Abstract Fertilizer industry often generates phosphorous rich wastewaters containing heavy metals. While phosphorous is a valuable compound for the industry, heavy metals hinder the recovery of phosphorous due to their detrimental effects on human health and the environment. Consequently, heavy metals must be removed from the wastewaters. In this study the use of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) was evaluated for the removal of cadmium, copper, zinc and nickel from phosphorous rich wastewaters. This study has been conducted following a systematic methodology from single metal synthetic wastewaters to more complex synthetic and real wastewaters. The experimental work was conducted in a laboratory scale stirred cell using 3, 5 and 10 kDa regenerated cellulose membranes and in a cross flow semi-pilot scale equipment using a 10 kDa spiral wound polyethersulphone membrane. Statistical design of experiments was used as the research methodology to evaluate the effect of factors on the MEUF process performance as well as for finding optimal conditions. The factors studied were heavy metal, phosphorous and surfactant feed concentrations, pH, membrane nominal molecular weight limits, transmembrane pressure and cross flow velocity. The membrane performance was characterized by the heavy metal retention/rejection coefficients and the permeate flux. The experimental results showed that the removal of heavy metals from single synthetic wastewaters by MEUF is more efficient for more diluted systems. In complex systems containing phosphorous, simultaneous removal of heavy metals was successfully achieved obtaining rejection coefficients up to 80%. Phosphorous was not retained by the membrane showing the potential applicability of MEUF to purify phosphorous rich wastewaters. The study of metal complex formation and heavy metal competition has been shown to be very important in order to predict the MEUF results. Concentration polarization phenomenon was insignificant in the synthetic wastewaters but it was more severe when applying MEUF to real wastewaters. In addition, with real wastewaters SDS leakage was insignificant. This study has provided new and valuable knowledge regarding the applicability of MEUF to industrial wastewater treatment. / Tiivistelmä Lannoiteteollisuus tuottaa usein jätevesiä, jotka sisältävät huomattavia määriä fosforia, sekä pieniä määriä raskasmetalleja. Vaikka fosfori on tärkeä raaka-aine lannoiteteollisuudelle, jätevesissä olevat raskasmetallit kuitenkin estävät sen hyötykäyttöä fosforin lähteenä. Raskasmetallit ovat haitallisia sekä luonnolle että ihmisten terveydelle, joten niiden erottaminen jätevesistä on tärkeää. Tässä työssä tutkittiin miselliavusteisen ultrasuodatuksen (MEUF) käyttöä kadmiumin, kuparin, sinkin ja nikkelin poistamiseen fosforipitoisista jätevesistä. Väitöskirjatyössä tutkittiin systemaattisesti synteettisiä jätevesiä, jotka sisälsivät joko yhtä tai useita raskasmetalleja, sekä lannoitetehtaalta kerättyjä jätevesiä. Kokeet tehtiin laboratoriomittakaavan sekoituskennolla, jossa käytettiin 3, 5 ja 10 kDa:n regeneroituja selluloosakalvoja, sekä semi-pilot -mittakaavan spiraalielementillä, jonka materiaalina oli 10 kDa:n polyeetterisulfonikalvo. Väitöskirjatyössä hyödynnettiin tilastollista koesuunnittelua, jonka avulla arvioitiin muuttujien vaikutuksia MEUF-prosessin käyttäytymiseen. Koesuunnittelua hyödynnettiin myös optimiolosuhteiden määrittelemisessä. Koesuunnitelmien muuttujina olivat raskasmetallien, fosforin ja pinta-aktiivisen aineen pitoisuudet, pH, suodatuskalvojen katkaisukoot, paine sekä ristikkäisvirtauksen nopeus. Kalvon käyttäytymistä arvioitiin raskasmetallien erotustehokkuuden ja permeaattivuon avulla. Koetulokset osoittivat raskasmetallien erotuksen olevan tehokkainta synteettisistä, yhtä metallia sisältävistä jätevesistä, joiden raskasmetallipitoisuus oli pieni. Fosforia sisältävistä monimetalliliuoksista saavutettiin 80 %:inen raskametallien poistotehokkuus. Kalvoerotuksessa fosforipitoisuus ei muuttunut merkittävästi, mikä osoittaa MEUF:n olevan potentiaalinen menetelmä raskasmetallien poistamiseen fosforipitoisista jätevesistä. Metallikompleksien muodostumisen ja raskasmetallien välisen kilpailun ymmärtäminen osoittautuivat erittäin tärkeiksi MEUF-tuloksien ennustamisessa. Konsentraatiopolarisaatioilmiö ei ollut merkittävä käsiteltäessä synteettisiä jätevesiä, mutta teollisten jätevesien käsittelyssä ilmiöllä oli huomattava vaikutus permeaattivuohon. Kuitenkin teollisen jätevesien käsittelyssä SDS:n vuotaminen kalvon läpi oli merkityksetöntä. Tämä tutkimus on antanut uutta ja merkittävää tietoa MEUF:n soveltuvuudesta teollisten jätevesien käsittelyn.

Le but de ce travail est de proposer une démarche structurée pour l'étude des liaisons lubrifiées bielle/vilebrequin. Bien que cette source de déperdition énergétique ne soit pas primordiale, il n'en est pas moins vrai que la maîtriser est un enjeu pour les motoristes. Les normes anti-pollution imposées aux constructeurs automobiles étant de plus en plus strictes, un effort doit être réalisé sur l’ensemble des composants afin de réduire de façon significative les pertes d’énergie dans les moteurs. La tendanceactuelle est à la diminution de la viscosité du lubrifiant, toutefois ce n'est pas sans conséquence sur l'intégrité des liaisons.La démarche proposée, qui s'appuie sur un logiciel TEHD consiste à utiliser la méthode des plans d’expériences afin de créer des métamodèles de la puissance dissipée et de la sévérité du cas traité. Une optimisation multi-objectifs (déperdition et sévérité) par algorithme évolutionnaire et utilisant les métamodèles est ensuite menée afin de déterminer les combinaisons de facteurs offrant les meilleurs compromis par rapport à ces deux objectifs. La méthodologie proposée s'avère pertinente puisque des modèles analytiques simples se substituent très avantageusement aux lourds calculs TEHD.Afin de valider le logiciel TEHD sur l'évaluation des puissances dissipées, une comparaison numérique/expérimentale est conduite sur un banc d’essais permettant de reproduire les conditions réelles de fonctionnement des bielles dans les moteurs. / The aim of this work is to propose a structured approach of the study of the lubricated connection between the conrod and the crankshaft. Although this source of energy loss is not the most significant one, improving this contact remains a challenging task for engine manufacturers. The anti-pollution standards imposed on automakers are increasingly stringent, an effort must be made on all components in order to significantly reduce energy loss in the engines. The current trend is to decrease the viscosity of thelubricant, however, it is not without consequences for the connections health. The proposed approach, which relies on a TEHD software is to use the design of experiments method to create surrogates of both power loss and severity for the treated case. A multi-objective optimization (power loss and severity) by evolutionary algorithm and using the surrogates, is then performed to determine the right combination of factors that provides the best compromise with respect to these two objectives. The proposed methodology is relevant because simple analytical models replace very favorably time consuming TEHD calculations.To validate the evaluation of power loss calculated with the TEHD software, a numerical/experimental comparison is performed on a test bench which reproduces the real operating conditions of the connecting rods.

La démarche expérimentale menée dans cette thèse a eu comme objectif l'étude de la faisabilité de la séparation électrostatique d'une large gamme de mélanges de matériaux pulvérulents provenant du recyclage des déchets (Al, Cu, ABS, polycarbonate, polystyrène) ou de l'industrie agro-alimentaire (paille, copeaux de bois, semoule). Les recherches se sont focalisées sur des techniques faisant appel à trois mécanismes physiques différents pour la charge des matériaux : la décharge couronne, l'induction électrostatique et l'effet tribo-électrique. Deux nouvelles installations ont été conçues et réalisées, permettent de faciliter la compréhension des phénomènes physiques rencontrés lors de la séparation des particules sous-millimétriques, dont les trajectoires sont difficile à contrôler, en raison des importantes forces aérodynamiques en jeu. La première installation, le séparateur électrostatique multifonctions à électrode-convoyeur, donne la possibilité d'étudier un ou plusieurs des trois mécanismes de charge, en rapport avec les propriétés électriques des matériaux à traiter. La deuxième installation, le séparateur tribo-aéro-électrostatique à électrodes-disques-tournantes, utilise seulement l'effet tribo-électrique pour la charge des matériaux isolants dans un lit fluidisé. Le système de mesures simultanées et continues de la masse et de la charge électrique des produits collectés a facilité l'analyse des phénomènes. Les recherches ont permis de confirmer la séparabilité électrostatique des mélanges de matériaux pulvérulents, en faisant appel à la méthodologie des plans d'expériences pour identifier les facteurs influents et trouver le point de fonctionnement optimal. / The experimental approach undertaken in this thesis was aimed at the study of the feasibility of the electrostatic separation of a wide range mixtures of powdery materials originating from the recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment (Al, Cu, ABS, polycarbonate, polystyrene), or processed in the food industry (straw, wood chips, meal). Researches were focused on techniques using three different physical mechanisms for electrical charging of the materials: corona discharge, electrostatic induction and triboelectric effect. Two new installations have been designed end engineered to facilitate the understanding of the physical phenomena involved in the separation of powdery particles, the trajectories of which are difficult to control, as strongly affected by the aerodynamic forces. The first installation, the belt-type multifunction electrostatic separator, offers the possibility to study one or several of the three charging mechanisms, in relation with the electrical properties of the materials to be processed. The second installation, two-rotating-disks-type tribo-aero-electrostatic separator uses only the triboelectric effect for charging mixtures of insulating materials in a fluidized bed. A system of simultaneous and continuous measurement of mass and electric charge of collected products facilitated the investigation of the physical phenomena. These researches confirm the feasibility of the electrostatic separation of powdery materials, by taking advantage of the design of experiments methodology to identify the influential factors and find the optimum operation conditions.

Les nucléotides, terme regroupant les nucléosides monophosphate, diphosphate et triphosphate, sont impliqués dans de nombreux processus cellulaires. Ils représentent les éléments constitutifs des acides nucléiques, fournissent de l'énergie à des réactions métaboliques, jouent le rôle de transporteurs et seconds messagers. L'exploration des pools nucléotidiques apparaît indispensable afin de connaître leur rôle précis dans des situations physiologiques ou pathologiques. Nous avons développé une méthode de dosage des nucléotides endogènes (formes mono-, di- et triphosphate) par extraction en ligne sur colonne WAX couplée à la LC-MS/MS. La séparation analytique est réalisée sur colonne Hypercarb, sans agent de paire d'ions dans la phase mobile. Grâce à l'utilisation d'un triple quadripôle et une ionisation en mode positif, les nucléotides endogènes sont identifiés sans équivoque, y compris ceux possédant la même masse molaire. L'extraction et la séparation des nucléotides sont réalisées en 20 min. L'ensemble de la méthode, en comptant la ré- équilibration des colonnes, dure 37 min. La méthode de dosage a été validée pour les formes mono- et triphosphate et est applicable à des séries d'une vingtaine d'échantillons biologiques. D'autre part, dans une étude pré-analytique basée sur les plans d'expériences, nous avons comparé les conditions de préparation d'échantillons en vue du dosage de nucléotides intracellulaires dans 4 lignées cellulaires : 2 adhérentes (Messa et NCI-H292) et 2 en suspension (RL et L1210). Nous avons montré que les conditions pré-analytiques optimales dépendent de la lignée cellulaire soulignant ainsi l'importance de cette phase dans l'analyse des nucléotides. Enfin, l'expérience et les connaissances acquises lors du développement de la méthode de dosage des nucléotides ainsi que la large palette de molécules analysables avec cette méthode (nucléosides, nucléotides sucrés, autres métabolites), nous ont permis de développer des collaborations dans le domaine de la cancérologie avec différentes équipes de recherche. Par exemple, nous avons étudié l'implication des pools nucléotidiques dans le stress réplicatif induit par le stress oxydant et dans la reprogrammation cellulaire observée dans les cellules cancéreuses. Ainsi, les informations apportées par notre approche analytique, complémentaires des autres approches utilisées, ont montré l'implication des pools nucléotidiques dans la tumorigénèse. En conclusion, ce travail a permis de développer une technique analytique et de mettre en place une méthode de travail pour le dosage des nucléotides endogènes dans différents milieux biologiques / Nucleotides, term including nucleoside mono-, di- and triphosphates, are endogenous compounds playing various roles in biology. They are components of nucleic acids, provide energy to metabolic reactions and act as carriers or second messenger. The study of endogenous nucleotides has become of great interest in physiological and pathological conditions. We developed a method for the quantification of endogenous nucleotides, using an on-line extraction on a WAX column coupled with LC-MS/MS. Analytical separation is performed on a Hypercarb column, without ion pairing agent in the mobile phase. The use of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer following positive mode ionization allows the unambiguous identification of nucleotides presenting the same mass. Extraction and separation of nucleotides are achieved within 20 min and the method including re-equilibration of the two columns within 37 min. The method was validated for the quantification of nucleoside mono- and triphosphates, and could be applied to series of more than twenty biological samples. Secondly, in a study based on design of experiments, pre-analytical parameters influencing results of intracellular nucleotides were compared in four cell lines. We demonstrated that optimal pre-analytical parameters depend on cell lines. This clearly highlights the importance of pre- analytical conditions for the quantification of intracellular nucleotides to be as representative as possible of the real levels in cells. Then, thanks to experience acquired during the development and the validation of the analytical method, scientific collaborations have been established with several cancer research teams. For example, implication of nucleotide metabolism in replicative stress induced by oxidative stress or in the metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells was studied. Results obtained by our analytical approach were complementary to those obtained by other techniques. To conclude, our work consisted on the study of the entire workflow for the analysis of endogenous nucleotides in various biological samples

Ces travaux présentent une recherche sur la physique du soudage hybride. La revue littéraire décrit les principaux processus physiques se produisant au cours de la combinaison Laser-arc, les principales réalisations et les problèmes rencontrés lors de l'analyse de ces processus. Les processus ont été étudiés pendant l'assemblage de matériaux de fortes épaisseurs. Deux configurations ont été utilisées. La première est le soudage d’un acier Superduplex en un seul passage, par Laser et arc distanciés. La seconde configuration est le soudage multipasse de l'acier 18MND5, où le faisceau Laser défocalisé intercepte le plasma d'arc électrique. Avec l'aide de la planification d'expérience, l'imagerie vidéo rapide, l'enregistrement des signaux électriques, la détermination de la température et des distorsions de l’assemblage ont permis d’expliquer le rôle de chaque source thermique et l'influence de leur combinaison sur la création du bain fondu, l'identification du mode de transfert métallique et la répartition de la chaleur dans la plaque soudée. Les relations entre les signaux électriques et la géométrie de l'arc, les dimensions du bain et la distribution de chaleur sont analysées à différentes échelles de temps. L'analyse thermique présentée montre que l'hypothèse de stationnarité, qui est largement utilisé par les simulateurs, est vraie seulement sur une courte période et pour une longueur donnée de soudure. L’analyse macrographique montre, quant à elle, l'effet de la variation des paramètres d'entrée sur la structure et la géométrie de la soudure. / An investigation on hybrid welding physics is presented in the current work. A literature review describes main physical processes occurring during Laser-arc combination and shows main achievements and problematics met during process analysis. Physical processes were studied during joining of very thick materials. Two configurations were used. The first configuration is welding of Superduplex steel in one pass by Laser and arc that are far apart. The second configuration is multipass welding of 18MND5 steel, where defocused Laser beam intercepts arc plasma. With a help of experiment’s design, fast video imaging, electric signals recording, determination of temperature and workpiece distortion, were explained the role of each thermal source and influence of their combination on arc behaviour, molten pool creation, metallic drop transfer evaluation and heat distribution into welded plates. The relationships between electric signals and arc geometry, bath dimensions and heat distribution have been analyzed at various time scales. Thermal analysis, presented in this work, shows that hypothesis of stationarity, which is commonly used in numerical modelling, is true only during a short welding period and for a given weld length. Macrographic analysis shows effect of input parameters variation on weld’s structure and geometry.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Millions of tonnes of fly ash are generated worldwide every year to satisfy the large demand for energy. Management of this fly ash has been a concern and various approaches for its beneficial use have been investigated. Over the last two decades, there has been intensive research internationally that has focused on the use of different sources of fly ash for zeolite synthesis.However, most of the studies have concentrated on class C fly ash and very few have reported the use of South African class F fly ash as feedstock for zeolite synthesis.Class F fly ash from South Africa has been confirmed to be a good substrate for zeolite synthesis due to its compositional dominance of aluminosilicate and silicate phases. However, because differences in quartz-mullite/glass proportions of fly ash from different sources produces impure phases or different zeolite mineral phases under the same activation conditions, the present study focused on optimization of synthesis conditions to obtain pure phase zeolite Na-P1 from class F South African coal fly ash. Synthesis variables evaluated in this study were; hydrothermal treatment time (12 - 48 hours), temperature (100 – 160 oC) and addition of varying molar quantities of water during the hydrothermal treatment step (H2O:SiO2 molar ratio ranged between 0 - 0.49).Once the most suitable conditions for the synthesis of pure phase zeolite Na-P1 from fly ash were identified, a statistical approach was adopted to refine the experiments, that was designed to evaluate the interactive effects of some of the most important synthesis variables. In this case, the four synthesis variables; NaOH concentration (NaOH: SiO2 molar ratio ranged between 0.35– 0.71), ageing temperature (35 oC – 55 oC), hydrothermal treatment time (36 - 60 hours) and temperature (130 oC – 150 oC) were studied. The response was determined by evaluating the improvement in the cation exchange capacity of the product zeolite.The starting materials (fly ashes from Arnot, Hendrina and Duvha power stations) and the synthesized zeolite product were characterized chemically, mineralogically and morphologically by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Other characterization technique used in the study were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to provide structural information and also monitor evolution of crystallinity during synthesis, as well as cation exchange capacity to determine the amount of exchangeable positively charged ions. Nitrogen adsorption was used to determine the surface area and porosity, and inductively coupled mass spectrometry for multi-elemental analysis of the post-synthesis supernatants.The results from the X-ray diffraction spectroscopy showed that the most pure zeolite Na-P1 phase was achieved when the molar regime was 1 SiO2 : 0.36 Al2O3 : 0.59 NaOH : 0.49 H2O and at synthesis conditions such that ageing was done at 47 oC for 48 hours while the hydrothermal treatment time and temperature was held at 48 hours and 140 oC, respectively. Results from statistically designed experiments show that there was a distinct variation of phase purity with synthesis conditions. From the analysis of linear and non linear interactions, it was found that the main effects were ageing temperature and hydrothermal treatment time and temperature, which also showed some interactions. This experimental approach enabled a clearer understanding of the relationship between the synthesis conditions and the purity of the zeolite Na-P1 obtained.The quality of zeolites is a major determinant in the efficiency of toxic element removal from waste water. Preliminary experiments conducted using optimised zeolite Na-P1 obtained in this study with a cation exchange capacity of 4.11 meq/g showed a high percentage removal of Pb,Cd, Ni, Mn, V, As, B, Fe, Se, Mo Sr, Ba and Zn from process brine obtained from Emalahleni water reclamation plant.In summary, a pure phase of zeolite Na-P1 was obtained from South African class F fly ash feedstock at relatively mild temperature. The systematic approach, incorporating statistical design of experiments, developed in this study resulted in a better understanding regarding the relationships of synthesis parameters in the formation of zeolites from fly ash. The zeolite Na-P1 synthesized with a high cation exchange capacity was effective for removal of toxic elements from brine.

Mangos (Mangifera indica L.) are tropical/subtropical fruits belonging to the plant family Anacardiaceae. Anthracnose is the most deleterious disease of mango both in the field and during postharvest handling. It is most commonly caused by the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex. Mangiferin, a xanthanoid compound found in at least twelve plant families worldwide (Luo et al., 2012), is present in large amounts of the leaves and edible mangos. Even though this compound plays a pivotal role in the plant’s defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, no correlations been made between the compound and mango anthracnose resistance. Mangos were collected, grouped according to their countries of origin, and evaluated for their mangiferin concentrations at four different stages of development. Extracts of interest were then tested against different strains of C. gloeosporioides. The results demonstrated that mangiferin concentrations are significantly different at different stages in fruit development. The antifungal assays were inconclusive.

Les modèles physico-chimiques destinés à représenter la réalité expérimentale peuvent se révéler inadéquats. C'est le cas du piège à oxyde d'azote, utilisé comme support applicatif de notre thèse, qui est un système catalytique traitant les émissions polluantes du moteur Diesel. Les sorties sont des courbes de concentrations des polluants, qui sont des données fonctionnelles, dépendant de concentrations initiales scalaires.L'objectif initial de cette thèse est de proposer des plans d'expériences ayant un sens pour l'utilisateur. Cependant les plans d'expérience s'appuyant sur des modèles, l'essentiel du travail a conduit à proposer une représentation statistique tenant compte des connaissances des experts, et qui permette de construire ce plan.Trois axes de recherches ont été explorés. Nous avons d'abord considéré une modélisation non fonctionnelle avec le recours à la théorie du krigeage. Puis, nous avons pris en compte la dimension fonctionnelle des réponses, avec l'application et l'extension des modèles à coefficients variables. Enfin en repartant du modèle initial, nous avons fait dépendre les paramètres cinétiques des entrées (scalaires) à l'aide d'une représentation non paramétrique.Afin de comparer les méthodes, il a été nécessaire de mener une campagne expérimentale, et nous proposons une démarche de plan exploratoire, basée sur l’entropie maximale. / Physico-chemical models designed to represent experimental reality may prove to be inadequate. This is the case of nitrogen oxide trap, used as an application support of our thesis, which is a catalyst system treating the emissions of the diesel engine. The outputs are the curves of concentrations of pollutants, which are functional data, depending on scalar initial concentrations.The initial objective of this thesis is to propose experiental design that are meaningful to the user. However, the experimental design relying on models, most of the work has led us to propose a statistical representation taking into account the expert knowledge, and allows to build this plan.Three lines of research were explored. We first considered a non-functional modeling with the use of kriging theory. Then, we took into account the functional dimension of the responses, with the application and extension of varying coefficent models. Finally, starting again from the original model, we developped a model depending on the kinetic parameters of the inputs (scalar) using a nonparametric representation.To compare the methods, it was necessary to conduct an experimental campaign, and we propose an exploratory design approach, based on maximum entropy.

Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) é uma bactéria patogênica causadora de pneumonia e meningite. Sua cápsula polissacarídica (PRP) é considerada como principal fator de virulência e utilizada como antígeno vacinal. Hib é fastidioso e requer micronutrientes para seu desenvolvimento. A finalidade deste trabalho é estabelecer o meio quimicamente definido para desenvolvimento de Hib e produção de PRP. Inicialmente, definiu-se um meio a partir de dados da literatura. Este meio foi estudado através do delineamento de Plackett-Burman de 44 ensaios, obtendo-se valores máximos de DO540nm de 5,0 UA, e 227,7 mg/L de PRP. A análise estatística revelou que EDTA, NH4Cl, Cys e PVA podem ser removidos do meio sem impactar os parâmetros estudados e que Glm, Hipoxantina, Inosina, Tiamina, Hemina e Tween 80 apresentam efeito significativo positivo para produção de PRP. Analisando os meios estudados, foi possível verificar que a composição do E44 possibilitou produzir o PRP a US$ 16,50/g, sendo considerado o meio quimicamente definido estabelecido neste trabalho. / Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes pneumonia and meningitis. Its capsular polysaccharide (PRP) is considered as a major virulence factor and used as vaccine antigen. Hib is fastidious and requires micronutrients for its development. The purpose of this study is to establish the chemically defined medium for Hib development and PRP production. Initially, a medium was defined based in the literature. This medium was studied by the Plackett-Burman design of 44 trials, achieving maximum values of DO540nm of 5.0 AU and 227.7 mg / L of PRP. Statistical analysis revealed that EDTA, NH4Cl, Cys and PVA can be removed from the medium without impacting the parameters studied and Glm, Hypoxanthine, Inosine, Thiamine, Tween 80 and Hemin exhibit significant positive effect on the PRP production. Analyzing the studied media, it was possible to verify that the composition of E44 enabled to produce PRP to $ 16.50/g, being considered the chemically defined medium established in this work.

Now a days. additive Manufacturing is becoming a major part of the manufacturing industries all around the world. Even, it is still a developing field.Its main advantage is its ability to print different types of shapes, in different sizesand good quality. The additive manufacturing technologies is capable of bring down the costs of the manufacturing when compared to other traditional methodsof manufacturing. This technology gives the flexibility to making complex shapesaccording to the clients and customers requirements also this technology canreduce time and human effort/involvement needed in the manufacturing industries. Now 3D printing has more influence in Swedish market more than ever and thisthesis is a part of a project of DiSAM – Digitalization of supply chain in Swedish Additive Manufacturing to implement 3D Printing into Swedish market. This thesis describe how advance materials and new manufacturingtechnologies can play a very important role in building the future and from thisstudy we are trying to find out whether the additive manufacturing technology can replace the traditional manufacturing process like injection molding. The main aim of the thesis is to design and fabricate a simple mould geometry for producing Silicone Rubber products using additive manufacturing and to assess the quality ofthe obtained product in terms of surface topography. Our project partner UnimerPlast & Gummi AB who is a major producer of plastics and rubber products is facing a problem in the production of silicone rubber products. They want to produce a mould for producing silicone rubber products using additivemanufacturing. In this thesis we had made the study in two parts, a design part and ananalysis part. In the design part we sorted out one material which is suitable for our application that is to produce a mould for making silicone products while in analysis part we made a study about the surface topology and its quality to see whether 3D printed moulds could produce silicone rubber products with same or better surface quality than the one which are produced using conventional injection moulding process. As a result of our study we came to know that high temperature resin can be used for making moulds to produce silicone products and only factor affecting the quality of the surface of mould or silicone product is built orientation and other factors like layer thickness, curing temperature and time does not have any impact on the surface quality.