Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar as práticas de desaparecimento das ditaduras civil-militares de segurança nacional argentina e brasileira como componentes das estratégias de implantação do terror desses regimes, como a questão dos desaparecidos foi tratada durante os governos transicionais e administrações civis posteriores ao período ditatorial e como a temática foi trabalhada a partir dos governos de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva e Néstor Kirchner. Pretende-se, desta forma, estabelecer uma relação entre a forma como foram realizados os processos de transição política – em se tratando dos Direitos Humanos, mais especificamente, a garantia do direito à justiça e à verdade – e a elaboração de políticas de memória e reparação ou desmemória e esquecimento no presente. A partir dessa compreensão, têm-se indícios de que as rupturas, caracterizadas por uma condenação moral em relação ao passado ditatorial, são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento dessas políticas. Para o cumprimento deste objetivo, este estudo está dividido em três capítulos. No primeiro, apresenta-se uma análise da prática do desaparecimento, salientado as semelhanças existentes entre o caso argentino e brasileiro, resguardadas as diferenças em extensividade e intensidade. O segundo estuda os processos de transição política e o tratamento conferido à questão dos desaparecidos pelos governos transicionais e pelas administrações civis até o término da década de 1990. O terceiro e último capítulo analisa as políticas de memória e reparação e desmemória e esquecimento elaboradas a partir dos anos 2000, quando se efetivou uma mudança no marco interpretativo sobre o passado recente da região e se tornou possível a consecução dessas políticas. / This thesis aims to analyze the practice of disappearance of Argentine and Brazilian national security civil-military dictatorship as components of strategies for implementing terror. It also aims to approach how the transitional governments and subsequent civil administrations dealt with the disappeared and how this issue had been discussed from the governments of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Néstor Kirchner. This approach aims to establish a relation between the ways the political transitions took place in these countries – regarding the Human Rights, more specifically, in guaranteeing the rights to justice and truth – and the development of memory and repair policies or oblivion flaring and forgetting policies in the present. Based on this comprehension, there are evidences that the disruptions, characterized by a moral conviction against the dictatorial past, are fundamental to the development of these policies. For the fulfillment of these objectives, this study is divided into three chapters. The first one presents an analysis of the practice of disappearance, stressing the similarities between the Argentine and Brazilian case, safeguarding the differences in extensiveness and intensity. The second one deals with the processes of political transition and the treatment given to the issue of disappearance by the transitional governments and the civil administrations until the end of the 1990’s. The third and final chapter analyzes the memory and repair policies or oblivion flaring and forgetting policies prepared since the year 2000, when there was a change in the interpretative framework about the region recent past and it became possible to achieve these policies.

The topic of this diploma thesis is Argentine - U.S. bilateral relations during the rule of military junta in Argentina from 1976 to 1983. It deals with the most discussed topics such as human rights violations, grain embargo towards USSR, Falkland islands war, cooperation and competition in Central America, nuclear cooperation. It covers period from the fall of government of María Estela Isabel de Perón and the rise of military junta to the resignation of Leopoldo Galtieri and celebration of free elections in 1983 in Argentina. From the USA side it covers periods of the late Ford administration, entire Carter administration and first years of Reagan administration.

Cette thèse considère l'importance de la mémoire et de l'autofiction dans l'œuvre littéraire et cinématographique des enfants de militants politiques en Argentine pendant les années soixante-dix. L'analyse se concentre sur le documentaire Los rubios (2003) d'Albertina Carri, et sur les romans Los topos (2014) de Féliz Bruzzone et La casa de los conejos (2008) de Laura Alcoba. Ces auteurs, mais aussi d’autres auteurs de la même génération et des enfants de militants, abordent le passé de la dernière dictature (1976-1983) en se concentrant sur le personnage du « disparu ». En même temps, ils deviennent protagonistes de leurs propres histoires. La mémoire de membres de leurs familles et de survivants est nécessaire pour que les auteurs de ces œuvres sachent ce qui est arrivé à leurs parents disparus. L'autofiction devient une nécessité pour pouvoir élaborer leurs narrations, dans lesquelles se confondent la fiction, les faits réels et les données biographiques. L'autofiction des auteurs étudiés ici se distingue de l'autofiction canonique par un pacte de lecture différent. L'analyse tourne autour des concepts de mémoire et d'histoire, ce qui permet de voir la spécificité et la singularité avec laquelle les auteurs abordent le passé. L'œuvre culturelle, littéraire ou cinématographique, se constitue dans ces travaux comme un espace dans lequel le trauma est réélaboré. La remise en question de la mémoire du militantisme, les décisions des parents, la recherche de la propre identité, l'apparition de voix antérieurement ignorées ou peu écoutées sont des aspects qui apparaissent dans ces narrations. À travers leurs œuvres, les enfants de militants et/ou de disparus ont ouvert d'autres voies d'interprétation de la période la plus tragique de l'histoire argentine, en représentant d'autres mémoires et en évoquant un passé sur lequel tout n’a pas encore été dit. / This thesis considers the importance of memory and autofiction in the literary and audiovisual work produced by the children of the 1970´s Argentinian political activists. Our analysis comprises the documentary Los rubios (2003) by Albertina Carri, the novels Los topos (2014) by Félix Bruzzone, and La casa de los conejos (2008) by Laura Alcoba. These authors, along with others from their generation who also had activist parents, reflect on the events that took place during the last Argentinian dictatorship (1976-1983) by focusing on the figure of the desaparecido (the missing person). At the same time, these authors present themselves as the protagonists of their own stories. The memories of family members and of political survivors become an instrumental tool for the authors to understand the fate of their missing parents. For these authors, autofiction becomes necessary if they are to elaborate their narratives, which merge fiction, biographical experiences and historical events. The autofictional work of the authors we study here proposes a different reading contract from the one usually established by canonical autofiction. Our analysis delves into issues related to memory and history, which reveal the specific and original way in which these works consider the past. Cultural, literary or audiovisual works become a space for the working through of historical trauma. These narratives problematize the past, questioning the memory of 1970s political activism, doubting their parents´ decisions, searching for their own identities, and include voices that had been previously ignored. Through their work, the children of political activists and/or missing persons have opened new ways of considering one of the most tragic periods of Argentinian history, representing other memories and recalling a past about which not all has been told. / Esta tesis considera la importancia de la memoria y de la autoficción en la obra literaria y cinematográfica de hijos de militantes políticos de la Argentina de los años setenta. El análisis se centra en el documental Los rubios (2003) de Albertina Carri, y en las novelas Los topos (2014) y La casa de los conejos (2008) de Féliz Bruzzone y Laura Alcoba, respectivamente. Estos autores, junto a otros de la misma generación y también hijos de militantes, abordan el pasado de la última dictadura (1976-1983) centrándose en la figura del desaparecido. Lo hacen, además, como protagonistas de sus propias historias. La memoria de familiares y sobrevivientes resulta necesaria para que los autores de las obras sepan qué ocurrió con sus padres desaparecidos. La autoficción se torna una necesidad para poder elaborar sus narraciones, en las que convergen ficción, hechos reales y datos biográficos. Las autoficciones de los autores estudiados aquí se distinguen de las autoficciones canónicas por el diferente pacto de lectura que en ellas subyace. El análisis gira en torno a los conceptos de memoria e historia, lo cual permite ver la especifidad y singularidad con la que abordan el pasado. La obra cultural, literaria o cinematográfica, se constituye en estos trabajos como un espacio en que se reelabora el trauma. El cuestionamiento a la memoria de la militancia, a las decisiones de los padres, la búsqueda de la propia identidad, la aparición de voces antes ignoradas o poco escuchadas son aspectos que, en mayor o menos medida, son evidentes en estas narraciones. A través de sus obras, los hijos de militantes y/o desaparecidos han abierto otras vías de interpretación del periodo más trágico de la historia argentina, representando otras memorias y evocando un pasado sobre el que todavía no está todo dicho.