Målet med uppsatsen är att visa hur Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games kan användas i ett språkklassrum för att introducera begreppet makt. Målet är även att, från ett makt-perspektiv, kunna påvisa att spektaklet Hungerspelen kan uppfattas som ett medel för systematiskt förtryck, förödmjukelse och avhumanisering av den styrande makten. Ett ytterligare mål är att yrka på att huvudkaraktären Katniss handlingar i Hungerspelen kan uppfattas som motstånd mot detta. Novellen analyseras med hjälp av teorierna ”power over” och ”power to” för att kunna identifiera olika kategorier av makt. ”Power over” är ett uttryck av makt som används för att påverka, tvinga eller utnyttja någon. I novellen kan detta bland annat identifieras när den styrande makten tvingar befolkningen att titta på, eller delta i Hungerspelen. ”Power to” hänvisar till en persons individuella förmågor och kan identifieras i Katniss intelligens, självständighet, överlevnadsfärdigheter och mod. ”The Theory of Consent” är en teori som berör medgivande i en dominant-underordnad relation. Teorin påvisar att utan de underordnas medgivande har den dominanta parten dåliga förutsättningar för att styra. Denna teori presenteras som grund till den styrande maktens motiv för att tvinga dess underordnade att medverka i de farliga spelen. Skolan kan vara en plats som ger ökad förståelse av makt och mänskligt värde, något som betonas i Skolverkets styrdokument.  Detta genom att koppla diskussioner om olika perspektiv om makt till läsningen. Teorierna kan bistå elever med djupare förståelse om begreppet och kunna identifiera och ifrågasätta maktmissbruk och maktutövanden som utnyttjar och förtrycker sina underordnade. Den didaktiska delen kommer ge förslag på ett lektionsupplägg där elever kommer, utöver utveckla sin kunskap om makt, även träna sina språkliga egenskaper genom att läsa, tala, lyssna och skriva. Detta är något som betonas i styrdokumenten.

Why do ordinary individuals participate in mass violence perpetrated against civilians? That is the question I will attempt to answer in the following paper. I consider these men ordinary to the extent that the majority was not socially deviant. Looking at the case of Nazi Germany, two groups stand out as good case studies: the SS Einsatzgruppen and the SS cadres in the Death camps. The following analysis will focus on the motivations of these men to commit mass murder. I argue for a causal sequence of action, beginning with the onset of Nazi ideology, further followed by the dehumanization of the victim and the brutalization of the perpetrator. I will demonstrate how the ideology present during German interwar society influenced these men into participation. Dehumanization and brutalization are complimentary factors that push these men into action.

A presente dissertação de mestrado profissional trata da seguinte temática: a natureza desumanizadora do trabalho nas organizações de produção e consumo, no contexto da sociedade industrializada e tecnológica. A investigação se dá por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica circunscrevendo o objeto de pesquisa por meio de um recorte de análise histórica e sociológica do conceito de trabalho inserido nas transformações históricosociais das revoluções industriais e de pensamento moderno de progresso presente nos setores de produção e consumo. Para tanto, as perguntas pelo desenvolvimento do trabalho na sociedade capitalista, os fatores que indicam a desumanização do trabalho dentro das organizações, a influência da sociedade sobre os modelos organizacionais e os modelos gerenciais que têm sido propostos no decorrer da história das organizações fornecem a delineação metodológica da pesquisa. Decorrente deste quadro intentou-se algumas conclusões, dentre as quais destacamos: a influência do protestantismo. A partir deste a religiosidade ganha um novo sentido da relação pessoal com Deus, e a vida do cristão é para ser vivida e experimentada no mundo. O trabalho é um dever, um serviço a Deus e aos homens e o ócio deve ser rejeitado. Por outro lado, justamente na Revolução Industrial que o trabalho vai se consolidar como fator de sofrimento. Há todo um desenvolvimento histórico que, por exemplo, tira o trabalhador do campo e o coloca na indústria. E é na indústria que ele conhece o sofrimento. O sofrimento atinge o trabalhador em sua integralidade, proveniente de vários aspectos da vida nas indústrias e organizações de produção capitalistas: O ambiente de trabalho, a rotina e a repetição, omissão dos sofrimentos no espaço de trabalho por parte das empresas. Com isso, concluiu-se que a dignidade do ser humano transcende o seu ambiente de trabalho, e a sua felicidade envolve a vida inteira. / This professional Masters dissertation deals with the following theme: dehumanizing nature of work in organizations of production and consumption in the context of industrialized society and technology. The research is done by means of literature delineating the research object through a clipping historical and sociological analysis of the concept of work inserted in the historical and social transformations of the industrial revolutions of modern thought and progress in those sectors of production and consumption . Therefore, the questions for the development of work in capitalist society, the factors that indicate the dehumanization of work within organizations, the influence of society on organizational models and management models that have been proposed throughout history organizations provide delineation methodological research. Due to this framework brought some conclusions, among which we highlight: the influence of Protestantism. From this religiosity gains a new sense of personal relationship with God, and the Christian life is to be lived and experienced in the world. The work is a duty, a service to God and to men and laziness must be rejected. On the other hand, precisely in the Industrial Revolution that the work will be consolidated as a factor of suffering. There is a whole historical development, for example, takes the field worker and puts in the industry. And the industry is that he knows the suffering. Suffering reaches the worker in its entirety, from various aspects of life in the industries and organizations of capitalist production: The work environment, routine and repetition, omission of suffering in the workspace for companies. Thus, it was concluded that the human dignity transcends your desktop, and your happiness involves a lifetime.

Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-25T12:15:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1960456 bytes, checksum: c6444bed798473674660b85a702350e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-25T12:15:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1960456 bytes, checksum: c6444bed798473674660b85a702350e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aimed to identify the relationship between values, women dehumanization and attitudes toward violence against women. Specifically, it aimed to adapt the Attitudes Toward Spousal Violence Scale (ASVS), Attitudes Toward Sexual Violence against Women Scale (ASVWS), and to check if attitudes vary according to the values of the victims. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, in addition to the validation of the measures, it tested the relationship between the mentioned constructs. This study was divided into two parts: psychometric properties of the instruments and the relationship between the constructs. Exploratory analysis of the measures was performed with 200 people from the general population with a mean age of 24.8 years (SD = 7.55) who responded to ASVS and ASVWS and demographic questions. The Principal Components Analysis, without rotation, indicated a one factor structure for each instrument, with alphas of 0.76 (ASVS) and 0.78 (ASVWS). Subsequently, the confirmatory analysis was conducted with a sample of 322 university students, with a mean age of 23.0 years (SD = 2.88), demonstrating that the one factor structure of ASVS (e. g, GFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.01) and ASVWS (e. g, GFI = 0.84; RMSEA = 0.11) is acceptable. The next step was to teste the relationship between variables with two different samples, which differed according to the implicit measure. To investigate the relationship between the attitudes, values and women animalization, 120 people participated of the general population, with a mean age of 24.7 years (SD = 6.62) who answered the two scales of attitudes mentioned, the Basic Values Questionnaire (QVB), the Implicit Association Test (IAT) Human-Animals and demographic questions. No relationship was observed between the women animalization and attitudes. In order to verify the relationship between the attitudes, values and the objectification of women, 95 respondents participated with an average age of 23.3 years (SD = 4.65). They answered the mentioned instruments and the Human-Objects TAI. There was no association between the objectification of women and attitudes. Regarding to values, it was found that the normative and promotion are related to support attitudes to domestic and sexual violence. In Study 2, it was explored the relationship between the values of the victim and attitudes. 322 college students participated, with mean age of 23.02 years (SD = 2.88) than after reading woman aggression scenes, responded in addition to the above measures, questions relating to the situation of violence described in the scenario and the Aggression Questionnaire. The results showed that when the woman prioritizes promotion values, the people tend to blame the victim for the violence than when the women were described endorsing existence. Additionally, it was constructed an explanatory model of attitudes, taking the values and the aggressive trait of respondents. Thus, this dissertation contributed to the literature in the area providing two brief measures of assessment of attitudes towards violence against women and increasing the understanding on this issue. / Esta dissertação objetivou conhecer a relação entre os valores, a desumanização da mulher e as atitudes frente à violência contra a mulher. Especificamente, pretendeu-se conhecer evidências de validade da Escala de Atitudes frente à Violência Conjugal Contra a Mulher (EAVCM) e da Escala de Atitudes frente à Violência Sexual contra a mulher (EAVSM), além de verificar se as atitudes variam em função dos valores das vítimas. Dois estudos foram conduzidos. No Estudo 1, além da validação das medidas, objetivou-se conhecer a relação entre os construtos estudados. Dividiu-se este estudo em duas partes: Propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos e Relação entre os construtos. Para a análise exploratória das medidas, participaram 200 pessoas da população geral com idade média de 24,8 anos (DP = 7,55) que responderam a EAVCM e EAVSM e perguntas sociodemográficas. A Análise dos Componentes Principais, sem rotação, constatou uma estrutura unifatorial para cada um dos instrumentos, com alfas de 0,76 (EAVCM) e 0,78 (EAVSM). Posteriormente, a análise confirmatória foi efetuada com uma amostra de 322 universitários, com idade média de 23 anos (DP = 2,88), demonstrando que a unifatorialidade da EAVCM (e.g., GFI = 0,99; RMSEA = 0,01) e da EAVSM (e.g., GFI = 0,84; RMSEA = 0,11) é aceitável. Em seguida, testou-se a relação entre os construtos Para verificar a relação entre as atitudes, os valores e a animalização da mulher, participaram 120 pessoas da população geral, com idade média de 24,7 anos (DP = 6,62) que responderam as duas escalas de atitudes citadas, o Questionário dos Valores Básicos (QVB), o Teste de Associação Implícita (TAI) Humanos-Animais e questões sociodemográficas. Não se observou relação entre a animalização da mulher e as atitudes. Com o intuito de verificar a relação entre as atitudes, os valores e a objetificação da mulher, contou-se com 95 respondentes, sendo a idade média de 23,3 anos (DP = 4,65). Estes responderam aos instrumentos citados e ao TAI Humanos-Objetos. Não se constatou associação entre a objetificação da mulher e as atitudes. Quantos aos valores, verificou-se que os normativos e de realização estão relacionados às atitudes de suporte à violência conjugal e sexual. No Estudo 2, explorou-se a relação entre os valores da vítima e as atitudes. Participaram 322 estudantes universitários, com idade média de 23,02 anos (DP = 2,88) que após a leitura de cenários de agressão da mulher, responderam além das medidas citadas, questões relativas à situação de violência descrita no cenário e o Questionário de Agressão. Os resultados demonstraram que quando a mulher prioriza valores de realização, ela tende a ser culpabilizada em maior medida pela violência do que quando é descrita endossando existência. Adicionalmente, construiu-se um modelo explicativo das atitudes tomando-se os valores e o traço agressivo dos respondentes. Confia-se ter contribuído para a literatura na área fornecendo duas medidas breves de avaliação das atitudes frente à violência contra a mulher e ampliando o entendimento sobre esta temática.

O tema da humanização dos serviços e práticas de saúde vem sendo objeto atualmente de várias elaborações e pesquisas no campo da saúde coletiva em razão de sua importância para constituição de práticas e serviços centrados no cuidado e na integralidade da atenção. Esse estudo teve como objetivo a análise das transformações contemporâneas do trabalho médico e suas implicações para os processos de humanização/desumanização do trabalho em saúde. Optou-se pela metodologia de vertente qualitativa, sendo que a coleta de dados baseou-se na triangulação das técnicas de entrevista em profundidade sob a forma de seis histórias de vida profissional de médicos e de análise documental. A fim de analisar como as transformações em andamento nas práticas médicas e de saúde afetam a relação entre profissional de saúde e usuário de forma a caracterizá-la como desumanizante, nos valemos do substrato filosófico da dialética humanização-alienação. O estudo das transformações pelas quais passam o trabalho médico e em saúde demonstrou a conformação de dinâmicas potencializadoras de relações simultaneamente humanizadoras e alienantes entre seus sujeitos constituintes e destes com os demais elementos componentes dos processos assistenciais em saúde. Por um lado, o movimento permanente de desenvolvimento de teorias, métodos e práticas cada vez mais eficientes na abordagem das condições de sofrimento dos sujeitos, principalmente em sua dimensão orgânica, representa uma dimensão humanizadora inegável do trabalho em saúde, expressando aqui um elemento constituidor do gênero humano como cada vez mais rico e complexo. Por outro lado, a repercussão desse acúmulo genérico no plano dos sujeitos e coletivos concretos tende a produzir implicações contraditórias, expressas, por exemplo, na (re)produção de graus significativos de desumanização e sofrimento. Exemplo disso é como os movimentos contemporâneos de socialização do trabalho médico e em saúde sob referenciais centrados na heteronomia, na racionalidade de base empresarial, na divisão técnica reificada e no papel determinante exercido pelo capital no interior do setor saúde contribuem para a conformação de processos de trabalho progressivamente subordinadores do agir autodeterminado, reflexivo e criativo dos agentes a dinâmicas fetichizadas e instrumentalizadoras, tanto para eles quanto para usuários dos serviços. Também em função dessa ampla gama de transformações, evidencia-se um aprofundamento do estranhamento dos médicos em relação às determinações sociais de sua prática, dos demais sujeitos e de seus sofrimentos. Analisou-se como esses agentes podem estabelecer relações reificantes com seus instrumentos de trabalho, seja na forma de equipamentos, seja na forma de tecnologias não-materiais, como as várias formas de rotinas e protocolos, contribuindo para um descentramento dos sujeitos no interior das práticas de saúde. O trabalho em saúde, destarte, constitui-se como cenário-processo onde o desenvolvimento da dialética humanização-alienação expressa a tensão permanente entre, por um lado, a busca do devir consciente e autodeterminado pelos sujeitos e, por outro, sua subordinação por dinâmicas reprodutoras de relações sociais desumanizantes / The subject of humanization of health services and health practices has been the object of several researches in the field of collective health due to its importance for the constitution of practices and services focused on the care and completeness of attention. The present study aimed to analyse the contemporary changes in medical work and their inplications on the humanization/dehumanization processes in the health practice. The qualitative approach to research was chosen, and the data collection was based on the triangulation of in-depth interview technique under the form of stories of the professional lives of six doctors and documental analysis. In order to analyse how the on going transformations on the medical and health practices affect the relation between health workers and users characterizing it as dehumanizing, the phylosofical basis of the dialectic relation of humanization/alienation was employed. The study of the changes the medical and health work go through has shown the construction of dynamics which potencialize relations simultaneously humanizing and alienating between their constituting subjects and their relation with the other elements that compose the health care processes. On the one hand, the permanent movement of development of theories, practices and methods increasingly efficient in approaching the patient\'s distress, mainly on their organic aspect, represents an undeniably humanizing dimension of the health care, expressing an element increasingly rich and complex constitutive of the human genre. On the other hand, the repercussion resultant of this generic accumulation in the sphere of concrete subjects and collectives tends to produce contraditory implications expressed, for example, in the (re)production of significative levels of dehumanization and distress. This may be exemplified by the manner the contemporary movements of medical and health work socialization under frameworks centered on heteronomy, business based racionality, reified technical division and the main role played by the capital inside the health sector contribute to the conformation of work processes which progressively subordinate the self determined, reflexive and creative actions of its agents to fetishized and instrumentalizing dynamics, both for agents and users of the services. Also due to this wide spectrum of transformations, it becomes evident the deepening of the estrangement between doctors and the social determinations on their practice, the other subjects and their distress. It was analysed how these agents may stablish reificating relations with their instruments of work, either as equipment, or as non-material technologies, like the various forms of routines and protocols, contributing to a decenterment of the subjects internal to the health practices. The work in health, thus, constitutes a process-scenario in which the development of the dialectic relation humanization-alienation expresses the permanent tention between, on the one hand, the search for the conscient and self determined future of the subjects and, on the other hand, their subordination to dynamics which reproduce dehumanizing social relations

In my thesis, I explore how advanced robotic technologies affect human society and my particular concern centers on investigating the boundaries between actual humans and artificial beings. Taking Steven Spielberg’s film Artificial Intelligence (2001) and Philip K. Dick’s novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep (1968) as my primary sources, I illustrate how humans are experiencing dehumanization whereas artificial beings are acting much more like humans by analyzing the main characters and events that depicted in both sources. Further on, based on Nick Haslam’s theory of two main forms of dehumanization (animalistic dehumanization and mechanistic dehumanization), I discuss the interrelationships between social categorization, empathy, alienation and dehumanization by comparing actual humans and artificial beings as counter-parts. According to the descriptions of the strained relationship between these two parties, I argue that the rigid social hierarchies set foundation for dehumanization and the characteristics that define a human being, such as humanity is not a trait that only exits in humans. It can be both gained and lost.

Why do ordinary individuals participate in mass violence perpetrated against civilians? That is the question I will attempt to answer in the following paper. I consider these men ordinary to the extent that the majority was not socially deviant. Looking at the case of Nazi Germany, two groups stand out as good case studies: the SS Einsatzgruppen and the SS cadres in the Death camps. The following analysis will focus on the motivations of these men to commit mass murder. I argue for a causal sequence of action, beginning with the onset of Nazi ideology, further followed by the dehumanization of the victim and the brutalization of the perpetrator. I will demonstrate how the ideology present during German interwar society influenced these men into participation. Dehumanization and brutalization are complimentary factors that push these men into action.

There is a lack of research on the relationship between dehumanization of minority religious groups and affiliation with terrorism, which suggests a need to consider the consequences of dehumanization perceptions beyond promoting aggression. This qualitative case study addresses whether dehumanization embedded in public policies influences Muslim Americans 18 to 25 years of age, native and nonnative, to engage in homegrown terrorism. Using Schneider and Ingram’s social constructions of target populations as the foundation, research questions focused on how perceptions of mechanistic dehumanization in policy design influence homegrown terrorism among Muslim- American adults. Data were acquired through archival data that included historical documents, artifacts, and recorded testimonies of U.S. senior policymakers and organizations. These data were inductively coded, and through thematic analysis, Muslim Americans’ opinions and experiences with mechanistic dehumanization in policy settings were examined. Key themes indicated that during the early stages of the War on Terror, Americans dehumanized U.S. Muslims, which corresponded to support for exclusionary policies. However, there were no indications of modification to target group political orientation. The implications for positive social change include recommendations to policy makers to reevaluate social and public policies for Muslim Americans, counterterrorism practitioners, and scholars to avoid unfocused and unjust policies that impose collateral damage against all Muslims and not the intended targets of international extremists.

In an investigation of whether Goffman’s (1963) concept of the stigma of race is still relevant in understanding current social attitudes in 21st century America, this dissertation examines the link between Goffman’s (1963) concept of the stigma of race and research focused primarily on racism and prejudice. Six research questions examined different aspects of social attitudes among Americans: their view of people of other races, judgments toward those of minority racial groups, intergroup communication between people from different racial backgrounds, the influence of the media and other information sources, and the extent of the relationship between stigma and racism. The research included a between-subjects experimental design, Implicit Association Tests, and racism measures, including the social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, old-fashioned and modern racism, and blatant dehumanization scales, along with the stigma dimensions developed by Bresnahan and Zhuang (2011). Based on the findings, this study proposed new racial stigma dimensions to study the stigma of race. This study contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding around issues of stigma and race in the United States, has practical suggestions that may help guide the way to dismantle the forces that perpetuate the stigma of race, and provides encouragement to continue to seek a pathway to better intergroup communication, acceptance of diverse groups, and social equity. / Media & Communication

In this paper, I seek to determine whether the current ban on performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in professional sport is justified. I look at two of the most common categories of arguments in favor of the ban, which I term the Harm Category and The Nature of Sport Category, and ultimately determine that neither is strong enough to justify the current ban. I determine, however, that a third and less common category of arguments, which I term the Dehumanization Category, provides good reason to justify the ban by appealing to our intuitions about why the use of PEDs in professional sport is wrong.