目前各國為了提升政府運作效能與國家競爭力，均將電子化政府視為重點發展策略。電子化政府的發展，從早期推動國家資訊基礎建設，到進一步運用資訊通訊科技提供各類政府服務，再到強調行政服務的效率與整合、網路公民參與等，目前已在世界各國形成風潮。電子化政府的普及應用，對於促成公民社會的發展、公義社會的追求及優質網路社會的建構，都帶來相當的影響，也因此當前電子化政府的最新發展為「電子治理」概念的提出。 在電子治理的概念下，電子化政府的評估方式應該從以往的投入-產出之效率評估轉向強調公共目標實現與否的影響評估。然而當前在電子治理影響評估的研究方面仍十分缺乏，雖然目前的電子治理評估研究已經開始重視從使用者的角度進行評估，但評估的焦點還停留在使用者對電子化政府服務的感受，而非電子化政府服務實際對使用者產生何種影響，且尚未以因果模型的方式建構一個完整的電子治理影響評估架構，以找出造成公共目標實現的關鍵因素。 本研究透過國際電子化政府評估研究、電子化政府評估架構、網路服務品質評估研究、電子治理影響評估四類文獻的整理，結合DeLone & McLean的資訊系統成功模型與Heeks的電子化政府價值鏈模型，提出了電子治理影響評估因果模型以及評估指標，同時介紹我國重要的電子化政府服務：「電子採購系統」的發展現況以及相關評估研究，並透過次級資料分析，針對我國電子採購系統進行因果模型的驗證。研究結果證實本研究所提出的電子採購因果評估模型確實具有一定的解釋能力，同時本研究也透過模型實證的結果針對電子採購的政策以及後續研究提出了相關建議。 / eGovernment, as a popular government activity, has adopted by many countries in order to maximize the competitive advantage of nations. As eGovernment activity grows over time, the main issues of e-government change from e-infrastructure to e-service and to e-participation, and this change brings the concern about the impact of eGovernment. Therefore, the latest development of eGovernment is “eGovernance”. Under the concepts of eGovernance, the focus of eGovernment evaluation should change form program evaluation to impact assessment. However, most of literature concerning eGovernance has focused on the supply side, which is the perspective of the government. Little has focused on the evaluation of actual use and its impact in e-government service. This research reviews literatures and related reports, based on Heeks’ eGovernment Value Chain Model and DeLone and McLean’s Information System Success Model, proposes a causal model for the empirical examination of impacts of the e-Procurement System in Taiwan, this model is strongly supported by the empirical data. This research also makes some suggestions for the improvement of e-Procurement policy in Taiwan, and for futher researches.

Les objets considérés dans cette thèse sont les empilements de sphères égales, principalement de $R^n$, et les beta-entiers, pour lesquels on utilise indifféremment le langage des empilements de sphères ou celui des ensembles uniformément discrets pour les décrire. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur les problèmes suivants : (i) aspects métriques et topologiques de l'espace des empilements de sphères pour lequels nous prouvons un théorème de compacité qui généralise le Théorème de Sélection de Mahler relatif aux réseaux, (ii) les relations entre trous profonds et la densité par la constante de Delone ainsi que la structure interne asymptotique, en couches, des empilements les plus denses, (iii) les empilements autosimilaires de type fini pour lesquels nous montrons, pour chacun, l'existence d'un schéma de coupe-et-projection associé à un entier algébrique (l'autosimilarité) dont le degré divise le rang de l'empilement, dans le contexte des quasicristaux mathématiques, (iv) les empilements de sphères sur beta-réseaux, dont l'étude a surtout consisté à comprendre l'ensemble discret localement fini $Z_\beta$ des beta-entiers et à proposer une classification des nombres algébriques qui complémente celle de Bertrand-Mathis, reportée dans un article de Blanchard, et où la mesure de Mahler de beta intervient naturellement.

In today’s society, much information is utilized and distributed through information and communication technology. However, even though IT or ICT has been introduced in the healthcare sector, paper documents are still in use. Studies show that this may create an inefficient healthcare, something pre-surgical medical personnel at a medical clinic in the southern part of Sweden, are well aware of.Their problem is that an increasing number of surgical procedures are cancelled as patients fail to comply with pre-surgery information; the information provided to patients before having surgery. Pre-surgical medical personnel believe that the root to this problem comes from the way patients are given access to the information itself. Currently, this is limited to paper document, a solution that worked in the past. However, a more diverse clientele has resulted in a greater need for information access and paper documents simply cannot support this in an effective manner.Pre-surgical medical personnel believe this could be improved if the information was also made accessible through an information system. And so, the focus of the master thesis was to explore the pre-surgical medical personnel’s perception on the requirements, usage and impact of a new IS that could, subsequently, generate improvements in the accessibility and understandability of pre-surgery information.The problematic situation was approached with an interpretative qualitative case study were data was collected through three different methods so that triangulation could take place. The master thesis then utilized a modified version of the Delone and McLean’s information system success model and a content analysis to approach, analyse and discuss the collected data.The findings of this analysis revealed that pre-surgical medical personnel perceived an information system where the technology used to support it, was less significant than the information system’s ability to provide patients with equal access to pre-surgery information. The analysis also revealed that the information system must be capable of presenting information as both text and narrated video, as well as in a language chosen by the patient. Lastly, the perceived effect of the information systems implementation and usage was a substantial reduction in the number of surgeries that were cancelled.

Cette étude fournit un aperçu des tendances qui existent dans la littérature concernant le gouvernement électronique et le potentiel que ces systèmes ont pour les gouvernements, les entreprises, les employés et les citoyens dans la perspective des pays en développement. Pour comprendre la nature multidimensionnelle des systèmes de gouvernement électronique, cette étude présente un cadre de l'adoption par les citoyens de services du gouvernement électronique en intégrant la littérature sur l'acceptation de technologies et sur le succès du système d'information ainsi que les croyances d'attitude et de la société. Le modèle a été testé par une étude empirique au moyen de deux enquêtes, un questionnaire papier et une autre enquête sur internet. La modélisation d’équation structurelle a été utilisée pour tester les hypothèses.Les résultats de la recherche ont montré que par la capacité perçue à utiliser, le bénéfice fonctionnel, la confiance dans l'internet, la confiance dans le gouvernement et la satisfaction des utilisateurs sont de forts prédicteurs de l'intention des citoyens d’adopter des services de gouvernement électroniques. Nous trouvons également que l'effet de la qualité de l'information et la qualité du système sur l'adoption de l’e-gouvernement est totalement médiée par la capacité perçue à utiliser, le bénéfice fonctionnel, la confiance dans l'internet, la confiance dans le gouvernement et la satisfaction des utilisateurs. La capacité perçue à utiliser et la confiance dans le gouvernement s'avèrent être de significatifs médiateurs de la relation entre la qualité de service et l'adoption des services gouvernementaux en ligne. Nous ne trouvons pas d'effet direct significatif de risque perçu de terrorisme sur l'adoption des services gouvernementaux en ligne, cependant, nous trouvons un effet indirect par le bénéfice fonctionnel. Par ailleurs, nous trouvons un effet significatif du sexe, niveau d'éducation et du niveau d'expérience (avec Internet et avec les sites web du gouvernement) sur l'adoption des services gouvernementaux en ligne par les citoyens. On a constaté que l’âge n'avait pas d'effet significatif sur l'adoption des services gouvernementaux en ligne.En outre, la recherche fournit certaines suggestions utiles et implications pour les milieux académiques et les professionnels des services gouvernementaux en ligne. Cela permettra également de réduire les confusions dans l'esprit des citoyens, au sujet de l’adoption de l'e-gouvernement / Globalization has increased the importance of internet as a medium of communication almost in all aspects of our lives. The current exploratory research provides an insight into the trends that exist within literature concerning the area of Electronic Government (e-government) and the potential these have for the governments, businesses, employees and citizens in perspective of the developing countries. Globally the pace of implementing e-government services is rapidly increasing; however, despite high levels of investment, a broad range of applications, and various methods of access citizens have shown relatively low levels of usage of e-government services making it an interesting area of research. To encompass the multi-dimensional nature of e-government systems the current study presents a framework of citizens’ adoption of e-government services by integrating technology acceptance and information systems (IS) success literature along with citizens’ attitudinal and societal beliefs. In the proposed framework, the qualities of e-government websites such as perceived information quality (PIQ), perceived system quality (PSYQ) and perceived service quality (PSQ) along with social influence (SI), perceived risk of terrorism (PRT) are posited to influence citizens’ adoption of e-government services (ADP) directly and indirectly through perceived ability to use (PATU), perceived functional benefit (PFB), trust in the medium (TM), trust in the government (TG) and user satisfaction (SAT). The research uses a citizen-centric approach to determine citizens’ overall acceptability/adoptability of e-government services. Although we may generalize the results to other countries, yet the primary intention of this research is to shed light on how to approach, manage and implement such projects in developing countries. The model has been examined through an empirical study using paper-based along with a web-based survey. Structural equation modeling has been used to test the proposed hypotheses. The results of the research show that perceived ability to use, perceived functional benefit, trust in medium, trust in government and user satisfaction are strong predictors of citizens’ adoption of e-government services. We also find evidence that the effect of perceived information quality and perceived system quality on adoption of e-government services is totally mediated by perceived ability to use, perceived functional benefit, trust in medium, trust in government and user satisfaction. Perceived ability to use and trust in government are found to be significant mediators on the relationship between perceived service quality and adoption of e-government services. We do not find any significant direct effect of perceived risk of terrorism on adoption of e-government services rather we find an indirect effect through perceived functional benefit. We also find that perceived ability to use, trust in medium and trust in government partially mediate the relationship between social influence and adoption of e-government services. Moreover, we find significant effect of gender, education level, experience with internet and with e-government websites on citizens’ adoption of e-government services. Age is found to have no significant effect on citizens’ adoption of e-government services. Further, the research provides some useful suggestions and implications for the academician and practitioners of e-government services assisting them in designing and implementing policies and strategies to increase the adoption of e-government services. This will also help reduce confusions in the minds of citizens, regarding e-government adoption

Computing / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

隨著資訊與通訊科技的發達，電子化政府隨之興起，政府開始利用資訊與通訊科技服務民眾。對電子化政府而言，其面臨的顧客不只包含外部顧客─公民與企業，也包含一大群的內部顧客─公務人員，由於公務人員是電子化政府重要的內部顧客，了解他們對於電子化系統、服務的使用感受有其必要性，也顯現G2E計畫成效評估的重要性。有鑑於政府採購為國家龐大支出，因此，本研究以政府電子採購網作為研究的個案。 本研究回顧電子化政府計畫評估、顧客導向的電子化政府、顧客滿意度的影響因素三類文獻，並結合Heeks (2006)電子化政府價值鏈、DeLone & McLean資訊系統成功模型，以及朱斌妤(2010-2013)的G2E計畫指標，從內部使用者角度發展電子採購內部顧客成效評估因果模型，主要由六大構面組成，分別為組織管理、服務品質、系統品質、資訊品質、員工感受效益以及員工滿意度，並透過次級資料進行驗證。 研究結果發現，本研究提出的電子採購內部顧客成效評估因果模型具有一定的解釋力，各構面之間的影響關係皆達統計上的顯著。本研究也比較不同機關性質與標案性質，進行不同構面之間的路徑係數比較，結果顯示不同的機關性質、標案性質對於不同構面之間的路徑係數確實有影響，根據研究結果，本研究也提出了一些政策建議與後續研究的建議。 / Electronic Government (e-Government) is about governments interacting, conducting business and delivering services to their citizens and private companies electronically through the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). All key stakeholders including the government employees, private sectors, and citizens benefit from successful implementation of ICTs. The usage evaluation from e-government employees’ point of view (G2E), i.e., the internal customers of e-government, is vital. This research uses Government e-Procurement System as a case study of G2E program evaluation. Topics of literature review for this research include e-Government programs assessment, customer-orientede-Government and influencing factors of customer’s satisfaction, combines with Heeks’ e-Government Value Chain, DeLone and McLean’s Information System Success Model, and Chu’s G2E programs assessment indicators, which propose a casual model for internal customers’ evaluation of e-Procurement system in Taiwan. This model consists of six dimensions－organization management, service squality, system quality, information quality, employee perceived benefits, and employee satisfaction. The outcomes of this research indicate that our model is strongly supported by the empirical data. This research also includes comparations of different organizations and procurement cases, which indicate that different organizations and procurement cases have difference in path coefficients. Finally, this research makes some suggestions for the improvement of e-Procurement policy, and for future researches.

Computing / M. Sc. (Information Systems)