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Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of mating disruption on the mating success of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L), in low-density populations. The gypsy moth is an insect pest of hardwood forests in many regions of the world. The discovery of the sex pheromone disparlure (cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane) produced by females marked the start of a new era in the control and management of gypsy moth populations. Sex pheromones, like disparlure, have been used for detecting new populations, monitoring the spread of populations and for population control based on the disruption of mating communication. Although mating disruption has been used against populations of insect pests in agricultural and forest systems, considerable information about the use of this method for managing gypsy moths is still lacking. Studies, therefore, were designed and carried out specifically to improve current understanding of the mechanism of mating success, to evaluate existing techniques for mating disruption, and to develop methods that would improve the application of pheromone used for mating disruption so as to reduce the costs associated with the use of this management tactic. The first study was conducted to compare the mating success and mortality of gypsy moth females in low-density populations in Virginia and Wisconsin because of differences, which have been observed in the population dynamics and the impact of management strategies between these two states. The results suggested that the higher rate of population spread in Wisconsin might be due to the increased mating success of females compared with Virginia, which may be due in part to increased long-distance dispersal of males and increased longevity of females. The effect of artificial pheromone applied at various doses and formulations on mating success in low-density gypsy moth populations also was studied. Dose-response relationships were obtained for pheromone doses ranging from 0.15 to 75 g a.i./ha. The doses of 37.5 and 15 g a.i./ha of pheromone were shown to effectively disrupt mating and, therefore, have been recommended for operational use. The results also showed that the disruption of mating and attraction of males to pheromone-baited traps as a result of application of pheromone formulated in plastic flakes (Disrupt® II, Hercon Environmental, Emigsville, PA) was stronger and lasted longer than for the pheromone formulated as microcapsule (3M Canada Co., London, Ontario, Canada) and in liquid (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Another study was carried out to improve the use and efficacy of the pheromone for mating disruption by reducing the amount of pheromone that was sprayed and the flight distance during aerial application. This study showed that in mountainous landscapes the effect of disparlure along the valley between mountains could be observed at a larger distance (633 ± 63 m) from the treated area than across the valley (104 ± 22m). In a relatively flat area, the effective distance for mating disruption was similar to the effective distance across the valley in a mountainous area (67 ± 17m). These dispersal characteristics of the pheromone provided further evidence that it could be used effectively in mating disruption treatments. Finally, a portable Electroantennogram (EAG) device was evaluated for its ability to detect disparlure sprayed for mating disruption in gypsy moth populations. The study found no relationship between the dose of artificial airborne pheromone and response of gypsy moth antenna as measured by the voltage ratio. The inability to detect differences between airborne pheromone concentrations in the plots treated for mating disruption might have been due to high variability among antennae and also by the inability of the EAG device to detect the low concentration of airborne pheromone used operationally for mating disruption. Further studies are required to improve the sensitivity of the portable EAG device before it can be recommended for use in the field. / Ph. D.

Bodies Degraded by Friction is a collection of poetry existing in finite spaces. The first section, “A Moment and a Moment and a Moment," attempts to capture in words small passages of time as simple as clicking through a Facebook photo album and as destructive as new love. The second section, “It’s Complicated," is a manuscript in progress detailing a year in the life of an “other woman" negotiating an interpersonal relationship role underrepresented in self-help books and mass media. Several themes run throughout the book: the consequences of the use of technology-mediated communication as digital isolationist mechanisms, the collisions of real/virtual identity and real/virtual place, disruption as a poetic device, and the idea that love is a fleeting and ultimately impermanent state. / Master of Fine Arts

The populations of aphidophagous insects in low-spray and conventional programs were surveyed in Virginia apple orchards. Two sampling methods were utilized;aphid colony collection and beating tray collection. The low-spray blocks employed the use of mating disruption for control of the key direct pests, codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus), and leafrollers. The abundance and diversity of aphid predators in low-spray mating disruption programs and conventionally controlled apple orchards was compared. Both sampling methods suggested that aphid predators were more plentiful in the mating disruption blocks. Several mating disruption blocks were found to accumulate significantly more predator-days and diversity than the matched control blocks. The reduction of insecticide input into the low-spray blocks may have allowed higher populations of aphidophagous insects to occur. Aphid populations in mating disruption blocks sometimes declined faster and had less resurgence than those in the conventionally controlled blocks. The tufted apple bud moth (TABM), Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), populations in four apple orchards in Winchester, Virginia, were compared for resistance to azinphosmethyl. These orchards were suspected by the growers to have resistant populations of TABM. Pheromone traps with insecticide incorporated into the adhesive were used to collect and test the moths. The results were not analyzed due to the low number of moths collected and high variability in mortality. / Master of Science

Background and aims: The individual’s experience of living with epilepsy is often neglected with the dominant focus being upon seizure control. However, the experience of living with epilepsy is more than the seizures. Epilepsy is an illness that is understood in many different ways and the narratives the person draws from will impact their own understanding, experience and management of the condition. Based upon this gap in the literature this study sought to hear the narratives of people diagnosed with epilepsy in adulthood as told to an outsider with the hope of developing understanding, informing clinical practice and improving support for people diagnosed with epilepsy in adulthood. Methodology: A qualitative approach was chosen for this project. A purposive sample of eight individuals diagnosed with epilepsy in adulthood was recruited. Individual interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed. Narrative analysis was used to analyse the transcripts with a focus upon both what was spoken about and how it was told. Analysis and findings: Each participant is introduced individually, presenting a ‘global impression’ of their narrative. This is followed by a consideration of the similarities and differences across all participants under the shared plots of stories of: onset; changes and challenges; and meanings of epilepsy. Within the shared plot of stories of onset are the storylines of ‘affirmation’ of self; ‘continuation’ of self; biographical disruption and searching for a cause. Within the changes and challenges shared plot there are storylines of: dependency; emotional expression; ‘I try to think positively’ and ‘It’s like talking about someone else.’ Within the final shared plot of meanings of epilepsy there are storylines of: something ‘normal’; something ‘all a bit scary’; something ‘people used to get locked up for’; a ‘hidden illness’ and ‘it’s not to be spoken about.’ The narratives show that having epilepsy is a journey that has different effects on people at different times of their lives and in different contexts. The findings are discussed in relation to clinical implications; strengths and limitations of the methodology and directions for future research.

Disruption innovation theory has been the zeitgeist for building globally disruptive tech companies since 1997. One decade later, disruptive tech start-ups are moving away from traditional marketing strategies in favour of growth hacking. There is a seemingly growing consensus by online tech experts, tech entrepreneurs, advisors and investors, that suggests that growth hacking is becoming increasingly important practice for disruption based tech start-ups. Furthermore, Sweden is becoming the Silicon Valley of the Nordics, producing more unicorns per capita than any other country in the world. This case study research is an investigation of the relevance and enactment of growth hacking by disruptive tech start-ups in Sweden. The main objective is to determine whether growth hacking is actually being used and how it is enacted by the start-ups. The goal is to explore how relevant this new term is, if it as popular as suggested in online literature and if so which growth hacks are being used. The study is conducted by carrying out a qualitative case study on five tech start-ups in Sweden: Fidesmo, a smart-chip payment system based on NFC technology that can be implanted into everyday objects such as watches, bracelets and cards, and that allows users to update and add new digital services as well as open doors or pay with a simple tap; TaskRunner, a geo-location based ‘help on demand’ platform that allows people to post ads for help with tasks while nearby task runners can bid to be hired to complete those tasks; Beleco, a unique marketplace for furniture rentals with a modern white-glove approach, that allows people to change or rent, rent-to-own or buy their furniture with the utmost ease; &frankly, a continuous tracking application software that helps create happier and productive workspaces by triggering and measuring engagement and surveys between employees and employers in a non-hierarchical manner; and Wunderino; a Malta-based online casino platform started by Swedish entrepreneurs with the goal of taking the traditional pressures associated with gambling away and replacing it with an element of fun and gaming. Empirical data collection consisted of the interviews and observational study of their innovation on their platform or website. The results were interpreted and contextualized within the disruption innovation theory framework. The results of the study reveal that growth hacking is relevant to disruptive tech start-ups, and is becoming increasingly important to them as their companies develop. Additionally the study reveals that growth hacking occurs organically within these start-up structures, already integrated into their marketing and strategy, without a separate or official definition of the practices. Additionally, growth hacking may have initially been seen as lower cost approach to marketing, however the research reveals that it is not lower cost if there isn’t someone who is highly technical on the founding team. Finally, the results reveal that growth hacking is not fully operationalized or defined as growth hacking to the extent of its popularity online and in popular texts, however it does lay on the horizon as a goal for tech start-ups.

La thèse porte sur les formes de management pertinentes de projets d’innovation à forte composante systémique, disruptive et digitale, et qui contribuent à la structuration d’un écosystème. En effet, ces types d’innovation deviennent historiquement de plus en plus nombreuses étant donnée la connexion croissante des objets/services/entreprises/pouvoirs publics et les nouvelles possibilités de business croisés qui en résultent. Les informations fournies par la littérature existante permettent aux gestionnaires de prendre des décisions stratégiques lorsque les règles du jeu sont définies par des acteurs connus, mais pas lorsque les acteurs et l'environnement sont progressivement définis. De nos jours, les responsables d'institutions privées et publiques doivent s'aligner sur des conditions internes et externes variables, des perspectives temporelles et un système de demande mal défini. Ils manquent de conseils sur la façon de procéder. Les questions de recherche émergeant d’enquêtes empiriques et théoriques sont les suivantes: 1. Comment un projet d’écosystème peut-il être géré? Existe-t-il un schéma spécifique et quelles sont les variables du pilotage de projet? 2. Quels sont les processus de pilotage les plus stratégiques pour la sélection de projets d'innovation liés à la structuration des écosystèmes? Quelles sont les variables organisationnelles et les variables médiatrices de la structuration écosystémique? 3. Quels sont les artefacts de gestion les plus adéquats pour soutenir le processus d'exploration dans le contexte d'un projet d'écosystème? Afin d’étudier les dynamiques à l’œuvre, et d’instrumenter leur pilotage, le travail de recherche porte sur le cas de la mobilité connectée, observée par la participation à trois projets, suivant les usages qui se définissent sous l’impulsion des OEMs, et sous les initiatives des usagers (véhicule autonome, connecté, électrique, partagé). Les projets choisis portent sur la diffusion de l’infrastructure de recharge rapide du véhicule électrique, la création d’un prototype de marketplace pour les données collectées par les véhicules, et le développement de services autour du véhicule autonome. Tous constituent un terrain particulièrement perturbé par le trend de connexion, obligeant à une reconfiguration des acteurs, de leurs politiques partenariales, leur business model (ex : Uber, Google Car…). D’où le besoin actuel de réactualisation des outils et des théories existantes en management de l’innovation.L’analyse des données collectées permets de répondre aux questions posées. Suite à l’Identification des management challenges spécifiques aux projets d’innovation systémique et disruptive, nous avons développé un cadre d’analyse et d’action intégrant les trois logiques théoriques sous-jacentes (platform leadership / systemic innovation, disruptive innovation / design driven innovation, digital business model). Nous avons identifié et caractérise une typologie de projet, le Proto-ecosystem project, qui permet aux acteurs la création de connaissances, compétences et liens qui participent à la structuration d’un écosystème. Nous avons identifié le processus-type par étape finalise’ à l’alignement des partenaires des projets observés et les artefacts plus performants dans cette démarche. Nous avons indiqué les limitations de cette recherche et les possibles évolutions pour l’avenir. / The thesis deals with the relevant forms of management of innovation projects with a strong systemic, disruptive and digital component, which contribute to the structuring of an ecosystem. Indeed, these types of innovation are becoming more and more numerous given the growing connection of objects / services / companies / public authorities and the resulting new cross-business opportunities.The insights provided by existing literature enable managers to perform strategic decision making when rules of the game are set among known actors, but not when the actors and the environment are progressively defined. Nowadays, managers from private and public institutions need to get aligned with variable internal, external conditions, time perspectives, and ill-defined demand system; they miss guidance on how proceeding with it. The research questions emerging from empirical and theoretical investigations are the following: 1. How can an ecosystem project be managed? Is there a specific pattern, and which are the variables of project steering? 2.Which are the most strategically performing steering processes for the selection of innovation projects related to ecosystem structuring? Which are the organizational variables and the mediating variables toward eco-systemic structuring? 3. Which are the more adequate management artefacts to support the exploration process in a context of ecosystem project?In order to study the dynamics at work, and to instrumentalise their management, the research work focuses on the case of connected mobility, observed through the participation in three projects, according to the uses defined by the impetus of OEMs, and under the initiatives of users (autonomous vehicle, connected, electric, shared). The projects chosen concern the diffusion of the fast charging infrastructure of the electric vehicle, the creation of a prototype marketplace for the data collected by the vehicles, and the development of services enabled by the autonomous vehicle. All of them constitute a terrain particularly disrupted by the trend of connection, forcing a reconfiguration of actors, their partnership policies, their business model (ex: Uber, Google Car ...). Hence the current need to update existing tools and theories in innovation management. The analysis of the data collected provides elements to answer the research questions. Following the identification of management challenges specific to systemic and disruptive innovation projects, we have developed a framework of analysis and action integrating the three underlying theoretical logic (platform leadership / systemic innovation, disruptive innovation / design driven innovation, digital business model). We have identified and characterized a project typology, the Proto-ecosystem project, which enables stakeholders to create the knowledge, skills and connections that contribute to the structuring of an ecosystem. We have identified the typical process by stage finalized to the alignment of the partners of the observed projects and the more efficient artifacts in this alignment process. We have indicated the limitations of this research and the possible future evolutions.

<p><a>Disruptive events during recent decades have highlighted the vulnerabilities of complex systems of systems to disruption propagation: </a>Disruptions that start in one part of a system and can propagate to other parts. Such examples include: Fire spreading in building complexes and forests; plant/crop diseases in agricultural production systems; propagating malware in computer networks and cyber-physical systems; and disruptions in supply networks. The impacts of disruption propagation are devastating, with fire causing annual US$23 billion loss in the US alone, plant diseases/crop reducing agricultural productivity 20% to 40% annually, and computer malware causing up to US$2.3 billion loss per event (as a conservative estimate). These problems, the response to disruption propagation (<a>RDP</a>) problems, are challenging due to the involvement of different problem aspects and their complex dynamics. To better design and control the responses to disruption propagation, a general framework and problem-solving guideline for the RDP problems is necessary.<br></p><p><br></p> <p> </p> <p>To address the aforementioned challenge, this research develops the Collaborative Response to Disruption Propagation (<a>CRDP</a>) unifying framework to classify, categorize, and characterize the different aspects of the RDP problems. The CRDP framework allows analogical reasoning across the different problem contexts, such as the examples mentioned above. Three main components applicable to the investigate RDP problems are identified and characterized: (1) The client system as the victims; (2) The response mechanisms as the rescuers/protectors; and (3) The disruption propagation as the aggressors/attackers. This allows further characterization of the complex interactions between the components, which augments the design and control decisions for the response mechanisms to better respond to the disruptions. The new Covering Lines of Collaboration (<a>CLOC</a>) principle, consisting of three guidelines, is developed to analyze the system state and guide the response decisions. The first CLOC guideline recommends the network modeling of potential disruption propagation directions, creating a complex network for better situation awareness and analysis. The second CLOC guideline recommends the analysis of the propagation-restraining effects due to the existence of the response mechanisms, and utilizing this interaction in optimizing response decisions. The third CLOC guideline recommends the development of collaboration protocols between the response decisions to maximize the coverage of response against disruption propagation.</p><p><br></p> <p> </p> <p>The CRDP framework and the CLOC principle are validated with three RDP case studies: (1) Detection of unknown disruptions; (2) Strategic prevention of unexpected disruptions; (3) Teaming and coordination of repair agents against recurring disruptions. Formulations, analytics, and protocols specific to each case are developed. TIE/CRDP, a new version of the Teamwork Integration Evaluator (<a>TIE</a>) software, is developed to simulate the complex interactions and dynamics of the CRDP components, the response decision protocols, and their performance. The evaluator is capable of simulating and evaluating the complex interactions and dynamics of the CRDP components and the response decision protocols. <a>Experiment results indicate that advanced CLOC-based decisions significantly outperform the baseline and less advanced protocols for all three cases, with performance superiority of 9.7-32.8% in case 1; 31.1%-56.6% in case 2; 2.1%-12.1% for teaming protocols, and at least 50% for team coordination protocols in case 3.</a></p>

Die subklinische Klauenrehe oder claw horn disruption (CHD) ist von großer wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung für die Rinderhaltung, da sie zu Lahmheiten, Beeinträchtigungen des Allgemeinbefindens sowie einer eingeschränkten Leistungsfähigkeit der Tiere führt. Trotz zahlreicher Untersuchungen sind die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen der CHD noch immer nicht vollständig geklärt. Die derzeitigen Hypothesen weisen auf eine Ischämie in den noch lebensfähigen Epidermisschichten infolge einer veränderten dermalen Mikrozirkulation. Diese hat pathophysiologische Veränderungen zur Folge, die eine Störung der epidermalen Zellproliferation, eine Schädigung der dermo-epidermalen Verbindung sowie eine veränderte Keratinisierung und Hornproduktion umfassen. Von Bedeutung sind daher In-vitro-Ischämiemodelle, um die epidermale Reaktionsmechanismen auf die pathologischen Veränderungen der Dermis zu untersuchen. Ziel in der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Etablierung eines In-vitro-Ischämiemodells auf der Grundlage boviner Keratinozyten aus der Klauenepidermis. Mithilfe dieses Modells sollten die zellulären Pathomechanismen infolge einer Ischämie, einer Hypoxie sowie eines Glukoseentzugs untersucht werden. Des Weiteren stand die Analyse des Differenzierungsverhaltens der Keratinozyten infolge ischämischer, hypoxischer und hypoglykämischer Konditionen im Mittelpunkt. Für die Etablierung des In-vitro-Ischämiemodells diente als Grundlage das oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-Modell, das die Untersuchung eines gleichzeitigen Sauerstoff- und Glukosemangels sowie lediglich einer Hypoxie und eines Glukoseentzugs bei bovinen Keratinozyten ermöglichte. Die Versuche wurden in eine Kurzzeitanalyse über 96 Stunden sowie eine Langzeitanalyse über drei Wochen geteilt. Nach erfolgter Exposition wurde die Zellviabilität mittels LDH(Lactatdehydrogenase)- und MTT(3-(4,5-Dimethylhiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromid)-Assay untersucht. Des Weiteren wurde das veränderte Differenzierungsverhalten der Keratinozyten infolge der veränderten Kultivierungsbedingungen mittels Western Blot-Analyse anhand der Involukrin- und Lorikrin-Expression untersucht. Die Keratinozyten zeigten infolge einer OGD nach kurzer Expositionsdauer die höchsten zytotoxischen Effekte, die von einer zeitabhängigen Abnahme der Zellviabilität sowie massiven morphologischen Veränderungen gefolgt wurde. Hypoxische Bedingungen bewirkten eine zeitabhängige Abnahme der Zellviabilität, die erst nach zweiwöchiger Inkubation die größte Zytotoxizität aufwies, sowie eine geringgradig veränderte Zellmorphologie bei Erhaltung des Zellverbands. Der Glukoseentzug bewirkte eine stark verminderte Zellviabilität sowie starke morphologische Zellveränderungen. In der Western Blot-Analyse konnte eine gesteigerte Involukrin- und Lorikrin-Expression infolge einer OGD, einer Hypoxie und eines Glukoseentzugs nachgewiesen werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte erstmalig ein auf bovinen Keratinozyten basierendes In-vitro-Ischämiemodell etabliert werden, das die Untersuchung zellulärer Mechanismen der Epidermis ermöglichte. Die OGD zeigte den stärksten Einfluss auf die Zellviabilität sowie eine veränderte Zelldifferenzierung der Keratinozyten, was die pathophysiologischen Veränderungen im Rahmen der CHD reflektiert. Die ebenfalls starken Zellveränderungen infolge eines Glukoseentzugs verdeutlichen die Rolle der Glukose im Zellmetabolismus der Keratinozyten. Solch ein epidermaler Glukosemangel ist in Verbindung mit der negativen Energiebilanz der Rinder im peripartalen Zeitraum denkbar. Die Ergebnisse infolge einer Hypoxie verweisen auf vielfältige Adaptationsmechanismen der Keratinozyten an hypoxische Bedingungen, denen sie in der Epidermis in vivo während der Zelldifferenzierung ausgesetzt werden. Damit besitzt das In-vitro-Ischämiemodell ein großes Potenzial für den Einsatz in der Klauenreheforschung, um einerseits die mit einer Ischämie einhergehenden pathologischen Veränderungen der CHD untersuchen zu können. Andererseits liefert das Modell wertvolle Informationen zu den physiologischen Grundlagenmechanismen der Epidermis, die mit der Zelldifferenzierung einhergehen. / The subclinical laminitis or claw horn disruption (CHD) is of great economic importance in the dairy industry as it causes lameness, poor general condition and reduced performance. Despite extensive research efforts, the pathomechanism of CHD remains widely unclear. The current hypotheses on CHD pathogenesis include ischemic alterations of the epidermal keratinocytes resulting from an impaired blood supply. This causes an alteration of cell proliferation, a dermo-epidermal separation and an impaired keratinization and horn production. Therefore, in vitro ischemia models are of critical importance in clarification of the epidermal responses to an altered microcirculation. The aim of this study was the establishment of an in vitro ischemia model based on bovine claw keratinocytes. This in vitro model should enable the investigation of cellular pathomechanisms following exposure to ischemia, hypoxia and glucose deprivation. An additional aim was the analysis of the differentiation pattern of keratinocytes under ischemic, hypoxic and hypoglycaemic conditions. To establish the in vitro ischemia model, the keratinocytes were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). In addition, this model allowed the parallel examination of hypoxic and hypoglycaemic conditions on bovine claw keratinocytes. The experiments were divided into a short-term analysis over 96h and a long-term analysis over three weeks. Measurement of cell viability was performed by LDH(lactatedehydrogenase) and MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetra- zolium bromide) assays. Furthermore, the differentiation pattern of the keratinocytes after exposure to ischemia, hypoxia and glucose deprivation was detected by western blot analysis of the focus on expression of involucrin and loricrin. The highest cytotoxic effect was measured after short exposure to OGD followed by a time-dependent decrease of cell viability and extensive morphological changes of the keratinocytes. Hypoxic conditions lead to a time-dependent decrease of cell viability with the highest cytotoxicity after two weeks. The keratinocytes showed slight changes in cell morphology while maintaining a confluent cell layer. Exposure of keratinocytes to glucose deprivation showed a high decrease of cell viability and strong morphological changes. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed an altered expression pattern with increased involucrin and loricrin levels after exposure to OGD, hypoxia and glucose deprivation. The present study established for the first time an in vitro ischemia model based on bovine claw keratinocytes to study the cellular mechanisms of the epidermis. After exposure to OGD, keratinocytes showed the highest loss in cell viability and an altered cell differentiation. This reflects the pathophysiological changes following epidermal ischemia occurring during the pathogenesis of CHD. The massive cellular alterations after glucose deprivation provide good evidence for the importance of glucose in the cellular metabolism of keratinocytes. An epidermal glucose deficiency may occur in combination with a negative energy balance during peripartal period in cattle. The results of hypoxia show the different adaptive mechanisms of keratinocytes to hypoxic conditions which are present in the epidermis during cell differentiation. Thus, the in vitro ischemia model has a great potential for use in research into CHD pathogenesis and pathomechanisms associated with ischemia. On one side, it is possible to investigate the pathological changes following ischemia during CHD. On the other side, the model offers useful information on physiological response mechanisms of the epidermis that correlate with cell differentiation.

På avdelningen DM (dieselmotor) på Scania bearbetas de olika typer av motorblock som Scania använder i sina lastbilar. De använder sig av ett störningsdatasystem med syfte att kunna ha störningsfria produktionslinor utav de inrapporterade störningarna. Trots den stora mängden av data som finns i systemet utnyttjas inte de på ett effektivt sätt i störningsanalysen. Uppgiften i examensarbetet är att kartlägga nuvarande metoder för störningsanalys som används på Scania motorbearbetning. Syftet med detta är att hjälpa DM-avdelningen att kunna använda sig av störningsdata på ett bättre sätt. Projektets resultat pekar mot tre slutsatser. Rapporteringssystemet är krånglig och svår för operatörerna att göra vilket är på grund av de olika rapporteringsnivåerna vid rapportering av en störning. Rapporteringen tar onödig tid med tanken på att operatören har många andra arbetsuppgifter. Visa störnings data kategorier tas bort från analysen för att man inte visste hur de kan utnyttjas. Förbättrings förslag till tidigare nämnda situationer blev att utveckla rapporteringssystemet med en sökfunktion. Operatörerna ska kunna rapportera störningar med arbetes mobiltelefoner därmed ska varje maskin ha sin egen QR-code. Störningsdata under kategorien “Fullt Fram” ska analyseras för långa perioder vilket kan hjälpa med utvecklingen av produktionslinan. / The DM (diesel engine) department at Scania processes the different types of engines blocks that Scania uses in its trucks. They use a fault-free computer system with the aim of being able to have disturbance-free production lines of reported disturbances. Despite the large amount of data contained in the system, it is not well utilized in the disturbance analysis. The task in the thesis is to map current methods for disturbance analysis used at Scania engine processing. The purpose of this is to help the DM department to be able to use the disturbance data in a better way. The results of the project point to three conclusions. The reporting system is complicated and difficult for operators to do, which is due to the different reporting levels when reporting a disturbance. Reporting takes unnecessary time with the idea that the operator has many other tasks. Some disturbance data categories are removed from the analysis because you did not know how to exploit them. The improvement of the situations was to develop the reporting system with a search function. The operators should be able to report disturbances with work mobile phones, so each machine should have its own QR-code. The disturbance data below the category “Full Forward” should be analyzed for long periods, which can help with the development of the production line.