the semi-rural area of Bophirima and Central District in the North-West Province. The investigation followed qualitative research design that was descriptive, exploratory, contextual and phenomenological in nature. The sampling procedure involved non-probability purposive, sampling technique with a sample size of five participants. Data was collected by using an unstructured interview technique. The modified Giorgi method of analysis was used for qualitative data analysis. These are contained in Burns and Grove (2001:596) and Polit and Beck (2004:394) are fully explicated in Chapter Four. Guba model (in Babbie & Mouton, 2001:180) was utilised to ensure the trustworthiness of the study. Ethical requirements were considered throughout and these are reflected in chapter four of the thesis.Three forms of decentralisation: deconcentration, delegation and devolution were identified in the findings. The investigation further indicated that the integration of primary health care services was also underway at the time of decentralisation. This integration triggered different psychological and emotional states amongst research participants. Most importantly, the research revealed that the interest of leadership across three spheres of government played a key role in the decentralisation of PHCs and integration of PHCs, while highlighting the importance of community participation in health service delivery (CP). In conclusion, the decentralisation process was generally perceived as empowering although, nationally, leadership needs to be strengthened to support provinces and districts regarding major policy issues such decentralisation. Key recommendations were made and further research was suggested. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)