No description available.

<p>Under utbildningen till Studie- och yrkesvägledare kom vi att upptäcka hur intressetester av olika slag blivit ett allt populärare sätt att skaffa sig förslag på lämpliga studie- och yrkesval. Intressetester används av verksamma vägledare inom både skola och arbetsförmedling. Internet är vårt främsta informationsanskaffningsmedel och används alltmer inom vår bransch. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka elevers attityd till intressetester. Framförallt undersöka om dessa tester genererar i en ökad kunskapsproduktion och om den kunskapen då är giltig. Vi ville även undersöka om intressetester kan ersätta behovet av mer personlig vägledning. En enkätundersökning innehållande 13 frågor kring respondenternas upplevelse av intressetester utfördes på en grupp gymnasieelever i Norrtälje kommun. Med stöd av denna studies undersökningsresultat, karriärutvecklingsteorier och vägledningsmetoder har följande slutsatser kunnat dras: Att intressetester är ett bra verktyg för att finna ny kunskap om sig själv och olika yrken. Att tester har god förmåga att matcha rätt person till rätt yrke men att utfallen av testerna inte bedömdes som helt hundraprocentigt seriösa. Behovet av personlig vägledning ansågs av majoriteten inte direkt kunna ersättas med intressetester. Det finns nästan ingen tidigare forskning kring problemområdet men vi uppmanar för framtida forskning att undersöka konsekvenserna av en alltmer webbaserad vägledning.</p> / <p>During this education to become career counselors we came to detect how measurements of interest of various kinds is becoming more and more popular when to get proposals on appropriate study - and career choices. Measurements of interest are used of career counselors within both schools and employment offices. The Internet is our most useful facility when it comes to find information and is used increasingly within our sector. The aim with this study is to examine students' attitude to measurements of interest. Above all examine if they generate in an increased knowledge production and if that knowledge is valid. We also wanted to examine if measurements of interest can replace the need of more personal guidance. A questionnaire survey containing 13 questions around individuals' experience in measurements of interest was carried out on a group of high school students in the city of Norrtälje. With support of this study's survey results, career development theories and guidance methods the following conclusions can to be drawn: measurements of interest are a good tool in order to find new knowledge about yourself and different trades. Measurements of interest have good ability to match the correct individual with the correct trade but the outcomes of the measurements were not assessed entirely one hundred percent serious. The need of personal guidance was by majority not considered directly to be replaced with measurements of interest. There is almost no previous research around the problem area but we urge for future research to examine the consequences of progressively more guidance on the web.</p>

<p>Läroplanen är föränderlig över tid och har kunnat återspegla sin samtid samhällets rådande grundintentioner. Piaget, Dewey och Vygotskij har alla påverkat den svenska läroplanens utformning på olika sätt och skapat olika förutsättningar och svårigheter för individen och dennes utveckling. En undersökning som byggde på 15 lärares upplevelser fokuserade på huruvida den senaste läroplanen skapade problem för eleverna och hur de i så fall uttrycktes. Resultaten visade att läroplanen i sig inte var den avgörande, utan att yttre faktorer såsom media, samhällets struktur och föräldrar hade en större betydelse för hur eleverna fungerade i skolan. Flera lärare kommenterade nya fenomen som råare attityder mellan flickor, lustbarn och starkt präglad individualism vilka alla kan ses som vidare underlag för framtida forskning.</p>

Under utbildningen till Studie- och yrkesvägledare kom vi att upptäcka hur intressetester av olika slag blivit ett allt populärare sätt att skaffa sig förslag på lämpliga studie- och yrkesval. Intressetester används av verksamma vägledare inom både skola och arbetsförmedling. Internet är vårt främsta informationsanskaffningsmedel och används alltmer inom vår bransch. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka elevers attityd till intressetester. Framförallt undersöka om dessa tester genererar i en ökad kunskapsproduktion och om den kunskapen då är giltig. Vi ville även undersöka om intressetester kan ersätta behovet av mer personlig vägledning. En enkätundersökning innehållande 13 frågor kring respondenternas upplevelse av intressetester utfördes på en grupp gymnasieelever i Norrtälje kommun. Med stöd av denna studies undersökningsresultat, karriärutvecklingsteorier och vägledningsmetoder har följande slutsatser kunnat dras: Att intressetester är ett bra verktyg för att finna ny kunskap om sig själv och olika yrken. Att tester har god förmåga att matcha rätt person till rätt yrke men att utfallen av testerna inte bedömdes som helt hundraprocentigt seriösa. Behovet av personlig vägledning ansågs av majoriteten inte direkt kunna ersättas med intressetester. Det finns nästan ingen tidigare forskning kring problemområdet men vi uppmanar för framtida forskning att undersöka konsekvenserna av en alltmer webbaserad vägledning. / During this education to become career counselors we came to detect how measurements of interest of various kinds is becoming more and more popular when to get proposals on appropriate study - and career choices. Measurements of interest are used of career counselors within both schools and employment offices. The Internet is our most useful facility when it comes to find information and is used increasingly within our sector. The aim with this study is to examine students' attitude to measurements of interest. Above all examine if they generate in an increased knowledge production and if that knowledge is valid. We also wanted to examine if measurements of interest can replace the need of more personal guidance. A questionnaire survey containing 13 questions around individuals' experience in measurements of interest was carried out on a group of high school students in the city of Norrtälje. With support of this study's survey results, career development theories and guidance methods the following conclusions can to be drawn: measurements of interest are a good tool in order to find new knowledge about yourself and different trades. Measurements of interest have good ability to match the correct individual with the correct trade but the outcomes of the measurements were not assessed entirely one hundred percent serious. The need of personal guidance was by majority not considered directly to be replaced with measurements of interest. There is almost no previous research around the problem area but we urge for future research to examine the consequences of progressively more guidance on the web.

Läroplanen är föränderlig över tid och har kunnat återspegla sin samtid samhällets rådande grundintentioner. Piaget, Dewey och Vygotskij har alla påverkat den svenska läroplanens utformning på olika sätt och skapat olika förutsättningar och svårigheter för individen och dennes utveckling. En undersökning som byggde på 15 lärares upplevelser fokuserade på huruvida den senaste läroplanen skapade problem för eleverna och hur de i så fall uttrycktes. Resultaten visade att läroplanen i sig inte var den avgörande, utan att yttre faktorer såsom media, samhällets struktur och föräldrar hade en större betydelse för hur eleverna fungerade i skolan. Flera lärare kommenterade nya fenomen som råare attityder mellan flickor, lustbarn och starkt präglad individualism vilka alla kan ses som vidare underlag för framtida forskning.

<p>This study examines different ideas concerning problem, strategy, means and goal about development and underdevelopment in Swedish civil society organizations and Swedish governmental institutions active in the area of human rights and democracy in Uganda. This is done by first; creating a model over explainable options with the help of theories of development and underdevelopment, second; determining which theoretical perspective that SIDA and the civil society work by. The data collected consist of qualitative literature studies, analyses of policy and strategy documents dealing with development and underdevelopment.</p><p>The theoretical standpoint in the study is brought from the theory of development assistance as part of foreign policy, an area traditionally dominated by the nation, development theories and the roll of civil society. By using the analytical model we get results that show that there is a big coherence in ideas concerning the goal where the focus is poverty reduction. There are major differences concerning ideas about strategy and problem, though at majority of the actors declare both internal and external factors to underdevelopment. The leading idea about strategy is complementary implementations like organization of individuals, self-trust and</p><p>spiritual development, ideas where civil society is represented. There are several ideas of means represented in both SIDA and the civil society but SIDA differs on additional ideas such as privatization and recommendations of governmental regulations.</p>

In this thesis two &ldquo / western modern state&rdquo / and three Ottoman &ldquo / state tradition&rdquo / scholars (Gianfranco Poggi, Christopher Pierson, Serif Mardin, Metin Heper and &Ccedil / aglar Keyder) are elaborated in the way how they write the the history for their theorization attempts. The specially emphasized processes in these histories are asserted to be reconstructed as the sources of an &ldquo / idealized&rdquo / -type that is assumed to be fulfilled by &ldquo / the West&rdquo / and should also be followed by &ldquo / the rest&rdquo / . The description of this form of a state entails a covert expectation on the requirement of an effective, limited but primarily strong state. Since the mainstream historical knowledge builds the foundations of both our academic studies and daily political arguments, it should be subjected to a critique. And state theory should be rethought with comparative and alternative perspectives. This work does not only trace the histories of political development constituted on &ldquo / modernization revisionist&rdquo / and &ldquo / state traditional&rdquo / theses, it also aims to cast new perspectives for the theorization of state-formation momentums and mechanisms by making a potpourri from some alternative readings of historical theses. As a result some central debates are brought into the picture on the historical transformation of state-society relationships. Along with the attempts for more comprehensive thinking exersizes on the states, theorization does not deal with two separate states or separate narratives of the the history but rather with the experiences thought together and watched through the different forms they takes in each particular historical momentums.

In this thesis two &ldquo / western modern state&rdquo / and three Ottoman &ldquo / state tradition&rdquo / scholars (Gianfranco Poggi, Christopher Pierson, Serif Mardin, Metin Heper and &Ccedil / aglar Keyder) are elaborated in the way how they write the the history for their theorization attempts. The specially emphasized processes in these histories are asserted to be reconstructed as the sources of an &ldquo / idealized&rdquo / -type that is assumed to be fulfilled by &ldquo / the West&rdquo / and should also be followed by &ldquo / the rest&rdquo / . The description of this form of a state entails a covert expectation on the requirement of an effective, limited but primarily strong state. Since the mainstream historical knowledge builds the foundations of both our academic studies and daily political arguments, it should be subjected to a critique. And state theory should be rethought with comparative and alternative perspectives. This work does not only trace the histories of political development constituted on &ldquo / modernization revisionist&rdquo / and &ldquo / state traditional&rdquo / theses, it also aims to cast new perspectives for the theorization of state-formation momentums and mechanisms by making a potpourri from some alternative readings of historical theses. As a result some central debates are brought into the picture on the historical transformation of state-society relationships. Along with the attempts for more comprehensive thinking exersizes on the states, theorization does not deal with two separate states or separate narratives of the the history but rather with the experiences thought together and watched through the different forms they takes in each particular historical momentums.

In the past decades, exacerbating regional disparities in the European Union as well as the newly joined Eastern European states have led to a growing interest in examining the spatial embeddedness of development. Hungary, a small and very monocentric country, has experienced rapid growth in the region of its capital city and its surrounding, whereas formerly lagging regions continued to fall behind. This thesis examines growing regional disparities in Hungary in order to provide a more comprehensive overview of the phenomenon and synthesise a growing body of both Hungarian and international literature based on their relevance for Hungary. As regional disparities rarely form an explicit research subject, the first aim of this thesis was to establish a suitable method for a comprehensive national level analysis. Within a mixed methodological framework, three theoretical perspectives on regional development were selected to analyse and reveal structural disparities, which were set in contrast with GDP levels of regions. On the one hand, the method proved to be useful to establish a refined rank order of the regions based on their approximated level and speed of development. On the other hand, the three different perspectives revealed structural strength and weaknesses underlying general development level of regions. The results did confirm the multiple advantages of the most developed regions, as well as the complex disadvantage of the most backward regions. Based on this experience a further increase in disparity levels can be expected in Hungary. Regions between the two extremes showed more heterogeneous outcomes across the perspectives, revealing very different development path and structural problems behind the performance level of these regions. Taken together, these findings support the heightening need of decentralization in Hungary, in order to tackle growing regional disparities and establish policy responses at a regional level.

Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The increasing number of isiXhosa learners in Afrikaans medium schools gave rise to this investigation. According to our Constitution, all citizens have the right to receive education in one of the official languages. Some isiXhosa parents exercise their democratic right by enrolling their children in English- or Afrikaans-medium schools. They are of the opinion that the level of education is of a higher standard in these schools. Consequently, some isiXhosa learners in Afrikaans-medium schools develop barriers to learning due to the fact that they have little or no knowledge of Afrikaans. The purpose of this study was to develop a literacy intervention programme to improve the vocabulary and reading comprehension of isiXhosa mother tongue speakers in grade 4 to 6 Afrikaans-medium classes. Secondly, the aim of the study was to determine whether the literacy intervention programme would lead to the improvement of the Afrikaans vocabulary and reading comprehension of isiXhosa learners in grade 4 to 6 Afrikaans-medium classes. The research was conducted in a previously disenfranchised Afrikaans-medium school in Stellenbosch. The research methods employed comprised a literature review supported by an empirical investigation that included pre- and post-tests with learners, interviews with educators and the development and implementation of a literacy intervention programme. A mixed method research design was used, because quantitative data alone would have supplied inadequate answers to the research question. The theoretical basis of the study was Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, as well as Vygotsky’s social constructivist language acquisition theory. Both Piaget and Vygotsky emphasised the importance of social interactions in cognitive development. They regarded the development and use of vocabulary as an integral part of these interactions. Research indicates that the field of second language acquisition is multifaceted and is not supported by a singular theory. Three theories of second language acquisition were explored in this study. They are the communicative approach, shared reading and the schema theory. The role that the language-in-education policy, motivation and social economic status play in second language acquisition was also investigated. Another goal of the literature review was to collect data to develop a literacy intervention programme in which the above-mentioned theories of second language acquisition were utilised. The marsh at the school served as the context for the activities in the programme. Twenty isiXhosa mother tongue speakers in grade 4 to 6 Afrikaans-medium classes were subjected to an intervention programme over a period of six months to determine the success of the intervention programme. Data gathering included quantitative data (pre- and post-tests) as well as qualitative data (interviews with Afrikaans educators) to determine whether the learners’ vocabulary and reading comprehension had improved. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the literacy intervention programme can lead to the improvement of the Afrikaans vocabulary and reading comprehension of isiXhosa mother tongue speakers in grade 4 tot 6 Afrikaans-medium classes. This is substantiated by previous research. The results also support findings that the Afrikaans vocabulary and reading comprehension of isiXhosa learners in the Afrikaans-medium intervention school can improve if the appropriate intervention is offered timeously. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie ondersoek is onderneem weens die toenemende getal Xhosa-moedertaalsprekers in Afrikaansmediumskole. Volgens die Grondwet het elkeen die reg om onderrig in enige van die amptelike tale te ontvang. Sommige Xhosasprekende ouers oefen hierdie reg uit deur hulle kinders in Afrikaansmediumskole te plaas. Hulle is van mening dat onderrig van 'n hoёr gehalte daar plaasvind. Gevolglik is daar 'n toename van leerders wat struikelblokke tot leer ondervind, omdat hulle min of geen begrip van Afrikaans het nie. Eerstens, is die fokus van hierdie studie die ontwikkeling van 'n geletterdheidsintervensieprogram om die Afrikaanse woordeskat en leesbegrip van graad 4 tot 6 Xhosa-moedertaalsprekers in 'n Afrikaansmediumskool te bevorder. Ten tweede is dit om te bepaal of die geletterdheidsintervensieprogram 'n verbetering in die woordeskat en leesbegrip van graad 4 tot 6 Xhosa-moedertaalsprekers tot gevolg gehad het. 'n Voorheen benadeelde Afrikaansmediumskool in die Stellenbosch-omgewing is deur die navorser gekies vir die implementering van die geletterdheidsintervensieprogram. Hierdie projek het 'n literatuurstudie ondersteun deur 'n empiriese ondersoek wat voor- en natoetse met leerders, onderhoude met onderwysers en die ontwerp en toepassing van 'n geletterdheidsintervensieprogram ingesluit het, behels. Daar is van 'n gemengde navorsingsontwerp gebruik gemaak, omdat die gebruik van slegs kwantitatiewe data onvoldoende antwoorde op die navorsingsvraag sou verskaf. 'n Literatuurondersoek is gedoen om 'n teoretiese grondslag vir die studie te verkry. Piaget se teorie van kognitiewe ontwikkeling en Vygotsky se sosiaal-konstruktivistiese taalverwerwingsteorie is gebruik om die verwerwing van 'n tweede taal te beskryf. Beide Piaget en Vygotsky het die belangrikheid van sosiale interaksies in kognitiewe ontwikkeling beklemtoon. Hulle het die ontwikkeling en gebruik van woordeskat as 'n integrale deel van hierdie interaksies beskou. Die studie dui daarop dat die aard van tweedetaalverwerwing kompleks is en nie deur 'n enkele teorie ondersteun kan word nie. Drie verskillende benaderings tot tweedetaalverwerwing, naamlik die kommunikatiewe benadering, gedeelde lees en die skema-teorie, is ondersoek. Die rol wat die taal-in-onderwysbeleid (TiOB), motivering en sosio-ekonomiese status in tweedetaalverwerwing speel, is ook ondersoek. 'n Verdere doel van die literatuurondersoek was om inligting te versamel om 'n geletterdheidsintervensieprogram te ontwerp waarin bogenoemde benaderings tot tweedetaalverwerwing gebruik is. Die vleiland by die skool het die konteks geskep waarbinne die onderskeie aktiwiteite beplan is. Die geletterdheids-intervensieprogram is vir ses maande in 'n klas met 20 graad 4 tot 6 Xhosa-moedertaalsprekers toegepas om die sukses daarvan te bepaal. Datagenerering het bestaan uit kwantitatiewe data (voor- en natoetse) asook kwalitatiewe data (onderhoude met die opvoeders wat Afrikaans onderrig) om vas te stel of die leerders se woordeskat en leesbegrip verbeter het al dan nie. Die resultate van hierdie studie toon dat die toepassing van die geletterdheidsintervensieprogram tot die verbetering van die Xhosa-moedertaalsprekers in graad 4 tot 6 Afrikaansmediumklasse se Afrikaanse woordeskat en leesbegrip kan lei. Dit stem ooreen met bevindinge van vorige navorsing, naamlik dat die verbetering van leerders se woordeskat tot die verbetering van leesbegrip lei. Verder ondersteun die resultate die bevindinge dat Xhosa-moedertaalsprekers in die Afrikaansmedium intervensieskool se Afrikaanse woordeskat en leesbegrip kan verbeter, mits hulle die nodige, gepaste ondersteuning betyds ontvang.