Global ETD Search

31	Faith, Fiction, and Fame: Sowing Seeds in Danny and Anne of Green Gables Patchell, Kathleen M. 10 March 2011 (has links) In 1908, two Canadian women published first novels that became instant best-sellers. Nellie McClung's Sowing Seeds in Danny initially outsold Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables, but by 1965 McClung's book had largely disappeared from Canadian consciousness. The popularity of Anne, on the other hand, has continued to the present, and Anne has received far more academic and critical attention, especially since 1985. It is only recently that Anne of Green Gables has been criticized for its ideology in the same manner as Sowing Seeds in Danny. The initial question that inspired this dissertation was why Sowing Seeds in Danny disappeared from public and critical awareness while Anne of Green Gables continued to sell well to the present day and to garner critical and popular attention into the twenty-first century. In light of the fact that both books have in recent years come under condemnation and stand charged with maternal feminism, imperial motherhood, eugenics, and racism, one must ask further why this has now happened to both Danny and Anne. What has changed? The hypothesis of the dissertation is that Danny's relatively speedy disappearance was partly due to a shift in Canadians' religious worldview over the twentieth century as church attendance and biblical literacy gradually declined. McClung's rhetorical strategies look back to the dominant Protestantism of the nineteenth century, in contrast to Montgomery's, which look forward to the twentieth-century's waning of religious faith. Although there is enough Christianity in Montgomery's novel to have made it acceptable to her largely Christian reading public at the beginning of the century, its presentation is subtle enough that it does not disturb or baffle a twenty-first-century reader in the way McClung's does. McClung's novel is so forthright in its presentation of Christianity, with its use of nineteenth-century tropes and conventions and with its moralising didacticism, that the delightful aspects of the novel were soon lost to an increasingly secular reading public. Likewise, the recent critical challenges to both novels spring from a worldview at odds with the predominantly Christian worldview of 1908. The goal of the dissertation has been to read Sowing Seeds in Danny and Anne of Green Gables within the religious contexts of a 1908 reader in order to avoid an unquestioning twenty-first-century censure of these novels, and to ascertain the reasons for their divergent popularity and recent critical condemnation. McClung, Nellie Montgomery, L.M. Sowing Seeds in Danny Anne of Green Gables Christian Methodism Protestantism Presbyterianism Evangelicalism Revivals Worldview Typology Secularism Romanticism Manitoba Prince Edward Island Eugenics Imperialism Maternal feminism Racism Biblical literacy Sunday-School Fiction Didacticism Idealism Temperance Presentism
32	Faith, Fiction, and Fame: Sowing Seeds in Danny and Anne of Green Gables Patchell, Kathleen M. 10 March 2011 (has links) In 1908, two Canadian women published first novels that became instant best-sellers. Nellie McClung's Sowing Seeds in Danny initially outsold Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables, but by 1965 McClung's book had largely disappeared from Canadian consciousness. The popularity of Anne, on the other hand, has continued to the present, and Anne has received far more academic and critical attention, especially since 1985. It is only recently that Anne of Green Gables has been criticized for its ideology in the same manner as Sowing Seeds in Danny. The initial question that inspired this dissertation was why Sowing Seeds in Danny disappeared from public and critical awareness while Anne of Green Gables continued to sell well to the present day and to garner critical and popular attention into the twenty-first century. In light of the fact that both books have in recent years come under condemnation and stand charged with maternal feminism, imperial motherhood, eugenics, and racism, one must ask further why this has now happened to both Danny and Anne. What has changed? The hypothesis of the dissertation is that Danny's relatively speedy disappearance was partly due to a shift in Canadians' religious worldview over the twentieth century as church attendance and biblical literacy gradually declined. McClung's rhetorical strategies look back to the dominant Protestantism of the nineteenth century, in contrast to Montgomery's, which look forward to the twentieth-century's waning of religious faith. Although there is enough Christianity in Montgomery's novel to have made it acceptable to her largely Christian reading public at the beginning of the century, its presentation is subtle enough that it does not disturb or baffle a twenty-first-century reader in the way McClung's does. McClung's novel is so forthright in its presentation of Christianity, with its use of nineteenth-century tropes and conventions and with its moralising didacticism, that the delightful aspects of the novel were soon lost to an increasingly secular reading public. Likewise, the recent critical challenges to both novels spring from a worldview at odds with the predominantly Christian worldview of 1908. The goal of the dissertation has been to read Sowing Seeds in Danny and Anne of Green Gables within the religious contexts of a 1908 reader in order to avoid an unquestioning twenty-first-century censure of these novels, and to ascertain the reasons for their divergent popularity and recent critical condemnation. McClung, Nellie Montgomery, L.M. Sowing Seeds in Danny Anne of Green Gables Christian Methodism Protestantism Presbyterianism Evangelicalism Revivals Worldview Typology Secularism Romanticism Manitoba Prince Edward Island Eugenics Imperialism Maternal feminism Racism Biblical literacy Sunday-School Fiction Didacticism Idealism Temperance Presentism
33	D’un didactisme à l’autre : étude sociocritique du roman québécois pour adolescents (1980-2000) Racine, Julie 10 1900 (has links) Alors que la critique soutient souvent que le didactisme dans la littérature québécoise pour la jeunesse est chose du passé, l’analyse sociocritique, dans le présent mémoire, de plusieurs romans pour adolescents publiés après 1980 montre plutôt qu’il y subsiste et que les thèmes (conflits entre parents et adolescents, famille, sexualité) et les formes (narration ou focalisation à partir du point de vue de personnages adolescents) souvent invoqués par la critique pour prouver sa disparition constituent précisément les dimensions d’un didactisme d’un nouveau genre. Les personnages adolescents des romans analysés proposent des portraits de parents, des jugements sur des modèles familiaux et des citations de conseils sur la sexualité qui peuvent tous être considérés comme des stratégies didactiques. En plus de mettre de l’avant certaines valeurs, ces discours tenus par les adolescents constituent un métadidactisme qui réinscrit dans les œuvres elles-mêmes la relation, qui est au cœur même de la définition de la littérature jeunesse, entre un adulte détenteur de savoir et un jeune considéré comme un être en formation. / While critics often argue that didacticism in Quebec youth literature is obsolescent, a sociocritical analysis of some novels written for teenagers since 1980 shows that themes (parent-teenager conflicts, family, sexuality) and forms (narration and focalisation from the perspective of teen characters) frequently used to prove didacticism’s disappearance are, in reality, the manifestations of a new kind of didacticism. Their portraits of parents, judgments of family models and advice on sexuality, always shared by teenage characters, can in fact be considered didactic strategies. In addition to promoting specific values, those discourses build a metadidacticism which reiterates, in the novels themselves, the relationship that defines youth literature : a relationship between a knowledgeable adult and a young human being in training. Littérature québécoise Littérature pour la jeunesse Roman pour adolescents Sociocritique Didactisme Parents Famille Sexualité Quebec literature Young adult literature Sociocriticism Didacticism Parents Family Sexuality
34	Faith, Fiction, and Fame: Sowing Seeds in Danny and Anne of Green Gables Patchell, Kathleen M. 10 March 2011 (has links) In 1908, two Canadian women published first novels that became instant best-sellers. Nellie McClung's Sowing Seeds in Danny initially outsold Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables, but by 1965 McClung's book had largely disappeared from Canadian consciousness. The popularity of Anne, on the other hand, has continued to the present, and Anne has received far more academic and critical attention, especially since 1985. It is only recently that Anne of Green Gables has been criticized for its ideology in the same manner as Sowing Seeds in Danny. The initial question that inspired this dissertation was why Sowing Seeds in Danny disappeared from public and critical awareness while Anne of Green Gables continued to sell well to the present day and to garner critical and popular attention into the twenty-first century. In light of the fact that both books have in recent years come under condemnation and stand charged with maternal feminism, imperial motherhood, eugenics, and racism, one must ask further why this has now happened to both Danny and Anne. What has changed? The hypothesis of the dissertation is that Danny's relatively speedy disappearance was partly due to a shift in Canadians' religious worldview over the twentieth century as church attendance and biblical literacy gradually declined. McClung's rhetorical strategies look back to the dominant Protestantism of the nineteenth century, in contrast to Montgomery's, which look forward to the twentieth-century's waning of religious faith. Although there is enough Christianity in Montgomery's novel to have made it acceptable to her largely Christian reading public at the beginning of the century, its presentation is subtle enough that it does not disturb or baffle a twenty-first-century reader in the way McClung's does. McClung's novel is so forthright in its presentation of Christianity, with its use of nineteenth-century tropes and conventions and with its moralising didacticism, that the delightful aspects of the novel were soon lost to an increasingly secular reading public. Likewise, the recent critical challenges to both novels spring from a worldview at odds with the predominantly Christian worldview of 1908. The goal of the dissertation has been to read Sowing Seeds in Danny and Anne of Green Gables within the religious contexts of a 1908 reader in order to avoid an unquestioning twenty-first-century censure of these novels, and to ascertain the reasons for their divergent popularity and recent critical condemnation. McClung, Nellie Montgomery, L.M. Sowing Seeds in Danny Anne of Green Gables Christian Methodism Protestantism Presbyterianism Evangelicalism Revivals Worldview Typology Secularism Romanticism Manitoba Prince Edward Island Eugenics Imperialism Maternal feminism Racism Biblical literacy Sunday-School Fiction Didacticism Idealism Temperance Presentism
35	José Scaramelli: um bandeirante do ensino paulista na implementação e divulgação de uma didática e metodologia da educação nova para a infância brasileira Silva, Débora Alfaro São Martinho da 25 February 2013 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5077.pdf: 6489747 bytes, checksum: 555ab1d32d3137a4b11b711c6478bdd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The subject of this work is to study the pedagogical ideas in Brazil during the First Republic through the life history and the work of José Scaramelli who was one education expert from educational mission of Sao Paulo state. The aim of this dissertation is learning, to analyze and to understand how the methods of New Education came in to Brazilian educational scenario and, how the author Scaramelli appropriated them. Scaramelli tried to adapt them to Brazilian education reality at that time. Were Scaramelli pedagogical ideas a novelty or simply a copy of the original ideas wrote by New Education Movement Scholars? To discuss this question, the concepts of didacticism and methodology were analyzed based on his work which was produced from 1914 to 1931. Methodological guides were used as such as were proposed by Dermeval Saviani works. / Esta pesquisa tem por tema o estudo do movimento das ideias pedagógicas em circulação no Brasil no período da Primeira República, mediante a trajetória de vida e das interlocuções de um intelectual da educação brasileira, José Scaramelli, intelectual partícipe das missões de professores paulistas. Seu objetivo consiste em apreender, analisar e compreender como os ideais do Movimento da Educação Nova adentram no cenário educacional brasileiro, sendo apropriados e adaptados à realidade da época por este educador. A proposição de um novo modelo pedagógico que indica para a escola brasileira resultaria em algo inovador ou constituiria uma reprodução de tais sistemas de pensamento? Para isso foram tomados como categoria de análise os conceitos de didática e metodologia no conjunto de sua obra, produzida no período de 1914 a 1931. Como guias metodológicos para a análise dos resultados serão considerados o caráter concreto do conhecimento histórico-educacional, a perspectiva de longa duração, o olhar analítico-sintético no trato com as fontes, a articulação do singular e do universal e a atualidade da pesquisa histórica. Educação - história História das idéias Escola nova Didática Metodologia Scaramelli, José, 1894-1955 História da Educação Brasileira História das Ideias Pedagógicas Movimento da Educação Nova History of brasilian education History of pedagogical ideas New education movement José Scaramelli Didacticism Methodology CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO
36	Faith, Fiction, and Fame: Sowing Seeds in Danny and Anne of Green Gables Patchell, Kathleen M. January 2011 (has links) In 1908, two Canadian women published first novels that became instant best-sellers. Nellie McClung's Sowing Seeds in Danny initially outsold Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables, but by 1965 McClung's book had largely disappeared from Canadian consciousness. The popularity of Anne, on the other hand, has continued to the present, and Anne has received far more academic and critical attention, especially since 1985. It is only recently that Anne of Green Gables has been criticized for its ideology in the same manner as Sowing Seeds in Danny. The initial question that inspired this dissertation was why Sowing Seeds in Danny disappeared from public and critical awareness while Anne of Green Gables continued to sell well to the present day and to garner critical and popular attention into the twenty-first century. In light of the fact that both books have in recent years come under condemnation and stand charged with maternal feminism, imperial motherhood, eugenics, and racism, one must ask further why this has now happened to both Danny and Anne. What has changed? The hypothesis of the dissertation is that Danny's relatively speedy disappearance was partly due to a shift in Canadians' religious worldview over the twentieth century as church attendance and biblical literacy gradually declined. McClung's rhetorical strategies look back to the dominant Protestantism of the nineteenth century, in contrast to Montgomery's, which look forward to the twentieth-century's waning of religious faith. Although there is enough Christianity in Montgomery's novel to have made it acceptable to her largely Christian reading public at the beginning of the century, its presentation is subtle enough that it does not disturb or baffle a twenty-first-century reader in the way McClung's does. McClung's novel is so forthright in its presentation of Christianity, with its use of nineteenth-century tropes and conventions and with its moralising didacticism, that the delightful aspects of the novel were soon lost to an increasingly secular reading public. Likewise, the recent critical challenges to both novels spring from a worldview at odds with the predominantly Christian worldview of 1908. The goal of the dissertation has been to read Sowing Seeds in Danny and Anne of Green Gables within the religious contexts of a 1908 reader in order to avoid an unquestioning twenty-first-century censure of these novels, and to ascertain the reasons for their divergent popularity and recent critical condemnation. McClung, Nellie Montgomery, L.M. Sowing Seeds in Danny Anne of Green Gables Christian Methodism Protestantism Presbyterianism Evangelicalism Revivals Worldview Typology Secularism Romanticism Manitoba Prince Edward Island Eugenics Imperialism Maternal feminism Racism Biblical literacy Sunday-School Fiction Didacticism Idealism Temperance Presentism
37	Tekstuele en visuele kontraste in Georgicon II.1-108 Meyer, Roléne 11 1900 (has links) SUmmaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Die oogmerk van hierdie verhandeling is om te wys op die tekstuele en visuele kontraste in Georgi con 11.1 - 108. Ten aanvang word 'n bree vergelyking getreftussen Georgicon I en II om sodoende die funksie asook die effek van Boek 2 in die viertal gedigte te bepaal. Vir 'n meer indringende ontleding word Boek 2, asook die relevante verse, skematies verdeel en alhoewel die panoramiese effek versteur word, kan die problematiek van hierdie gedig alleenlik s0 noukeuriger opgelos word. Daar word getoon dat Boek 2 in drie afdelings verdeel is met 'n laus-tema wat telkens as hoogtepunt dien vir elk van die dele. Ook die oorkoepelende tema van variatio-labor en die wisselwerking daarvan kan duideliker waargeneem word. Verse I - I 08 is didakties van aard en eenvoudige patrone word saamgestel uit alledaagse objekte en idees. Vergilius slaag daarin om vergelykings af te dwing en om kontras te bewerkstellig deur die skep van imagines. Hierdie beelde kom duideliker na vore deur 'n baie noukeurige analise van die teks en s6 word vorm, lyn, kleur en tekstuur beklemtoon en gekontrasteer. W anneer die fokus verskuif vanaf die natuur na die mens, word daar gewys op die kontras in verse 3 5 - 46 tussen die landbouers en die politieke magsfiguur van Maecenas. Die onderliggende felix I fortuna/us tema word s6 beklemtoon. Die problematiek van didaktisisme word aangespreek deur die effek van die kontrastering van parallelle passasies aan te toon. As Leitmotiv word telkens gewys op die tekstuele en visuele kontraste in die digter se keuse en rangskikking van 'n ryke verskeidenheid van borne - met spesifieke verwysing na hulle aard, voorkoms, herkoms en funksie. / The aim of this dissertation is to indicate the textual and visual contrasts in Georgi con TI.l - 108. In a broad comparison between Georgica I and II the function and the effect ofBook 2 within the framework of the four poems is determined. With a view to a more penetrating analysis, Book 2 as a whole and specifically lines 1 - 108 will be dealt with schematically. Although this puts the panoramic effect at risk, it is the only way in which the complexities of this poem can be successfully resolved. Book 2 is shown to have a tripartite structure, with a taustheme as the climax of each of the three divisions. The over-arching theme of reciprocating variatio- labor also comes to light more clearly. Lines I - I 08 are of a didactic nature, and simple patterns are shaped out of everyday objects and ideas. By creating imagines Vergil manages to enforce comparisons and to bring about contrasts. A meticulous analysis of the text highlights these images more clearly and in this manner the poet accentuates colour, form, line and texture. When the focus shifts from nature to man, the contrast between the farmers and the politically powerful Maecenas in lines 3 5 - 46 is brought to the fore to emphasize the underlying theme of felix I fortunatus. The problem of didacticism is addressed by focusing on the effect of the contrasts between parallel passages. The textual and visual contrasts in the poet's choice and marshalling of a rich variety of trees, with a particular reference to their nature, occurrence, provenance and function, serve as Leitmotif for the dissertation as a whole. / Classics and Modern European Languages / M.A. (Latyn) Didacticism Textual contrasts Visual contrasts Schematic analysis Tripartite division Digression Parallel paragraphs Variety theme Labour Sloth Nature Variety of trees Artificial methods Spontaneous Grafting Propagation 874 (VER) G7205 Virgil. Georgica
38	Le parfait exemple du Reclus de Molliens : poétique de la réception du texte édifiant en strophe d’Hélinand (XIIIe-XVe siècles) Bottex-Ferragne, Ariane 08 1900 (has links) Poète picard du début du XIIIe siècle, le Reclus de Molliens est l’auteur à de deux textes à teneur morale, religieuse et savante, qui circulent sous les titres de Miserere et Carité. Même si ces deux textes édifiants connaissent une diffusion considérable au Moyen Âge et qu’ils rencontrent une réception plus que favorable auprès de plusieurs générations de lecteurs et d’auteurs anciens, ils ont largement été délaissés, voire négligés par la critique moderne, qui ne leur a accordé aucune monographie depuis la fin du XIXe siècle (Van Hamel, 1885). Si la présente thèse vise en partie à combler cette lacune par le moyen d’une mise à jour des données de base quant à la diffusion et au legs littéraire du Reclus de Molliens, elle propose avant tout une réflexion d’ordre poétique, qui engage de façon active le statut de canon littéraire de l’œuvre. À titre de textes à succès – qui font acte de modèle et d’étalon poétique aux yeux d’un vaste public –, Miserere et Carité paraissent tout désignés pour servir de guide et de point de repère poétique permettant de repenser la vitalité et les codes de la poésie édifiante, à l’aune des critères de jugement et des pratiques de lecture concrètes du public médiéval. La documentation historique liée au Reclus de Molliens révèle que le système de versification adopté dans Miserere et Carité, soit la strophe d’Hélinand (8aabaabbbabba), joue un rôle primordial dans la réception de l’œuvre. Comme il faudra le montrer, les textes en strophe d’Hélinand répondent à une série de règles cohérentes, spécifiques et différenciées (partie I), si bien qu’ils s’apparentent à un système poétique à part entière, doté de son propre « horizon d’attente » et de ses propres conventions de lecture (partie II). Ces règles non écrites, qui semblent directement infléchir la réception de Miserere et Carité, participent également du procès du sens en ajoutant un impact dramatique au propos édifiant (partie III). Dès lors que l’analyse de Miserere et Carité sera ainsi imbriquée à celle de ce corpus formel, il deviendra possible de dégager une poétique du texte édifiant en strophe d’Hélinand, qui sera guidée et balisée par le parfait exemple d’un poète à succès. / The Reclus de Molliens, an early 13th century French poet, is the author of two moralizing, religious and didactic texts known as Miserere and Carité. Despite its wide circulation, as well as its significant influence over subsequent generations of authors and readers, this work has been largely neglected by modern critics: the most recent monograph on Miserere and Carité was indeed published over one hundred thirty years ago (Van Hamel, 1885). The following dissertation aims at filling this gap in research by updating the basic data regarding the circulation and literary legacy of this medieval best-seller. Moreover, it provides a reflection surrounding the poetics of this work, which draws on its status as a part of a forgotten literary canon. The fact that Miserere and Carité were so widely read, and therefore constituted models and poetic benchmarks for a wide audience, makes them ideal case studies to rethink the vitality and the codes of moralizing poetry, based on the actual criteria and reading practices of the medieval audience. The historical documentation pertaining to the Reclus de Molliens reveals that the versification system adopted in Miserere and Carité, known as the Helinandian stanza (8aabaabbbabba), plays a vital role in the reception of his works. As will be demonstrated, works that are composed using this type of verse follow a consistent set of poetic rules (part 1). This means that they constitute a legitimate poetic system, with its own “horizon of expectations” and reading conventions (part 2). These implicit rules, which seem to have impacted the reception of Miserere and Carité, also contribute to the construction of meaning by adding a dramatic impact to their moralizing content (part 3). Once the analysis of Miserere and Carité is thus imbricated in the analysis its “formal family”, it will then be possible to define a poetics of the moralizing text written in Helinandian stanza, guided and framed by this successful poet. didactisme forme lecture manuscrit Miserere et Carité poétique réception Reclus de Molliens strophe d’Hélinand succès littéraire texte édifiant thème de la mort versification didacticism form manuscript Miserere and Carité poetics reading reception Helinand’s stanza literary best-seller moralizing literature theme of death versification
39	Dramaturgie et morale dans les comédies de Ménandre et de Plaute. La question de l'axiologie / Dramaturgy and Morals in Menander’s and Plautus’ comedies. The question of axiology Lhostis, Nathalie 29 November 2013 (has links) Notre étude intitulée « dramaturgie et morale », porte sur la mise en scène des valeurs morales dans les comédies de Ménandre et de Plaute. Notre approche consiste à repérer quelles sont les valeurs mobilisées, à étudier la manière dont elles sont exprimées et articulées entre elles. Il s’agit d’analyser leur traitement et la place qui leur est conférée : sont-elles soumises à réflexion, confirmées, mises à l’épreuve ? Ainsi l’enjeu n’est pas tant de chercher la « morale » des pièces ou le message moral qu’elles délivreraient, mais de décrire l’architectonique des valeurs dans les comédies. Nous nous sommes intéressée plus particulièrement à l’axiologie, c’est-à-dire à la forme que prend l’évaluation morale dans les comédies de Ménandre et de Plaute. Quels sont les critères qui déterminent cette évaluation ? Quel est l’enjeu de cette évaluation ? La valeur, telle qu’elle apparaît dans les comédies de Ménandre et de Plaute, est essentiellement de trois types : matérielle, symbolique et éthique. La question est de comprendre comment elles sont pensées et articulées les unes aux autres dans chacun des deux corpus. Cette perspective rejoint la question du rapport entre l’intérêt particulier et l’intérêt d’autrui, centrale dans les philosophies antiques qui posent la question de savoir dans quelle mesure il est nécessaire pour l’agent éthique de prendre en compte l’intérêt d’autrui pour atteindre son propre bonheur.Une première partie est consacrée aux notions de valeurs et d’échange, autour de deux types d’échange : l’échange marchand et l’échange social, le premier mettant en œuvre une morale de type utilitariste et le second faisant appel à des vertus coopératives. Une seconde partie étudie la notion d’infraction. Il s’agit d’examiner les modalités d’évaluation d’une action singulière. Dans une troisième partie, nous étudions la comédie comme expérimentation éthique. / This study, entitled “dramaturgy and morals”, looks at the dramatization of moral values in the comedies of Menander and Plautus. I employ an approach that identifies which values are evoked and looks at how they are conveyed and structured in relation to one another. The aim is to analyse how they are treated and the place that is accorded to them. Are they subjected to reflection, affirmed, or critiqued? Thus what is at stake is less about finding the “morals” in the plays or their supposed moral message, but rather delineating the architectonics of values in these comedies. This study will focus more specifically on axiology, that is to say the form that moral evaluation takes in the comedies of Menander and Plautus. According to which criteria is this evaluation carried out? What is at stake in this evaluation?The concept of value, as it appears in the comedies of Menander and Plautus, entails essentially three domains: the material, the symbolic, and the ethical. The issue at hand is understanding how they are conceived of and related to one another in the comedies of Menander and Plautus. Such a perspective intersects with the question of the relationship between personal interest and the interests of others, a key concern in Ancient philosophy which seeks to discover to what extent an ethical agent is obliged to take into consideration others in order to achieve happiness. The first section is concerned with the concepts of moral values and trade. It looks at two types of trade: commercial trade, which outlines the primacy of utilitarian morals, and communal trade, which is based on co-operative values. The second section deals with the idea of contravention. It examines the procedures used to judge a particular action. The third section looks at comedy as ethical experimentation. Théâtre Comédie Comique Comédie Nouvelle Néa Palliata Ménandre Plaute Dramaturgie Savoir Morale Éthique Axiologie Valeur Évaluation Échange Infraction Faute Erreur Transgression Justice Équité Juste Sujet Sujet éthique Sujet social Expérimentation Fonction morale Didactisme Édification Philosophie et littérature Theatre Comedy Comical New Comedy Nea Palliata Menander Plautus Dramaturgy Knowledge Morals Ethics Axiology Values Evaluation Trade Contravention Fault Error Transgression Justice Equity Fair Subject Ethical Subject Social Subject Experimentation Moral Function Didacticism Edification Philosophy and Literature

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