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Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Simulation von Zweiwellen-Zahnriemengetrieben und deren Vorspannmethoden, insbesondere mit der relativ neuen Methode Spannring (ROLL-RING®). Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, ein analytisches Simulationsmodell zu entwickeln, mit dem grundlegende Erkenntnisse über das statische und dynamische Verhalten solcher ringgespannten Zahnriemengetriebe gewonnen werden können. Für einen exemplarischen Vergleich der Vorspannmethoden, werden außerdem analytische Simulationsmodelle für Zahnriemengetriebe ohne Spannelement und mit federgespannter Rolle erstellt. Als weiteren Bestandteil der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Dimensionierungsvorschrift für ringgespannte Zahnriemengetriebe abgeleitet, bei der sowohl statische als auch dynamische Vorgänge im Getriebe berücksichtigt werden können. Anschließend wird der Einfluss der relevanten Parameter auf das Verhalten des ringgespannten Getriebes untersucht. Alle erstellten Simulationsmodelle werden sowohl experimentell an Versuchsständen als auch mittels FEM-Vergleichsrechnung validiert. Die dafür benötigten Getriebeparameter wurden ebenfalls experimentell ermittelt. Abschließend folgt der exemplarische Vergleich der Vorspannmethoden anhand von drei Simulationsbeispielen und einem experimentellen Vergleich des Wirkungsgrads. / This dissertation deals with the simulation of two-shaft timing belt drive and its pre-tension methods. Special attention is given to the relatively new method tensioning ring (ROLL-RING®). The target of the present work is to develop an analytical simulation model, with this fundamental understanding of the static and dynamic behavior of such ring-tensioned timing belt drives can be gained. For an exemplary comparison of pre-tension methods, analytical simulation models for synchronous belt drive without pre-tension element and with tensioner pulley with spring will be created. As another part of the present work a dimensioning specification for ring-tensioned toothed belt drives was deduced. This specification can be considered in both static and dynamic processes in the transmission. Then, the influence of relevant parameters on the behavior of the ring-tensioned timing belt drives is researched. All created simulation models will vali-date both experimental and FEM using comparative calculation. The parameters re-quired for the transmission were also experimentally determined. Finally, the exemplary comparison of pre-tensioned methods basis of three examples of simulation and an ex-perimental comparison of energy conversion efficiency follow.

This thesis is a techno-economic study focus on the IoT connectivity service field. It describes the specifications of LPWAN, LPLAN, and Cellular-IoT technologies. The analysis method of dimensioning and cost structure calculation of IoT network is enhanced from previous wireless network research, which is also a research gap in the telecom industry. By using this method, the dimensioning results and cost structure performances can be obtained when having the inputs of the scenario. The results are compared among SigFox, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, LTE-M, EC-GSM-IoT, and WiFi-HaLow. Furthermore, we find out the cost driver of different technologies. When it comes to different actors, a new market entrant or an incumbent, the strategies taken by the actors are compared. They are building own sites or leasing sites from other actors, even reusing sites if possible. The contribution of this thesis is pointing out the dimensioning and cost structure calculation method of deploying IoT connectivity. Another contribution is comparing the cost performance and figuring out the cost driver. SigFox is costefficient for low capacity scenario, while LTE-M is of good cost performance for high capacity cases. The cost driver is operation and maintenance cost and site build cost. By leasing and reusing sites, the site build cost can be largely reduced. / Denna avhandling har ett ekonomiskt och tekniskt perspektiv på anslutningstjänsten IoT. Den beskriver specifikationerna för LPWAN, LPLAN och Cellular-IoT teknik. Analysmetoden för dimensionering och beräkning av kostnadsstruktur av IoT-nätet har förbättrats jämfört med tidigare trådlös nätverksforskning, vilket i sig är ett område som saknar tillräcklig forskning inom telekombranschen. Genom att använda den här metoden kan dimensioneringens resultat och prestandan av kostnadsstrukturen erhållas när indata finns tillgängligt för olika fall/scenarion. Resultaten jämförs bland SigFox, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, LTE-M, EC-GSM-IoT och WiFi-HaLow. Dessutom hittar vi kostnadsdrivaren av olika teknologier. När det gäller olika aktörer, en ny marknadsaktör eller en etablerad aktör, jämförs de olika strategier som aktörerna använder. De bygger egna basstationer eller leasar basstationer från andra aktörer, och i vissa fall även återanvändning av basstationer om så är möjligt. Denna avhandling bidrar till att peka ut beräkningsmetoden för dimensioneringen och kostnadsstruktur av att bygga ut IoT-anslutningar. En annan slutsats är jämförelsen av kostnadseffektiviteten mellan olika teknologier och att komma underfund med kostnadsdrivaren. SigFox är kostnadseffektiv i fallen där kapaciteten är låg, medan LTE-M har bra kostnadseffektivitet i fallen där kapaciteten är hög. Kostnadsdrivaren är driftoch underhållskostnad samt kostnad för konstruktionen av byggplatsen. Genom att leasa och återanvända basstationer kan kostanden för konstruktionen av byggplatsen minskas till en stor del.

La présente étude traite de l’éco-conception d’une pièce structurale, de type poutre tubulaire, en stratifié bio-composite à base de fibres de lin. A cette pièce à concevoir est associé un cas de charge mécanique combinant flexion et torsion et une tenue face aux produits détergents-décontaminant utilisés en environnement médical. Cette étude a pour objectif de montrer la faisabilité d’employer comme architecture de renfort, une mèche de lin pour la réalisation de la pièce. Ce renfort a la particularité d’être constitué de fibres alignées dont la cohésion est assurée par la présence d’un liant par opposition aux fils constituées de fibres retordues. Tout d’abord, pour établir un cahier des charges de fabrication à partir de ceux déjà en vigueur, le comportement mécanique du bio-composite à l’échelle du pli, puis à celui du stratifié et enfin à l’échelle de la poutre stratifié a été modélisé et des critères de conception et de dimensionnement portant sur la rigidité en flexion et en torsion ont été développés de façon analytique. Associée à cette approche et au choix du renfort, le procédé d’enroulement filamentaire a été retenu pour la mise en oeuvre de la pièce. Afin de montrer la compatibilité de la mèche en entrée et le procédé sélectionné, une étude du comportement en traction de la mèche visant à étudier l’effet des paramètres du procédé sur les propriétés mécaniques de la mèche a été réalisée. Cette deuxième phase a été poursuivie par la réalisation de prototypes, suivant le cahier des charges de fabrication établit, qui ont ensuite été analysés en termes de qualité et de performances mécaniques. La corrélation entre ces résultats et ceux obtenus par l’étape de dimensionnement a permis de valider l’approche. Enfin, dans le but d’intégrer l’interaction avec l’environnement opératoire dans le dimensionnement de la pièce, une étude de la durabilité a été réalisée. Celle-ci permet d’établir des stratégies de dimensionnement pour répondre à l’application. / This study aims at eco-designing a structural part, of a hollow beam type, using a laminated flax fibre based bio-composite. The part needs to satisfy a given bending and torsion load case and show compatibility with the cleaning products used in the medical environment. The objective of the study is to investigate the potential of using a flax tow as the reinforcement input for the manufacturing of the beam. The particularity of the reinforcement is that it consists of an assembly of aligned flax fibres held together by a binder as opposed to spun yarns. First, in order to establish the required manufacturing specifications, the mechanical behaviour of the bio-composite at the ply scale, at the laminated and finally at the laminated beam scale was modelled. From this modelling, design and dimensioning criteria based on bending and torsional stiffness were developed analytically. Combining this approach with the choice of the reinforcement, the wet-filament winding process was chosen to manufacture the part. Thus, the tensile behaviour of the flax tow was studied in relation to the process parameters to demonstrate their compatibility. This second phase was followed by the manufacturing of prototypes according the established specifications which were then analysed in terms of quality and mechanical performance. The correlation between experimental results and the model predictions was used to validate the dimensioning approach. Finally and in order to incorporate the interaction of the part with the environment, a durability study was conducted. The latter allows to put forward different dimensioning strategies to meet the required specification.

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-04-17T10:45:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP Luciano Moura. 2014.pdf: 12456929 bytes, checksum: 4c323db95b4e904c2baeb5a6cb2cd2e9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-04-20T11:01:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP Luciano Moura. 2014.pdf: 12456929 bytes, checksum: 4c323db95b4e904c2baeb5a6cb2cd2e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-20T11:01:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP Luciano Moura. 2014.pdf: 12456929 bytes, checksum: 4c323db95b4e904c2baeb5a6cb2cd2e9 (MD5) / O estudo analisa a produção científica sobre o planejamento da força de trabalho em saúde no período entre 1964 a 2013, ao tempo em que busca identificar critérios utilizados, métodos e as categorias de trabalhadores da saúde tomadas como objeto de estudos no Brasil. Realizou-se um levantamento de artigos nacionais selecionados nas bases de dados bibliográficas Lilacs e Scielo. Foram incluídos 58 trabalhos, analisados a partir das conjunturas políticas brasileiras em três momentos distintos, 1964 a 1979, 1980 a 1989 e 1990 a 2013. Observa-se uma tendência na utilização dos métodos normativos, iniciadas desde 1964 permanecendo ao longo de todo o período analisado. A centralização política no primeiro momento direcionou a prática do planejamento no setor saúde, com forte viés econômico, influência das organizações internacionais e foco na categoria médica. O momento seguinte, de intensa movimentação e proposta de reformulação das políticas de saúde no país é dada maior nitidez e visibilidade a estruturação da área de Recursos Humanos em Saúde. Nota-se que, embora influenciados pelo pensamento estratégico, o planejamento permaneceu com práticas e métodos normativos, voltados para os profissionais da área de enfermagem, incluindo o nível médio, técnico e universitário. Já o período entre 1990 a 2013, marcado pelo processo de implementação do SUS, caracteriza-se pela influência das políticas neoliberais, com redução do papel do Estado e forte processo de privatizações, levando ao pouco investimento no planejamento da força de trabalho em saúde (PFTS). Mesmo em um contexto preocupado com as questões sociais e de ampliação do acesso aos serviços de saúde, a preocupação com as questões referentes a força de trabalho permaneceram em respostas as discussões inerentes ao mercado de trabalho. Conclui-se que mesmo em diferentes contextos políticos e sociais, o planejamento da força de trabalho permaneceu voltado a responder as questões econômicas e com forte concentração no setor hospitalar.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Chih-Hang John Wu / Quality is a result of product design and production control. Product design must maximize the ability to function across variations in production and environment. Production control must monitor and maintain the key design characteristics necessary for the intended function. Failure to do so results in premature part failure and increased costs. This has occurred in the production of modern cross ties. By designing quality into the product and production process, performance is maximized. This research presents a methodology for incorporating quality into the product design and production process. For product design, a relationship between product performance and design parameters is established by modeling techniques. These models provide a means to redesign the product to maximize performance and to understand the sensitivity of the design to fluctuation in production and environment. These models also establish the key design parameters that are critical for sustaining quality. For production, a method of monitoring the key design parameters is presented that provides an affordable means of automated inspection. Automated inspection removes operator error from the inspection process and allows for greater sampling rates to be achieved. The methodology presented allows for a potential of 100% inspection to be achieved with minimal impact to production costs. The research is applied to the analysis and quality control of pre-stressing steel reinforcement for concrete cross-ties. This application provides an opportunity to test and verify the research findings on a real world problem. Novel automated 3D spatial analysis algorithms are presented. This research furthers the state of the art of performing Geometrical Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). A cost effective method of non-contact surface profiling was developed with high resolution and high density surface profiles. The combined research findings present a methodology of achieving quality by design.

Toppeffekter används av elnätsbolag för att dimensionera elnätet, vilket blir allt viktigare för varje år. Fler och fler invånare och företag ökar sin elkonsumtion och förväntar sig en driftsäker och stabil elförsörjning. Det finns två vanliga metoder att beräkna toppeffekter. Första sättet är Velanders formel som är en enkel metod för att uppskatta toppeffekter. Velanders formel behöver bara årsenergi och vetskap om kundkategori med tillhörande Velanderkonstanter för beräkning av uppskattad toppeffekt. Sedan finns den mer komplexa typkurvemetoden som behöver flera olika parametrar, t.ex. graddagtal, dygnsmedeltemperatur, gränssannolikhet och kundkategori. Detta examensarbete undersöker en enkel metod för att ta fram konstanter till Velanders formel för beräkning av toppeffekter. Detta genomfördes med hjälp av regressionsanalys av historiska elanvändningsdata från Mälarenergi Elnät AB:s (MEE) kunder från 12 olika kundkategorier. Detta på grund av att MEE önskade att utveckla en metod för att ta fram konstanter till Velanders formel baserad på historiska elanvändningsdata. Metoden för att ta fram konstanter till Velanders formel går ut på att med hjälp av MATLAB utföra en regressionsanalys på simulerade kundgrupper skapade från timvis historiska elanvändningsdata. En kurva baserad på Velanders formel tas sedan fram som beskriver den övre gränsen till toppeffekterna för de simulerade kundgrupperna. Från kurvan fås sedan de Velanderkonstanter som söks. Resultaten av den undersökta metoden presenteras i form av grafer och tabeller för tre utvalda kundkategorier. Alla kategorier och deras resultat finns som bilagor till rapporten. Valideringen av resultaten och metoden gjordes med hjälp av korsvalidering och jämförelse mot heterogena simulerade kundgrupper. Känslighetsanalysen visar att den undersökta metoden var känslig för flera faktorer såsom kategorisering av kunder, tidsspann för historiska elanvändningsdata, antal simulerade kundgrupper och kundantal. Med tillräcklig dimensionering av dessa faktorer bedömdes metoden vara användbar. Resultaten visade på att de framtagna Velanderkonstanterna gav en god uppskattning av toppeffekter för de kundkategorier som undersökts. Jämförelse av de uppskattade toppeffekterna och de observerade visade på att det fanns en viss differens mellan dem. Detta var dock förväntat eftersom de uppskattade toppeffekterna ska avspegla den övre toppeffektsgränsen. / This degree project has examined a simple method aiming to obtain coefficients for Velanders formula which purpose is to calculate peak loads. This was done by using regression analysis on historical data on consumption of electricity from 12 different customer categories acquired from Mälarenergi Elnät AB (MEE). The reason being that MEE wanted to examine a method which could obtain coefficients for Velanders formula based on hourly historical electricity consumption data. The method for obtaining Velander coefficients uses MATLAB to do regression analysis on simulated customer groups, created from hourly historical electricity consumption data. The Velander coefficients are then obtained from a regression curve based on Velanders formula. Results from the evaluation of the method is presented with the help of plots and tables for three chosen customer categories. Validation of the method was done by cross-validation and comparison against heterogeneous customer groups. Sensitivity analysis showed the examined method to be sensitive to several factors such as categorization of customers, the timespan of historical electricity consumption data, the number of simulated customer groups that were used and how many customers a category contained. By dimensioning these factors carefully, the method examined was assessed to be viable. The results indicated that the obtained Velander coefficients gave a good estimation of the peak loads for the chosen customer categories. Comparison between the estimated and observed peak loads indicated that there was a certain difference between them. This was to be expected since the estimated peak loads are to reflect the upper peak load limit.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-18T15:58:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ SEBASTIÃO COSTA DE SOUSA - TESE PPGEA 2012..pdf: 33774056 bytes, checksum: ac856e40b8c7443bbd9eff3a2bd00893 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T15:58:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ SEBASTIÃO COSTA DE SOUSA - TESE PPGEA 2012..pdf: 33774056 bytes, checksum: ac856e40b8c7443bbd9eff3a2bd00893 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09 / Capes / Este trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração de modelos matemáticos (conjunto de equações) para escolha de emissores e dimensionamento hidráulico de sistemas de irrigação por aspersão convencional e localizada, em subunidades de irrigação de forma geométrica retangular, triangular e trapezoidal. O modelo proposto para escolha do emissor envolve os parâmetros de solo, água, planta, atmosfera, jornada de trabalho e tempo disponível para funcionamento do sistema em uma seleção otimizada de emissores com base em demanda de pressão por área instalada (aspersores) e aproximação de vazão (gotejadores e microaspersores). O modelo para o dimensionamento hidráulico de subunidades de irrigação retangulares propicia a determinação da posição ótima para a tubulação de derivação (menor demanda de pressão, menor comprimento da tubulação e maior aproximação da variação máxima de pressão na subunidade), permitindo nesse processo a utilização das equações de perda de carga unitária de Darcy-Weisbach, Hazen-Williams e Scobey. Nesse modelo também foram obtidos algoritmos para a determinação da situação mais desfavorável em sistema com tubulações móveis e do comprimento máximo de tubulações para diâmetros prefixados, com e sem uso de tratamentos numéricos (uso dos métodos de Newton- Raphson e das Secantes), para a resolução de equações implícitas. Obteve-se ainda, uma expressão matemática adaptada da fórmula de Blasius, de elevada precisão (erros menos que 1,35%), para a determinação do fator de atrito de Darcy-Weisbach para as situações mais comuns em projetos de irrigação pressurizada (escoamento turbulento liso). Para as subunidades triangulares e trapezoidais os modelos foram elaborados utilizando-se do método de dimensionamento trecho a trecho para as tubulações de derivação e do fator de múltiplas saídas para as tubulações laterais. Um último algoritmo foi elaborado para o dimensionamento das demais tubulações que compõem os sistemas de irrigação, bem como as definições necessárias para a montagem do cabeçal de controle e a seleção do conjunto motobomba. Devido as numerosas rotinas de cálculos envolvidas, os modelos propostos são potencialmente aplicados a programas computacionais. / This research aimed at developing mathematic models (set of equations) to choose emitters and hydraulic design of irrigation by sprinkler, in irrigation subunits in a rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal geometric form. The proposed model for the emitter's choice involves soil, water, plants and atmosphere parameters, workday and available time for the system to vvork in an optimized selection of emitters based on the demand of pressure for the area installed (sprinklers) and the approach flow (drip and micro-sprinklers). The model for hydraulic design of rectangular irrigation subunits offers the determination of the best position for the pipe shunt (lower demand pressure, shorter pipe length and higher approximation of maximum pressure variation in the subunit), favoring, in this process, the use of Darcy-Weisbach, Hazen-Williams and Scobey's equations of unit head loss. In this model, algorithms for the determination of the most unfavorable situation in mobile system with pipes and the maximum length of pipe diameters for fixed rate, with and without use of numerical treatments (use of Newton-Raphson's method as well as use Secantes's), to solve the implicit equations) were also obtained. One high precision mathematic expression adapted from Blasius's formula (errors less than 1,35%) was obtained in order to determine Darcy-Weisbach's friction factor for the most common situations in pressurized irrigation projects (smooth turbulent flow). For the triangular and trapezoidal subunits, the models were designed using the dimensioning method per zone for bypass pipes and multiple output factor for pipes shunts. Another algorithm was created to measure the other pipes that make part of the irrigation systems, as well as to define the assembling of the head control and the selection of the pump-motor set. Due to the several numbers of calculations involved, the proposed models are potentially applied to computer programs.

Estudo de natureza quantitativa, descritiva, transversal, elaborado com o objetivo de identificar e analisar o absenteísmo por doença, dos profissionais de enfermagem do Hospital Universitário da USP, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2007. A metodologia foi desenvolvida em duas etapas: caracterização demográfica dos profissionais e análise e caracterização das ausências quanto aos tipos de afastamento, aos diagnósticos médicos, à taxa de absenteísmo por doença, à relação com a taxa de ocupação do Hospital e ao custo médio estimado. O quadro de profissionais foi constituído, em média, de 647 profissionais, destes 362 apresentaram absenteísmo por doença: 69 (19,1%) enfermeiros, 212 (58,6%) técnicos de enfermagem, 78 (21,5%) auxiliares de enfermagem e três (0,8%) atendentes. Os afastamentos por doença foram classificados em: licença por falta abonada (FA); licença por falta compensada por folga (FO), licença-médica com até 15 dias (LM), licença- médica acima de 15 dias (INS) e licença-médica acima de 15 dias, porém iniciadas antes de 2007 (IN). A idade média dos profissionais ausentes por doença, o sexo e o tempo de experiência não condicionaram o absenteísmo por doença. Possuem em média 1,5 filhos, 83% reportaram trabalhar em um emprego e despenderem cerca de 50min no trajeto para o trabalho. O salário bruto, dos enfermeiros foi de R$ 4.958,32, dos técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem R$ 2.650.07 e de R$ 1.360,94 para os atendentes de enfermagem. A quantidade de licenças concedidas, em 2007, aos 362 profissionais foram 762 licenças que representaram 6.245 dias de absenteísmo por doença ao trabalho, correspondendo a LM 67,6%, FA 10,8%, FO 12,1%, INS 5,0% e IN 4,5%. Os técnicos de enfermagem apresentaram a maior quantidade de licenças por doença, e os auxiliares de enfermagem a maior de dias de ausências. Quanto à unidade de origem, os maiores percentuais de licenças ocorreram na Clínica Cirúrgica, no Pronto-Socorro Adulto e na Clínica Médica. Na unidade de Pronto-Socorro Adulto, proporcionalmente ao quadro da unidade, ocorreu a maior quantidade de profissionais ausentes por doença. Na Clinica Médica, 73 licenças geraram a quantidade mais elevada de dias de ausências (1.216). O total do tempo em dias de ausência por doença foi de 11.948 dias, no ano, sendo: 5.757 dias (48,2%) IN; 3.552 dias (29,7%) INS e 2.470 dias (20,75%) LM; 101 dias (0,8%) FO; 68 dias (0,6%) FA. A menor ocorrência de licenças por doença foi no turno da noite e a maior no turno da manhã. As doenças sistema osteomuscular e do tecido conjuntivo representaram 4.957 dias (41,5%) de ausências e os transtornos mentais e comportamentais 3.393 dias (28,4%). As LM representaram 83,5% do custo estimado. O percentual mensal de licenças por doença foi inversamente proporcional à taxa de ocupação. A taxa de absenteísmo por doença da equipe de enfermagem, em 2007, foi 5,3%, as licenças INSS representaram 4,2% e as LM 1,1%. A política de cobertura, por contratação temporária, do absenteísmo por doença poderá contribuir para diminuir a sobrecarga de trabalho, possibilitando condições mais seguras de trabalho aos profissionais de enfermagem / The aim of this quantitative, descriptive and transversal study was to identify and analyze sickness absenteeism in the nursing staff of the University Hospital-USP, from January to December 2007. Methodology was carried-out in two phases: professionals demographic characterization and analyze and characterization of absences regarding type of leave, medical diagnosis, rate of sickness absenteeism, relationship with rate of Hospital occupation and with the mean estimated cost. The professional chart consisted of, on average, 647 professionals, of which 362 presented sickness absenteeism: 69 (19.1%) nurses, 212 (58.6%) nursing technicians, 78 (21.5%) nursing assistants and three (0.8%) hospital attendants. Sick leaves were classified into: leave due to excused absence (EA); leave of absence, performing overtime work in non-work days (NW), medical leave up to 15 days (ML), and medical leave for more than 15 days (EML) and medical leave more than 15 days but started before 2007 (BML). The professionals mean age for sickness absenteeism, sex and expertise time did not correlated absenteeism to disease. The professionals had an average of 1.5 children, 83% reported to have a job and they expended about 50 minutes in the way to the workplace. The gross income of the nurses was R$ 4,958.32 and R$ 2,650.07 for technicians/nursing assistants and R$ 1,360.94 for nursing attendants. The total of leaves granted in 2007, for the 362 professionals was 762 leaves representing 6.245 days related to sickness absenteeism, corresponding to ML 67.6%, EA10.8%, NW 12.1%, EML 5.0% and BML 4.5%. The nursing technicians presented the greater rates of sick leaves and nursing assistants presented the greatest rate of absences. Regarding unit of origin of the greatest leave rates occurred in Surgical Clinic, Adult First-Aid Clinic and Medical Clinic. In the Adult First-Aid, proportionally in relation to the unit size, occurred the greatest number of sick leaves. In the Medical Clinic 73 leaves triggered a greater rate of absent days (1,216). The total amount of days on sick leave was 11,948 days, per year, of which: 5,757 days (48.2%) BML; 3,552 days (29.7%) EML and 2,470 days (20.765%) ML; 101 days (0.8%) NW; 68 days (0.6%) EA. The lower occurrence due to disease was observed at the night shifts and the greater in the morning shifts. Diseases of the osteomuscular system and connective tissue represented 4.957 days (41.5%) of absences and psychological and behavioral disorders 3,393 days (28.4%). The ML represented 83.5% of the estimated cost. Monthly percentage of leaves per disease was inversely proportional to the occupation rate. Sick absenteeism rate in the nursing staff, in 2007, was 5.3%, INSS* leaves represented 4.2% and MD 1.1%. Coverage Policies for temporary contract, sickness absenteeism may contribute to decrease work overload, allowing more safe conditions of working for the nursing professionals

Orientador: Paulo Vatavuk / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T08:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_EdsonVictorde_M.pdf: 1243495 bytes, checksum: 65a1b651d2f304cfca69e91ab51e9514 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O estudo do transitório hidráulico em condutos forçados tem grande relevância em projetos de sistemas de tubulações. A quantificação das pressões máximas e mínimas é de fundamental interesse para o projetista, a fim de que este possa dimensionar a tubulação e/ou prever dispositivos de proteção, cuja finalidade é amortecer as variações de carga, prejudiciais à vida útil da instalação. Neste trabalho optou-se pelo estudo de um destes dispositivos, o reservatório hidropneumático, que protege as instalações contra sobrepressões e subpressões, impedindo assim a descontinuidade do escoamento quando o sistema de bombeamento é desligado ou quando ocorre um fechamento rápido de válvula de bloqueio. O objetivo principal da presente pesquisa é o de formular tabelas e gráficos de aplicação para o pré-dimensionamento de reservatórios hidropneumáticos para a atenuação de transitórios hidráulicos em sistemas de condutos forçados, facilitando, desta maneira, o trabalho dos projetistas na escolha deste tipo de dispositivo de proteção de sistemas hidráulicos / Abstract: The evaluation of hydraulic transients is very important in the design of pipe networks. The determination of the maximum and minimum pressures is of great interest to the designer, so that he can size the pipes and/or design protection devices, with the objective of decrease head variations, that can decrease the instalation life. In this work, one of those devices was chosen for study, the air vessel, that protects the instalation against overpressures and underpressures, avoiding the interruption of the flow when the pumping system is turned off or when a valve closes too fast. The present work has the main objective of making charts and graphs of application for pre-sizing of air vessels to the mitigation of Waterhammer in pressure pipes by facilitating, in this way, the work of designers in choosing this type of protection of hydraulic systems / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos / Mestre em Engenharia Civil