Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e de revisão da literatura cujo objetivo foi a elaboração de materiais informativos para os participantes de projetos de pesquisa clínica, seus familiares e médicos assistenciais, tais como Orientações ao Participante, Orientações sobre Pesquisa Clínica para Familiares, Comunicação de Inclusão em Pesquisa ao Médico Assistente, Comunicação de Encerramento de Participação em Pesquisa, Comunicação de Encerramento de Participação em Pesquisa para o Médico Assistente. Para embasar a elaboração destes materiais foram realizadas entrevistas semi-abertas sobre as percepções de pacientes participantes em um protocolo de pesquisa em Oncologia. Estas informações foram cotejadas com as vivências da aluna, que atuava como coordenadora de estudos clínicos. / It is a qualitative study and literature review whose objective was the elaboration of informational materials for the participants of clinical research projects, their families and care physicians, such as Participant Guidelines, Guidelines on Clinical Research for Families, Communication of Inclusion in Research for the Assistant Physician, Communication of Termination of Participation in Research, Communication of Termination of Participation in Research for the Assistant Physician. To support the preparation of these materials, semi-open interviews were carried out on the perceptions of patients participating in a research protocol in Oncology. This information was compared with the experiences of the student, who acted as coordinator of clinical studies.

Orientador: Rui Seabra Ferreira Junior / Resumo: Os patrocinadores de pesquisas clínicas necessitam de um grande cuidado no recrutamento de participantes da pesquisa, em razão de seu estado de vulnerabilidade neste cenário. Neste sentido, os pesquisadores devem seguir aspectos fundamentais na condução dos protocolos de pesquisa como seguimento dos padrões nacionais e internacionais de boas práticas clínicas em pesquisa (BPCs). A comunicação de novas pesquisas utiliza de grandes veículos bem como propaganda direcionada para o recrutamento de voluntários ou sujeitos de pesquisa. O conhecimento e desenvolvimento de estratégias adequadas de recrutamento promovem melhor desempenho nas inclusões dos estudos clínicos, possibilitando ganho de tempo e dinheiro pelos patrocinadores do estudo, bem como, maior probabilidade de participação destes pacientes. Apesar disto, questões éticas e que protejam os pacientes são de extrema importância para se evitar a exploração destas pessoas que muitas vezes são humildes e de baixa renda. No Brasil, a resolução nº 251 de 1997 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde – Ministério da Saúde destaca a necessidade de descrever claramente as formas de recrutamento. A Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (Conep), em seu Manual Operacional para Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP), apresenta entre vários pontos, a avaliação da vulnerabilidade dos participantes de pesquisa, a garantia de liberdade de decisão à participação, a necessidade do desenho científico claro apresentando susceptibilidade aos riscos e possib... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Clinical research sponsors need great care in recruiting research participants because of their vulnerability in this scenario. Researchers should follow key aspects for the smooth conduct of research protocols as a follow-up of national and international standards of good clinical practice in research (GCPR). The communication of new researches uses large vehicles as well as targeted advertising for the recruitment of volunteers or research subjects. The knowledge and development of adequate strategies promote better performance in the inclusion of clinical studies, improvement save time and money on the sponsors of study, as well as a higher probability of participation in these patients. Despite this, ethical issues and patient protection are of the utmost importance to avoid the exploitation of these people who are often humble and low-income. In Brazil, Resolution No. 251 of 1997 of the Health National Council - Ministry of Health highlights the need to describe clearly the forms of recruitment. The National Commission for Research Ethics (Conep), in its Operational Manual for Research Ethics Committees (CEP), presents, among several points, the evaluation of the vulnerability of research subjects, the guarantee of freedom of decision to participation, the need of the clear scientific design presenting susceptibility to the risks and possibility of benefits and feasibility of the execution of the protocol. Guideline - guide, is a set of statements, directions or principl... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The Swedish television series “Kalifat” premiered on January 12th, 2020 and quickly became heavily debated in the Swedish media for its portrayal of Islam and Muslim people. The aim of this research is to study the arguments and attitudes found in this debate and relate them to the theoretical framework of media dissemination and mediatization. The theoretical perspectives creating the foundation for this study is the formative, reflexive and representative media dissemination as presented by Hodkinson (2017). The mediatization theory will also be used to situate the debate and the series itself within a broader context. The empirical material used in this study consists of 10 Swedish debate articles published between January 19th and February 18th 2020.  A qualitative argumentation analysis has been used to identify the attitudes and arguments in the debate. In addition, these have been coded, categorized and structured in accordance with a systematic text condensation. The analysis shows that there are both positive and negative attitudes towards the series, with most of the arguments in the debate conveying a negative attitude towards the series and its portrayal of Muslims and Islam. These arguments are mainly related to stereotypification, prejudices and negative representation. Arguments related to a more positive attitude towards “Kalifat” is connected to the journalists view of what the series is trying to impart upon the audience, and its realistic representation of an important topic in society.   In relation to the three concepts of media dissemination the study has concluded that the different arguments relate to the interconnectedness of media and religion. The study shows that most of the arguments put forward can be understood in this context by implementing the understanding of media as conduits, language and environments. The study also concludes that both the debate and the series itself can be interpreted and understood in relation to all these media functions. The results found in the study also correlate with previous research on the subject.

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The scientist-practitioner model underscores the importance of effectively translating research into practice. However, family science research can be difficult for professionals and lay people alike to understand due to the use of scientific jargon. To narrow the gap between research publication and practice, the Military REACH team produced an eight-step process to create a dictionary of terms relevant to research and the military. This dictionary aids Military REACH’s target audiences (i.e., military families, helping professionals, and military leadership and policy makers) in comprehending complex terminology and, therefore, facilitates the understanding and implementation of research. To date, over 220 terms have been included in this online dictionary. Application of the eight-step method will also be discussed to facilitate the adaptation for other online dictionaries.

[pt] Um dos principais desafios em redes de sensores sem fio (RSSF) é reduzir o consumo de energia dos nós sensores. Um método usado para economizar a bateria que alimenta os nós sensores é o duty cycling (DC) do rádio, onde o rádio fica desligado na maior parte do tempo e fica ligado por pouco tempo para verificar se existe alguma mensagem. O DC é usado com frequência em aplicações de monitoramento onde apenas uma mensagem é transmitida depois da leitura do sensor. Geralmente a leitura do sensor só volta a acontecer depois de minutos, logo poucas mensagens são transmitidas por unidade de tempo. Neste trabalho, analisamos o uso da técnica de DC em um contexto diferente, o da disseminação de código, onde várias mensagens são enviadas em um curto espaço de tempo, e que usa mensagens broadcast, ao contrário do monitoramento, que utiliza mensagens unicast. Analisamos dois algoritmos de disseminação específicos, um para um ambiente de máquinas virtuais executando nos motes, onde o código disseminado é um script com tamanho da ordem de bytes, e outro para disseminação de códigos da aplicação inteira, onde o tamanho é bem maior que no caso do script, da ordem de kbytes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar qual o impacto do DC na latência e quanto de energia foi economizado quando comparado a deixar o rádio ligado o tempo todo, que é como ambos algoritmos funcionam em sua forma original. / [en] One of the key challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is to save energy at motes. One method to save battery is radio duty cycling (DC), which keeps the radio turned off in most of the time and turns the radio on for a short time to verify if any there are any messages. DC is frequently used in monitoring applications where only one message is transmitted after the mote reads its sensor. Usually the mote reads its sensor only once every few minutes, so few unicast messages are transmitted in the network per time unit. This work analyzes the use of the DC method in code dissemination. In this context, multiple broadcast messages are transmitted in a short time. We examined two specific dissemination algorithms, one of them proposed for a virtual machine environment, in which the disseminated code is a small script, and a second one originally proposed for disseminating the code of an entire application, typically much larger than a script. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of DC on latency and how much energy was saved when compared to leaving the radio on all the time, which is how both algorithms work in their original form.

The health sector is today facing many challenges, requiring a need for capabilities in managing innovations. At Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden, the management of some of the innovations has been centralized to the Innovation Center. The Innovation Center can be involved in all phases of an innovation process, but have identified difficulties to deal with innovations that have already been successfully implemented. Further implementation of these innovations to other hospital units, creates benefits for more patients and care givers, and is therefore of high importance. Therefore, managing innovations also includes making sure that successfully implemented innovations are spread to other clinics in the hospital, a phenomenon hereby called dissemination of innovations. Studies show that many innovations, even though they are successfully implemented at one location, disseminate slowly, or not at all. In fact, two out of three implementation efforts in the health care sector fail due to various barriers. The purpose of this master thesis is therefore to explore how dissemination of innovations can be facilitated at university hospitals in public health care systems. By dissemination we refer to the intentional spreading of innovations to other hospital units, or repeated implementations following the initial implementation target. Therefore, dissemination is targeted by studying the dynamics of implementation processes through the following research question: How do organizational factors affect the implementation of innovations at public university hospitals? By organizational factors we mean general areas that can be influenced by central management functions, such as: funding, leadership and culture.   The research question has been studied qualitatively through a literature study, a contextual study and three case studies. The cases consist of three innovation projects managed by the Innovation Center that have undergone some sort of dissemination. The empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with both administrative and clinical staff. The data has been structured and analyzed using a theoretical framework developed from findings in previous research. In accordance to previous research, our results indicate that various organizational factors affect the dissemination of innovations. For instance, the complex and unstandardized way of getting funding to dissemination projects are impeding the process. Also, it needs to be clearly established who is to assume responsibility of an innovation, both during its initial implementation process as well as its dissemination. Resistance from clinicians may also function as a barrier and is caused by, for instance, a lack of information about the innovation or bad experiences from earlier failed projects. Additionally, if innovations do not meet identified and prioritized needs at the clinic, or if it is not properly adapted to local conditions and requirements, this may also impede the implementation. To properly involve clinicians is therefore of high significance in order to enable a successful implementation. Finally, rigid structures affect implementation negatively. These are built up by, for instance: extensive use of, and sometimes contradicting, policies and regulations; high administrative requirements as well as an organizational structure that separates medical disciplines. This inertia, together with sparse time allocated for innovation activities among the clinics, leads to difficulties when implementing and disseminating innovations in the hospital.

This work studied the information flow and information handling among different parties. The study focused on how educational materials on national tests from The Swedish National Agency for Education is managed by school principals and teachers and how the information is passed on to students. The data material was based on observations and interviews at two different high schools. Six teachers and their classes and principals participated in the study. The Agency was also interviewed. The results showed that opinions on the role of the national test varies between different teachers and the Agency. The study also showed that the dissemination of information in the schools is inadequate, information documents do not reach their target audience, and those who have access to the information do not read enough. This is partly due to lack of follow-up from the responsibles at the schools, but also teachers who do not seek out information that is available themselves. These shortcomings result in teachers carrying out national tests with their classes without being properly briefed, which could have consequences for both the students and the entire test system.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that induces severe inflammation resulting in gastroenteritis. In the case of S. Typhimurium infection, induction of an inflammatory response has been linked to its primary virulence mechanism, the type III secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS secretes protein effectors that exploit the host’s cell biology to facilitate bacterial entry and intracellular survival, and to modulate the host immune response. One such effector, SifA, is a bi-functional T3SS effector protein that plays an important role in Salmonella virulence. The N-terminal domain of SifA binds SifA-Kinesin-Interacting-Protein (SKIP), and via an interaction with kinesin, forms tubular membrane extensions called Sif filaments (Sifs) that emanate from the Salmonella Containing Vacuole (SCV). The C-terminal domain of SifA harbors a WxxxE motif that functions to mimic active host cell GTPases. Taken together, SifA functions in inducing endosomal tubulation in order to maintain the integrity of the SCV and promote bacterial dissemination. Since SifA performs multiple, unrelated functions, the objective of this study was to determine how each functional domain of SifA becomes processed. In the present study, we demonstrate that a linker region containing a caspase-3 cleavage motif separates the two functional domains of SifA. To test the hypothesis that processing of SifA by caspase-3 at this particular site is required for function and proper localization of the effector protein domains, we developed two tracking methods to analyze the intracellular localization of SifA. We first adapted a fluorescent tag called phiLOV that allowed for T3SS mediated delivery of SifA and observation of its intracellular colocalization with caspase-3. Additionally, we created a dual-tagging strategy that permitted tracking of each of the SifA functional domains following caspase-3 cleavage to different subcellular locations. The results of this study reveal that caspase-3 cleavage of SifA is required for the proper localization of functional domains and bacterial dissemination. Considering the importance of these events in Salmonella pathogenesis, we conclude that caspase-3 cleavage of effector proteins is a more broadly applicable effector processing mechanism utilized by Salmonella to invade and persist during infection.