Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / After the 1929 crisis, with the rising of Keynesian perspective, it’s found a speech in which the State presents itself as one of the main public development policy makers, in Brazil an offshoot of this perspective is materialised with the creation of SUDENE. This one has always presented itself, especially in its rhetoric - as a State institution in charge of coordinating development. The present master’s thesis aimed to analyse the trajectory of SUDENE and its (re)inventions and speeches, in the conduct of the Northeast regional development project. This thesis investigates how the discourses and development projects institutionalised and undertaken by SUDENE differentiate and/or are established to consolidate the capitalist road. Our research was carried out from two timelines, the first one of 1959-1964, which represents the main years of the organisation's operation, in which the developmental proposals, driven in Latin America by CEPAL, in SUDENE are expressed with greater vigor. The second timeline embraces the years of 2007-2013, which characterises the first years of SUDENE’s consolidation and performance after its refounding, in this period the "neo-developmentism" discourse is presented as economic policy and translates a new configuration in the capital reproduction where the consummation of SUDENE meets the neoliberal capitalism demands. The analysis of SUDENE at different stages of capitalism and its imbrications on the development state policy shows that the State uses ideological discourses to enable the capital mobility and accumulation in the ensuring of an unequal and combined development in different geographical scales. / Após a crise de 1929, com o fortalecimento das perspectivas keynesianas, se verifica um discurso onde o Estado se apresenta como um dos principais formuladores de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento, no Brasil um desdobramento desta perspectiva se materializa com a criação da SUDENE. Esta sempre se apresentou, principalmente na sua retórica - como uma instituição do Estado com a responsabilidade de coordenar o desenvolvimento. A presente Dissertação de Mestrado teve como objetivo analisar a trajetória da SUDENE e suas (re)invenções e discursos, na condução do projeto de desenvolvimento regional do Nordeste. Essa dissertação investiga como os projetos de desenvolvimento institucionalizados e assumidos pela SUDENE se diferenciam e/ou se estabelecem para a consolidação da via capitalista. Nossa pesquisa foi realizada a partir de dois recortes, o primeiro de 1959-1964, que representa os principais anos de funcionamento da organização, no qual as propostas desenvolvimentistas, impulsionadas na America Latina pela CEPAL, dentro da SUDENE se expressam com maior vigor. O segundo recorte abrange os anos de 2007-2013, que caracteriza os primeiros anos de consolidação e atuação da SUDENE após a sua refundação, neste período o discurso do “Neodesenvolvimentismo”, é apresentado como política econômica e traduz uma nova configuração na reprodução do capital onde a consumação da SUDENE atende as demandas do capitalismo neoliberal. A análise da SUDENE em distintas fases do capitalismo e suas imbricações na política estatal de desenvolvimento permite concluir que o Estado utiliza discursos ideológicos para viabilizar a mobilidade e a acumulação do capital na garantia do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado em diferenciadas escalas geográficas

The thesis deals with the topic of economic growth of the poor, least developed countries. For this group of countries, which includes most of sub-Saharan Africa, is characteristic that for the last half-century this group has shown no significant economic growth per capita. This fact is surprising at first glance if compared with other economic development groups of the developing world. Economic differences between the least developed countries on the one hand, and emerging and developing countries on the other hand, are increasing despite efforts by international development agencies. I intend to answer the question, what are the causes of poor economic performance of the least developed countries.

This thesis examines the evolution of normative intentions of climate change financing in the World Bank Group (WBG) between the years 2000–2021. The study contributes to critical constructivist International Relations theory by expanding on previous research on norm fit by examining the evolutionary process of economic normative fit. The purpose is to make visible, and provide an empirical example, of how hegemonic structures interact with suggested norms and set the conditions for possible action. The thesis asks the questions 1) How have normative intentions regarding climate finance been framed over time in World Bank Group documents in 2000–2021? And 2), How can this development be understood through an application of “norm fit” with the hegemonic economic structure? The thesis has a deductive qualitative approach and applies qualitative content analysis and framing analysis to examine official documents from the WBG consisting of biannual meeting communiqués, climate change action plans, and annual reports. The study finds that economic framings of climate change has varied in four key time periods and that ideas of climate action has gone from being seen as a peripheral issue outside the WBG mandate, to something costly and risky, to a potential opportunity and being framed as a business model of smart economics. Further, the thesis concludes that the case supports the idea of economic normative fit and illustrates, based on the findings of research question 1, how the climate change financing norm goes through a translation process of bad to good economic normative fit in which normative intentions adapt with time to a logic coherent with dominant neoliberal norms and can thus be accepted. With the most convincing result being the identified translation process of normative intentions of adaptation and resilience.

This thesis deals with regional development policy in Corsica region in the periods 2000-2006 and 2007-2013. During the first period region remained temporarily in objective 1 - Promoting the development and structural adjustment of regions whose development is lagging behind. This period should facilitate the preparation for the transition into the developed European regions. The aim is to answer the question whether the region succeeded in coping with the new requirements of regional policy in 2007-2013 and if any shift towards an economy based on competitiveness and employment occurred there in contrast with the previous period. Based on the theory of new regionalism and learning regions this work defines three criteria which are used to compare of regional policy region in the given time frame. These are the institutional embeddedness with regard to who is involved in the negotiation of regional policy strategy, the environment in terms of economic configuration of the region and the density of institutions focusing on cooperation between fields of education, research and the private sector. The analysis shows that there has been an economic growth in the region. On the other side the regional policy could not fully focus on competitiveness and employment, as it has to deal with structural...

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Poverty is quintessentially an issue of inequality or lack of social justice within and between nation states. And yet mainstream development theory and institutions of global governance continue to couch reducing poverty as a policy objective, rather than focus on underlying issues of inequality. This book confronts the failings of neo-liberalism and the global governance institutions that promote it. Social Justice and Development makes a significant contribution to current debates around development theory and policy. It explores why articulating social justice in development provides the potential for a fresh approach to global poverty, and one that would overcome the current theoretical 'impasse'. It is essentially an optimistic text that suggests how the principles of global social justice could be used to shift the development paradigm from a consensus that hinges on Washington to one that is global.

政府機關、人民團體或個人處理業務或活動過程中所產生的記錄，稱之為檔案。檔案具有永久保存價值，是社會文化遺產的一部份。檔案對於研究歷史尤其重要，因此典藏各種主題檔案之歷史檔案館或典藏單位，必須制定館藏發展政策以區分館藏，建立各館之館藏特色。 基於上述，本研究之主要目的即為針對我國歷史檔案館館藏發展政策之擬定情形，以及歷史檔案館館藏發展政策所應涵蓋之內容作一探討；並進而從檔案人員之角度了解歷史檔案館制定館藏發展政策之現況與需求。 研究結果發現，目前國內歷史檔案館大多具備館藏發展之方向，其中已具備館內之工作手冊或規範書的檔案單位，包括：國史館、中研院近史所檔案館、宜蘭縣史館與吳三連台灣史料基金會，皆可提供歷史檔案館或民間史料典藏機構制定館藏發展政策之參考。 在研究結論中，研究者歸納出歷史檔案館制定館藏發展政策之必要性、歷史檔案館實施館藏發展政策之可行性，以及檔案專業人員制定與執行館藏發展政策之必要性等觀點。此外，在研究建議中，研究者並以國外歷史檔案館之館藏發展政策為藍本，及參酌國內歷史檔案館管理方式，研擬一份歷史檔案館館藏發展政策，以提供國內歷史檔案館相關單位未來制定館藏發展政策之參考。

Employing empirical findings from Tharaka Nithi and Siaya counties, this thesis analyses the dynamics of citizen participation in development policy and planning process in Kenya and its effects on poverty reduction efforts in the rural parts of the country. The study is based on the premise that public participation enhances the quality and relevance of development processes and their outcomes and is, therefore, an important ingredient for achieving sustainable poverty reduction outcomes. It utilizes the political economy model and draws from the concepts of “power” and “interests” in understanding the poverty reduction „enterprise‟ in the two rural communities in Kenya. The study finds that the elites, bureaucrats, and institutions have dominated Kenya‟s post-colonial development policy and planning space to the exclusion and disadvantage of ordinary citizens. The capture of public decision-making spaces, processes and development outcomes by elites is widespread and has affected the extent and quality of citizen participation in decision-making and poverty reduction in rural Kenya. Although ordinary citizens generally view themselves as the front line duty bearers in the fight against poverty, they hardly fulfilled their perceived role in poverty reduction. Faced with a web of dominating forces and constraints, ordinary citizens have become passive and peripheral actors in the poverty reduction „enterprise‟ and local level development generally. As currently profiled, approached and directed, poverty reduction is an elitist project with its goals couched in populist terms, essentially in the service of powerful and influential people and institutions within the Kenyan society. This explains why, despite poverty reduction being a policy objective throughout the post-independence period, alarmingly high levels of poverty have persisted in Kenya, especially in the rural areas. The study concludes that the success of rural poverty reduction in Kenya is chiefly dependent on sufficient citizen participation in decision-making, quality of development planning, good leadership and the capacity and will of institutions at the grassroots to pursue sustainable development endeavors.

The patent system has developed over a period of over 500 years. The initial motivation was a desire to import privately held technology to advance economic development, offering excluding and transferrable rights through licensing to “inventors” for the disclosure and perfection of their “contrivance” (invention). These rights have gradually developed to internationally accepted private property rights on technology and are today in many wayssimilar to physical assets, establishing, since 1883, the basis for an international system for trade in technology in its own rights. The thesis is a dual study of contract and mechanism design for experimental trading with patents. Experimental economics is used as a method to gather data on behavior, varying environmental and institutional parameters. An informal price theory is developed and tested. The experimental research adds to the static analysis literature by using a dynamic analysis in a behaviorally rich experimental system of specialized agents and competitive demand-side bidding on a linear contract, the “patent product.” The microeconomic system has primary and secondary markets, traders, and a linear contract on patents with limitedvalidity and uncertain values. The main results show that risks are shifted away from invention to innovation through demand-side bidding, including traders, creating incentives for increased technologycompetition and economic growth. When a linear contract – fixed fee plus royalty – is used totrade the patents, the fixed fee approaches the blocking value of the patent, in support of theproposed price theory (blocking formally similar to insurance). Such shift in risk bearing maybe beneficial for developing nations in leveraging their human capital through education andincreasing global market access through the patent system. The competitive bidding increasesthe dynamic market efficiency considerably, clearly indicating the dynamic value of the patentsystem. Market efficiency is however still low compared to other typical auction markets,suggesting further experiments to increase efficiency before it will be possible to provide helpful advice about what to do in the field. Dynamic gains increase with increased demandsidebidding and high patent validity. Tentative policy proposals are made for patent,development and innovation policy. The experiments have been carried out at the Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science, George Mason University, USA. / QC 20100813

The research is to study how the difference of economic development between cities is from by observing the change in investment. The different main bodies of investment will make different investment decisions in different stage of life cycle of urban industries. The state-owned units are policy tools, and will invest in urban infrastructure, which is not for profit. In contrast, the only goal of non-state owned enterprises is to maximize the profit, but evade the risk, so they will invest in any profitable items. Finally, the non-state investment will exceed the state investment, and to be more and more important in a city. I select fifty big cities in china to empirically analyze the proposition, and the result indicate that the fixed-investment of non-state sector have exceeded the fixed-investment of the state sector in coastal cities, and the fixed-investment of the state sector is still more than the fixed-investment of non-state sector in inland cities. Under the condition that the goal of government policy is to raise the standard of the infrastructure of inland cities, and that the most industries of coastal cities are staying in industrial growth period, the cities with higher level of economic development grow fast more.