Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) is a further development of the Six Sigma draft to carry through preventing quality measures in developing and designing of new products and processes. With increasing demands on enterprises development processes to be more safety and faster the need of DFSS arise as a product, process and service development concept in the organisations. Design for Six Sigma aims to improve and structure the development process of an organisation and consider the application of the innovation problem solving. The concept aims to leave the structure of the traditional Six Sigma concept and instead, from an innovative perspective, search for new solutions to existing problems. The concept constitute of a toolbox with a lot of quality tools that are divided into phases in a development model. Combined with the organizations project model the Design for Six Sigma concept can give rise to excellent results in the work with developing and designing of new products and processes. The condition to succeed is that the draft has been established and accepted with the organizations collaborator. This thesis work summarizes the contents of the Design for Six Sigma concept. The concentration of the performance has been the underlying theory behind the DFSS draft together with the contents of the methodology and the included tools. / Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) är en vidareutveckling av Sex Sigma-konceptet för att genomföra förebyggande kvalitetsåtgärder vid ny- och vidareutveckling av produkter och processer. Med ökade krav på säkrare och snabbare utvecklingsprocesser hos organisationer uppkommer ett behov av detta produkt-, process- och tjänsteutvecklingskoncept. Design for Six Sigma konceptet behandlar strukturering och utveckling av en verksamhets utvecklingsprocess och handlar mycket om applicerandet av det som vanligen benämns innovativ problemlösning. Konceptet syftar således till att frångå Sex Sigmas traditionella strukturerade arbetssätt och istället, utifrån ett innovativt angreppssätt, söka fastställa helt nya lösningar på ett problem. Konceptet består av en verktygslåda med kvalitetsverktyg uppdelade i faser i en utvecklingsmodell. Kombinerat med en organisations projektledningsmodell kan Design for Six Sigma medföra goda resultat vid produkt och processutvecklingsarbete under förutsättning att förståelse och acceptans hos medarbetarna etablerats. Detta examensarbete sammanfattar innehållet i Design for Six Sigma-konceptet. Fokus har legat på DFSSs bakomvarande teorier vilka utgör grunderna till konceptet samt dess innehåll och verktygslåda.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a adequação e o alinhamento da metodologia de desenvolvimento de produtos de acordo com o tipo de projeto, comparando-se projetos baseados em Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) e Design Thinking (DT) em uma mesma empresa. Optou-se pela estratégia de pesquisa qualitativa, com o desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso, realizado no período de dezembro de 2015 a março de 2016, em uma empresa multinacional do setor financeiro, que utiliza ambas as metodologias. O estudo envolveu a análise de dados de oito projetos, sendo quatro DFSS e quatro DT. Para a interpretação e síntese dos resultados, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e o teste de mediana de Mood. Os resultados indicam que o tipo de projeto e o tipo de problema afetam a escolha da metodologia, sendo possível refletir sobre a utilização de abordagens soft mais voltadas para negócios, ao invés da aplicação de abordagens hard. Projetos DT estão mais alinhados aos conceitos de projetos soft e comumente são utilizados na solução de problemas abertos. Por outro lado, projetos DFSS estão mais alinhados aos conceitos de projetos hard e geralmente são utilizados na solução de problemas fechados. Verificou-se também que o questionário de pesquisa pode ser empregado como um framework de análise para a seleção correta da metodologia a ser utilizada. / The aim of this study is to analyze the appropriateness and the alignment of product development methodology according to the project type, comparing projects based on Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) and Design Thinking (DT) in the same company. A qualitative research strategy was applied, with the development of a case study, carried out from December 2015 to March 2016, in a multinational financial company, which applies both approaches. The study involved eight projects data analysis, four DFSS and four DT. To the interpretation and synthesis of the results, descriptive statistics and the Mood median test was applied. The results indicate that the project type and the problem type affect the choice of the methodology and it is possible to reflect on the use of soft approaches more focused on business instead of applying hard approaches. DT projects are more aligned with the concepts of soft projects and are commonly used in solving ill structured problems. On the other hand, DFSS projects are more aligned with the concepts of hard projects and are commonly used to solve well structured problems. It was also found that the survey questionnaire can be used as an analytical framework for the correct selection of the methodology to be applied.

Submitted by FLAVIO YOSHIKAZU YUKITA null (fyukita@ig.com.br) on 2017-12-18T01:04:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Flávio Y Yukita.pdf: 4681342 bytes, checksum: d4cc7096fcb5b77eaadcf13d564a0748 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br) on 2017-12-18T12:23:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 yukita_fy_dr_guara.pdf: 4681342 bytes, checksum: d4cc7096fcb5b77eaadcf13d564a0748 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-18T12:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 yukita_fy_dr_guara.pdf: 4681342 bytes, checksum: d4cc7096fcb5b77eaadcf13d564a0748 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-04 / Na busca pela competitividade, muitas empresas acabam adotando estratégias muito semelhantes baseadas nas práticas mais usuais e difundidas em seus respectivos negócios. Além dos recursos financeiros em si, as empresas também investem tempo e esforços para atingir desempenhos semelhantes às mais competitivas, as quais julgam ser o “benchmarking”, ou seja, a referência em seus negócios. Entretanto, buscar somente se espelhar nas melhores práticas das empresas de referência não possibilita tornar-se líder no negócio, pois para tanto seriam necessários outros ingredientes, outras estratégias que façam a diferença. Quando direcionado o foco para o produto em si, no caso deste estudo em específico da indústria automobilística que é um segmento bastante competitivo no mundo, faz-se necessário estratégias muito mais sofisticadas ou muitas vezes ainda inexistentes. Mencionado por diversos líderes e executivos de grandes empresas multinacionais como uma metodologia eficaz, o Design for Six Sigma, ou simplesmente DFSS, possibilita aprofundamentos e desdobramentos muito importantes para o entendimento dos mercados, de seus clientes, das suas necessidades e anseios. Pela flexibilidade do uso da metodologia do DFSS, torna-se possível desenvolver propostas e soluções para um dos diferenciais mais importantes neste mercado competitivo, a inovação. Em função da subjetividade presente sob alguns aspectos do conceito deste diferencial, propôs-se adotar a lógica fuzzy para se trabalhar com as variáveis mais importantes de natureza linguística e, combinado à relação sinal ruído de Taguchi, mensurar de forma quantitativa o grau de inovação inerentes aos produtos. Com este modelamento, validado por meio da análise de diversos sistemas veiculares que evoluíram ao longo da história automobilística, torna-se possível comparar produtos correntes com novas ideias e propostas do ponto de vista da inovação, fornecendo assim subsídios úteis para o processo de tomada de decisão / To pursue the competitiveness, many companies end up adopting similar strategies based on the most common and disseminated practices in their respective business. Beyond the financial resources, the companies also invest time and efforts in order to achieve similar performances of the most competitive ones which they deem to be "benchmarking", i.e. the reference in your business. However, simply adopting the best practices of those reference companies will not allow become a leader in their businesses, since it would require other ingredients, other strategies that make the difference. When it focuses on the product itself, specifically in the case of this study about the automotive industry, which is a very competitive segment in the world, it is necessary much more sophisticated strategies or even non-existent yet. Mentioned by several leaders and executives of multinational companies as an efficient methodology, the Design for Six Sigma, or simply DFSS, enables to understand their markets, their customers, respective necessities and yearnings, in a deep way and their deployments as well. By the flexibility of using DFSS methodology, it becomes possible to develop proposals and solutions to one of the most important differentials in this competitive market, the innovation. Due to the subjectivity around some aspects of the concept of that differential, it is proposed to adopt the fuzzy logic, to work on the most important linguistic variables and, combined with the Taguchi’s signal to noise relation, quantitatively measure the degree of innovation inherent in the products. By this modeling, validated through the analysis of several vehicular systems that have evolved throughout the automobile history, it becomes possible to compare current products with new ideas and proposals from the point of view of innovation, thus providing useful inputs to the decision-making process

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a adequação e o alinhamento da metodologia de desenvolvimento de produtos de acordo com o tipo de projeto, comparando-se projetos baseados em Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) e Design Thinking (DT) em uma mesma empresa. Optou-se pela estratégia de pesquisa qualitativa, com o desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso, realizado no período de dezembro de 2015 a março de 2016, em uma empresa multinacional do setor financeiro, que utiliza ambas as metodologias. O estudo envolveu a análise de dados de oito projetos, sendo quatro DFSS e quatro DT. Para a interpretação e síntese dos resultados, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e o teste de mediana de Mood. Os resultados indicam que o tipo de projeto e o tipo de problema afetam a escolha da metodologia, sendo possível refletir sobre a utilização de abordagens soft mais voltadas para negócios, ao invés da aplicação de abordagens hard. Projetos DT estão mais alinhados aos conceitos de projetos soft e comumente são utilizados na solução de problemas abertos. Por outro lado, projetos DFSS estão mais alinhados aos conceitos de projetos hard e geralmente são utilizados na solução de problemas fechados. Verificou-se também que o questionário de pesquisa pode ser empregado como um framework de análise para a seleção correta da metodologia a ser utilizada. / The aim of this study is to analyze the appropriateness and the alignment of product development methodology according to the project type, comparing projects based on Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) and Design Thinking (DT) in the same company. A qualitative research strategy was applied, with the development of a case study, carried out from December 2015 to March 2016, in a multinational financial company, which applies both approaches. The study involved eight projects data analysis, four DFSS and four DT. To the interpretation and synthesis of the results, descriptive statistics and the Mood median test was applied. The results indicate that the project type and the problem type affect the choice of the methodology and it is possible to reflect on the use of soft approaches more focused on business instead of applying hard approaches. DT projects are more aligned with the concepts of soft projects and are commonly used in solving ill structured problems. On the other hand, DFSS projects are more aligned with the concepts of hard projects and are commonly used to solve well structured problems. It was also found that the survey questionnaire can be used as an analytical framework for the correct selection of the methodology to be applied.

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Recently, in the United States and worldwide, the excellence of soft skills competencies among entry-level employees has become a priority task of education. Construction employers are encountering a significant gap between the soft skills possessed by the entry level construction graduates and those needed by construction employers, thereby becoming a major challenge for both industry and academia. This research proposed a soft skills instructional curriculum that aims to increase cultivation of soft skills among construction students by exploring the soft skills needed in the construction industry and improving the soft skills educational tools in construction schools. Moreover, the research will answer broad questions such as: Which soft skills matter the most? What is the magnitude of the soft skills gap? And, how do students get help to cultivate soft skills? A stakeholders-driven exploratory embedded mixed-design research approach was adopted utilizing Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) framework. The DFSS framework is comprised of five phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Verify. Therefore, the research defined and organized the construction related soft skills into 12 clusters. The 12 clusters were used to benchmark the soft skills clusters performance among construction graduates using a survey instrument. Simultaneously, the research identified 40 instructional strategies and then defined the relationships between each soft skills cluster and the 40 instructional strategies using structured interviews with experts from academia. The survey data was used to measure the gap in each skill cluster using Gap Score Method and prioritize them into four sets: Critical Clusters, Ideal Clusters, Lowest Priority Clusters, and Least Clusters. Then, the research implemented four Quality Function Deployment matrices using the data acquired from the survey, structured interviews, and the analysis. The four matrices were used to develop a soft skills instructional curriculum comprised of four instructional models in which each soft skills clusters set was matched with the effective instructional strategies. Finally, the research added the values of Gap Score and the value of Sigma Level for each cluster to the proposed curriculum to be used as indicators to measure the future changes in the industry's soft skills need. The proposed curriculum was shared with four experts from academia and they verified the results. It is expected that the research results will pave the road for launching any future soft skills initiatives in construction education. They revealed significant evidence of the existence of soft skills gaps among construction graduates and proposed an effective soft skills instructional curriculum. It is expected that through utilizing this curriculum, the teaching activities of construction will improve and broaden the soft skills taught in the classrooms to correlate with those needed in the marketplace. Consequently, this will help bridge the gaps between construction graduates and their employers and ultimately facilitate the recruitment of construction graduates. / Ph. D.

Det finns olika tekniska lösningar för hantering, transport och återvinning av plastindustrins spillmaterial, men vilken metod som är mest lämpad för en specifik industri är svårt att avgöra. Syftet med studien var att få ökad kunskap och förståelse för hur faktorer som arbetsmiljöpåverkan, miljöpåverkan, funktion, flödeseffektivitet och investeringskostnad påverkar val av transportlösning för spillmaterial. Baserat på dessa faktorer är studiens mål att genom en förstudie presentera ett beslutsunderlag för en eventuell investering. För att finna den mest lämpade transportlösningen och förstå det grundläggande problemet med det nuvarande systemet genomfördes en nulägesanalys på fallföretaget. Informationen låg senare till grund när en undersökning av olika lösningsalternativ på marknaden gjordes. För att urskilja de mer relevanta alternativen för fallföretaget användes en kravspecifikation samt Kanomodellen. När de relevanta lösningarna valts ut jämfördes dessa mot varandra genom en QFD-matris för identifiering av den mest lämpliga transportlösningen. Resultatet av studien indikerade genom en QFD-matris att det manuella systemet var att föredra för fallföretaget.

The modern manufacturing world has been driven to compete in a more international and interconnected system. This has led to increased focus upon frameworks and architectures to guarantee quality, high market acceptance, and reduce cost. Modern manufacturing design processes evolved largely from Henry Ford at Ford Motor Company, and Alfred Sloan at General Motors. Their structures embody two different focuses on quality and value engineering which have influenced many recent design frameworks. In the 1970s a heavy emphasis was placed upon Design for Manufacturing, which uses group technology, commonality of processes, and continual focus to reduce part count. Some companies have desired a design process that better accounts for new market needs and Voice of the Customer changes, allowing them to break out of the old processes by using a new framework called Design for Six Sigma. Contextual and survey analysis contrasting DFSS and DFM showed these systems have different definitions of what creates value; which causes a different focus on how to improve value. As the market frequently errs at knowing when to apply DFM or DFSS, using a simple case study of a product with high part and assembly cost, teams were challenged to create a better flashlight using both DFM for part reduction, and DFSS for function improvement. The aim was to increase value. Value has been defined by the formula: value = (performance + capability) / cost or as value = function/cost. Results from the case study combining DFM and DFSS constructs demonstrate a total value engineering construct. It was also shown that DFM indicated effectiveness for a slow-changing market with cost reduction focus, and DFSS demonstrated effectiveness for analyzing continually changing market needs. Disruptive innovations can replace a formerly lull market, for which DFM can be completely unprepared; while DFSS is not effective in slow product-change markets. Incorporating the best of DFSS and DFM creates a Total Value Engineering framework.

The oar has historically played a significant role for Sweden as a lake andcostal dominated country. For many years small boats called “snipa” wereused to gather fish by people living along the coastlines or alongside lakes.Oars was then the only option for conveying the boat forward. In today’ssociety, oar-propelled boats don’t have the same importance for people toacquire food. However, there are still reasons for a continued use of oars inactivities such as private fishing, competitive rowing or outdoor pursuits.The consumer market today is largely focused on mass production ofproducts, which often results in a reduced availability of custom-made ones.Being able to “engineer to order” is sometimes preferable due to the fact thathigh-quality and robust designs are, in certain respects, essential.Linnaeus University is conducting a research project that has vitalized atraditional Sami hunting and fishing gig boat, designed to be conveyed byoars and requires specially adapted oars for two different types of waterconditions. Currently, private consumers have limited options, for productsthat is designed for this, on the market.The purpose of this work is to describe how the established and well-knownmethodology of Systems Engineering, more specific “Design For SixSigma” (DMADOV), can be used to design and construct oars for use in twodifferent water conditions.