Previous research has established coaches' important role in developing elite athletes (Durand, Bush, Thomson & Salmela 1996). Athlete enhancement and assisting athletes achieve “peak performance” has been a major objective for elite coaches as well as sports scientists (Williams & Kendall, 2007) Despite this common goal, research also question whether sports scientists and the research they pursue really effects coaches knowledge and constitute a foundation for today and tomorrows athletic performances (Bishop 2008).  This study examined elite coaches’ needs and use of sport science research as well as the interaction between elite coaches and sport scientists. Following interviews of ten elite coaches, content analysis revealed that sport science is both a formal and informal resource of knowledge for coaches. Development of athletes is seen as the main objective of research retrieval and personal and/or direct contact with the sport scientist is considered to be the best way to assemble. Sport science research effects coaches daily work both directly and indirectly and coaches’ educational standards seem to be the key for successful research implementation. A successful interaction consists of decreasing the physical distance, mutual responsibility for contact seeking, commonly enunciation of relevant research issues and usage of different uniting links.

M.Bibl. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M. Inf. / It has become increasingly difficult for end-users to locate, select and organise information published via the World Wide Web. This is largely due to the scattered nature of the Web and its ever-increasing use as publishing infrastructure. More scholarly information is also being published in multimedia format through the Web. Throughout the years, current awareness services and later Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) have provided the means for scholars to keep abreast of the literature in print sources. Today such information is also published via the Web, hence scholars need to have a mechanism to keep abreast of the information published in digital format. Research was conducted to investigate guidelines scholars could use to stay abreast of new Web content. The investigation employed both a literature survey and an empirical method of collecting research data. The literature survey was conducted to establish trends in current awareness services and SDI, the use of the Web for disseminating and retrieving digital information, the impact of the Web on the scholarly communication process and current methods for keeping up to date with Web content. Empirical research in the form of structured interviews was executed to establish the needs of scholars regarding the spectrum of current awareness services that provide Web-based sources. The findings obtained from structured interviews and by means of the literature survey were used to develop a set of guidelines scholars could use to stay abreast of information published via the Web.

Brochures are often used to disseminate information to disadvantaged communities. This study attempts to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of information brochures developed by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) for development communication among developing communities on guidelines on how to grow Bambara groundnut and the cultivation of maize in a South African development context. The main objectives of the study were to establish the target audience’s comprehension, usability and effectiveness of the selected pamphlets. The study also attempted to examine the influence of the demographic and socio-economic factors on the effective communication of information. Usability here refers to the extent to which communication materials such as information pamphlets can be used by specific users to achieve specific goals namely effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context. This study’s main focus is on the distinguishing characteristics of reader focus text evaluation method as outlined in Schriver (1989). Reader focus text evaluation method was used to evaluate the usability of pamphlets in the research conducted among small-scale farmers of Tibane and Kordon at Ga-Matlala district in the Limpopo Province The two pamphlets were evaluated with the intention to establish whether the users understood the contents and whether the message was effectively communicated or not. The findings of the study indicate that the information disseminated by the ARC agricultural pamphlets is not effectively communicated because of the language and the arrangement of pictures or frames used in the pamphlets, which confused most illiterate participants. This ineffective dissemination of development information in rural communities needs to be revised to ensure its effectiveness. / Dissertation (MA (Development Communication))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Information Science / MA / unrestricted

Les travaux réalisés dans cette thèse traitent de l'optimisation des échanges dans les réseaux véhiculaires sans fil en mode sans infrastructure Ad Hoc (VANETs). Les VANETs sont une partie des systèmes de transports intelligents (STIs).Ces derniers essaient de répondre à la question de comment équiper les véhicules de systèmes de communications sans fil pour éviter les accidents, mieux gérer les embouteillages et avoir des.impacts économiques, énergétiques et environnementaux positifs. Les VANETs utilisent les équipements mis en place dans les véhicules par les STI pour assurer des communications sans fil autonomes (IEEE 802.11p, 3G, LTE, etc) entre les véhicules ou entre les véhicules et les infrastructures fixes. Avec de tels mécanismes de communication, un véhicule peut échanger des informations avec ses voisins proches à un saut ou loin à deux sauts et plus grâce à la technique de relayage des messages de la source à la destination à travers les véhicules intermédiaires. Afin d'assurer un cheminement optimal de ces messages, des protocoles de routage existent. Dans ce travail, nous proposons un nouveau concept de routage de type géocast pour lequel la littérature ne répond pas. Le routage géocast dans la littérature permettant d'acheminer un message d'un véhicule source unique vers tous les véhicules situés dans une zone de destination géographique bien définie, nous avons proposée de scinder cette zone de destination en plusieurs sous-zones géographiques. La solution que nous avons proposé est le protocole GeoSUZ qui permet d'optimiser les échanges dans le contexte de routage géocast multi-zones de destination. / Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). These letter attempt to answer the question of how to equip vehicles with wireless communication means to avoid accidents, better manage congestion and have positive impact on economics, energy and environment. Indeed, with wireless communication mechanisms such as IEEE 802.11p, a vehicle may exchange information with its near neighbors at one hop or at two furthur hops trhough relaying messages technique across intermediate vehicles. Some of these messages may cover vehicles wich are in a defined geographical area and spread throughout the network will consume bandwidth and penalize other vehicles. This is the case for information on the road trafic, for example. In the latter case, routing protocols said Geocast are used for the dissemination of these messages. The protocols are used to route a message from a unique source to multiple destination vehicles locked in the same geographic area. In this thesis, we considered the case where we have several geographic areas of interest and have proposed a new Geocast routing mechanism, called GeoSUZ, for conveying a message optimally between a source and multiple destination areas. An optimized broadcasting mechanism within an area is also combined with GeoSUZ algorithm to ensure end-to-end routing with minimal overhead.

Un énoncé est de plus en plus présent aujourd’hui dans le discours de la communauté de la danse : celui de « corps disponible ». Dans une perspective transmissive de la fabrication du danseur, sous cette expression transparaît l’idée que le corps performant en danse n’est plus un corps adapté aux réquisits artistiques d’une danse codifiée mais un corps dont l’adaptation résiderait paradoxalement en sa très grande plasticité tant esthétique que physique. Qu’est-ce que cette nouvelle conception du corps de la danse peut-elle entraîner sur la transmission chorégraphique – et au-delà – dans la société néolibérale actuelle ? L’étude porte d’abord sur le contexte d’émergence et d’imposition de l’idée de corps disponible. Cette exploration poussée de la construction du corps de la danse au 20e siècle nous apprend qu’il existe un lien entre la production culturelle corps disponible et une certaine idée de la liberté. Quelle est, alors, la signification effective de cette expression ? Afin de répondre à cette interrogation, le second pan de l’étude consiste en une ethnographie de près de deux années auprès de compagnies en création. L’observation de l’usage du corps qui y est fait, en travail, entre danseurs et chorégraphes, nous renseigne sur ce savoir-pratique corps disponible :il sert aux danseurs et aux chorégraphes pour produire de nouvelles corporéités. Plus précisément, y est examinée la manière dont la disponibilité du corps s’actualise dans le quotidien de la création en danse en mettant à l’épreuve l’hypothèse selon laquelle le corps considéré comme disponible dans le champ professionnel n’est jamais dissocié de la notion bourdieusienne de disposition. Il s’agira ainsi d’examiner comment s’ajustent disponibilités et dispositions pour rendre intelligible ce savoir corps disponible. Le dernier pan de notre étude sera consacré à l’expansion de ce savoir : Comment les danseurs emploient ce savoir corps disponible dans le métier ? Et comment ce savoir diffuse dans d’autres espaces de pratique ? / Very often nowadays, the dance community addresses the following formulation: «available body». Taking an overall look of the transmission process of the making of a dancer, it is suggested that in dance a well rounded performing body is not a body customized to artistic requirements for a codified dance anymore, but a body whose adaptation would paradoxically lie in both esthetic and physical great plasticity. What can this new dance body concept induce on choreographic transmission – and beyond - on today's neoliberal society? The study first examines the context of the emergence and enforcement of the available body idea. This thorough investigation on the construction of a dance body in the 20th century reveals that there is a connection between the available body cultural production and a certain idea of freedom. What is then the actual meaning of this term? In order to answer this question, the second part of the study involves an almost two year ethnography undertaken with companies creating new work. The observation of the use of the body in work context, between dancers and choreographers, provides information on this knowledge-practice available body: it is used by the dancers and choreographers to develop new corporealities. More specifically, the way the availability of the body is brought up to date in the daily creative work process in dance is examined, testing the hypothesis that the body regarded as available within the professional field is never isolated from the Bourdieusian disposition concept. We will thus discuss how do availabilities and dispositions adjust themselves so that to make intelligible this available body knowledge. The last phase of our study will be devoted to the development of this knowledge: How do dancers use this available body knowledge in the profession? And how does this knowledge disseminate to other areas of practice?

The high prevalence of back and neck pain results in enormous social, psychological, and economic burden. Most seeking help for back or neck pain consult general practitioners or chiropractors. Chiropractic is a regulated health profession (serving approximately 10 – 15% of the population) that has contributed to the health and well-being of North Americans for over a century. Despite available evidence for optimal management of back and neck pain, poor adherences to guidelines and wide variations in services have been noted. For instance, overuse and misuse of imaging services have been reported in the chiropractic literature. Inappropriate use of spine imaging has a number of potential adverse outcomes, including inefficient and potentially inappropriate invasive diagnosis and subsequent treatment, and unnecessary patient exposure to ionizing radiation. Although evidence-based diagnostic imaging guidelines for spinal disorders are available, chiropractors are divided on whether these guidelines apply to them. While guidelines can encourage practitioners to conform to best practices and lead to improvements in care, reviews have demonstrated that dissemination of guidelines alone is rarely sufficient to optimise care. Evidence regarding effective methods to promote the uptake of guidelines is still lacking. There is growing acceptance that problem analysis and development of interventions to change practice should be guided by relevant theories and tailored to the target audience. To date, very little knowledge translation research has addressed research-practice gaps in chiropractic. This thesis reports rigorous methods to: (1) assess practice and providers’ characteristics, (2) determine baseline rates and variations in spine x-ray ordering, (3) evaluate the impact of disseminating guidelines to optimise spine x-ray ordering, and (4) assess determinants of spine x-ray ordering and potential targets for change prior to the design of a tailored intervention. A mixed method using two disciplinary perspectives (epidemiology and psychology) was undertaken. A cross-sectional analysis of administrative claims data was carried out on a sample of chiropractors enlisted in a large American provider network. Despite available clinical practice guidelines, wide geographical variations in x-ray use persist. Higher x-ray ordering rates were associated with practice location (Midwest and South US census regions), setting (urban, suburban), chiropractic school attended, male provider, employment, and years in practice. The impact of web-based guideline dissemination was evaluated over a five year period using interrupted time series and demonstrated a stepwise relative reduction of 5.3% in the use of x-rays. Passive guidelines dissemination appeared to be a simple, cost effective strategy in this setting to improve but not optimise x-ray ordering rates. Focus groups using the theoretical domains framework were conducted among Canadian and US chiropractors to explore their beliefs about managing back pain without x-rays. Findings were used to develop a theory-based survey to identify theoretical constructs predicting spine x-ray ordering practice. Psychological theories and theoretical constructs explained a significant portion of the variance in both behavioural simulation and intention. Results from this thesis provide an empirically-supported, theoretical basis to design quality improvement strategies to increase guidelines adherence and promote behaviour change in chiropractic. Other researchers interested in improving uptake of evidenced-based information could use this method in their own setting to investigate determinants of behaviour among other professional groups. Future research may use knowledge gained to inform the development and evaluation of a theory-based tailored intervention to improve guideline adherence and reduce the use of spine x-rays among targeted providers.

Orientadores: Germana Fernandes Barata, Cristiane Pereira Dias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T16:50:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LidiaRogattoe_M.pdf: 3298884 bytes, checksum: afce3b8949c88f984b267f753b216576 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado investiga o gênero da divulgação científica para crianças tendo como recorte (corpus) livros de astronomia. Temos como objetivo construir uma análise comparativa acerca das condições de produção de seis títulos, seus gestos de leitura e efeitos. Para tanto, consideramos primeiramente o gênero (e subgênero) ao qual pertencem, salientando sua linguagem, normas e finalidades específicas, sem contudo admitir que exista uma única (e unívoca) divulgação científica. Em seguida, fazemos uma rápida incursão ao âmbito da astronomia, a fim de melhor delinearmos a influência e presença dessa área do saber no dia-a-dia contemporâneo, em especial na literatura. Como pretendemos demonstrar, esta é uma área que flui tanto no imaginário popular quanto na objetividade de pesquisas e investimentos em Ciência e Tecnologia. Finalmente, no terceiro e último capítulo descrevemos os livros selecionados a partir de três prismas: os funcionamentos pedagógico, lúdico e poético/artístico. Com esta pesquisa, gostaríamos de oferecer uma visão crítica das múltiplas maneiras pelas quais o cosmos figura hoje em livros de divulgação científica para o leitor infantil. Assim, esperamos proporcionar uma leitura que revele que, ao abrir um livro, uma criança pode conhecer o céu não apenas com termos científicos e dados numéricos, mas também com um discurso ¿ i.e. um efeito de sentido entre locutores ¿ que alimenta dúvidas, sonhos e profundo fascínio pelo universo / Abstract: This Master¿s thesis investigates the dissemination of scientific knowledge for children as a genre, with Astronomy books as our corpus. The aim of this research is to provide a comparative analysis concerning the production conditions of six titles, its reading gestures and effects. In order to do so, we firstly consider the genre (and subgenre) to which the books belong, pointing out its language, norms and specific purposes, without admitting that there is a single (and unanimous) dissemination of scientific knowledge. Subsequently, we engage in a fast incursion through the field of Astronomy, in order to understand its influence and presence in the contemporary daily routine, especially in literature. Our purpose is to show that this field of knowledge flows both in the popular (folk) imagination and in the objectivity of researches and investments in Science and Technology. Finally, in the third and last chapter we describe the selected books from three prisms: the pedagogical, recreational and poetical functioning. With this research, we would like to offer a critical view of the multiple manners in which the cosmos is presented in books for children. Thus, we hope to provide an interpretation that reveals that a child opening a book can get to know the universe not only via scientific terms and data, but also with a discourse ¿ i.e. an effect between speakers ¿ that cherish doubts, dreams and a profound fascination for the universe / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestra em Divulgação Científica e Cultural

Orientador: Salvador Antonio Mireles Sandoval / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T02:31:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azevedo_MariaElizabethde_D.pdf: 8924919 bytes, checksum: 64455cbb1d1657bb59abc217dded59f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Trata-se de pesquisa interdisciplinar na área de Políticas Públicas, Educação e Informação, cujo objetivo principal foi pesquisar como o Poder Executivo atua na organização e disseminação da informação para/sobre a educação sob o princípio da democratização da informação. O estudo foi feito através da metodologia, a saber: fundamentação teórica da reforma da administração pública brasileira em seus objetivos de fortalecer a administração pública e de melhor atender ao cidadão; levantamento das bases conceituais para o entendimento de informação pública e Informação Governamental para e sobre a Educação; a questão do direito à informação e o resultado da luta pela democratização da informação pública; a interpretação das políticas públicas e a articulação das políticas sociais com seu impacto na organização dos conteúdos a serem disseminados nos portais educacionais do governo; o estudo das fontes governamentais de informação educacional e suas contribuições para a edificação de um Sistema Nacional de Educação; a avaliação das informações produzidas e disseminadas pelas Secretarias Estaduais de Educação em seus portais na Internet. As contribuições das Ciências Sociais mostraram-se úteis na escolha de um modelo teórico e colocar os desafios da investigação quanto à lógica da democratização, organização e disseminação da Informação Governamental para e sobre a Educação. Conclui-se que os portais das Secretarias Estaduais de Educação, podem contribuir para o entendimento e compreensão da organização da educação nacional, para a democratização da informação governamental e fortalecimento do relacionamento do governo com os cidadãos / Abstract: This is an interdisciplinary research in the area of Public Policy, Education and Information with the main objective of researching how the Public Administration acts in the organization and diffusion of information for and about education under the principle of the information democratization. This investigation was performed through de methodology, that is, theoretical substantiation of the Brazilian public administration reform with its objectives of strengthening the public administration and offering a better service for the citizen; collecting conceptual basis for the understanding of the public information and Governmental Information for and about Education; the issue of the right to information and the results of the struggle for the democratization of public information; the analysis of public policies and the social policies interfaces with their impact in the organization of contents to be diffused in the government education gateways; studies of governmental sources for the information on education and their contribution for the enlightenment of a National Education System; the evaluation of the information produced and diffused by the State Education Departments in their Internet gateways. The contribution of Social Science demonstrated its usefulness in choosing a theoretical model and putting forward investigation challenges as to the logics of democratization, organization and dissemination of the Governmental Information for and about Education. The conclusion is that the gateways of the State Education Departments are able to contribute for the understanding of the National education organization, for the democratization of the governmental information and the strengthening of the relationship between the government and citizens / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Doutora em Educação

O Brasil é o maior exportador de carne de frango e o terceiro maior produtor desta carne. O consumo desta fonte de proteína tem aumentado bastante nos últimos anos, tendo passado de 23,2 Kg/habitante em 1995 para 35,5 Kg/habitante em 2005. O mercado internacional tem se tornado cada vez mais exigente com relação aos padrões microbiológicos destes produtos. Pela importância das aves para a economia brasileira e por Listeria monocytogenes apresentar alta taxa de mortalidade, além de ser facilmente encontrada em carne de aves, decidiu-se verificar a ocorrência deste patógeno em dois matadouros, um com evisceração automática (Planta A) e outro com evisceração manual (Planta M), e traçar as possíveis rotas da disseminação do microrganismo na linha de processamento. Do total de 851 amostras coletadas de produtos, das superfícies de contato e de não contato com o produto, das mãos dos manipuladores e da água utilizada durante o processo de abate, 423 amostras foram da Planta A e 428 da Planta M. O teste VIP® Listeria foi utilizado para a triagem das amostras, sendo que aquelas positivas foram submetidas à caracterização fenotípica (provas bioquímicas e ágar cromogênico). A identificação e a tipagem das cepas foi realizada por técnicas moleculares (BAX® System, multiplex-PCR 16S rRNA, multiplex-PCR, ribotipagem e PFGE). L. monocytogenes foi isolada de 20,1% das amostras da Planta A, sendo 61,6% pertencentes ao sorogrupo 4b, 4d ou 4e; 19,2% ao sorogrupo 1/2a ou 3a; 15,2% ao sorogrupo 1/2c ou 3c; e 4,0% ao sorogrupo 1/2b, 3b ou 7. Na Planta M, 16,4% das amostras foram positivas para L. monocytogenes, havendo predomínio do sorogrupo 1/2a ou 3a (72,9%), seguido do sorogrupo 4b, 4d ou 4e (27,1%). Baseado nos resultados dos testes para caracterização fenotípica e genotípica, verificou-se que L. monocytogenes presente no produto final apresentou características semelhantes àquelas presentes na planta, e não no animal. Apenas uma cepa foi isolada na zona suja da Planta A, piso da seção de depenagem, e todas as demais foram isoladas da zona limpa de ambas as plantas. / Brazil is the first exporter of chicken meat and the third producer of this kind of meat in the world. The consumption of this protein source in Brazil has been increasing, having passed from 23.2 Kg/inhabitant in 1995 to 35.5 Kg/inhabitant in 2005. The international market has become more demanding for safety of these products. Because of the importance of this food commodity to Brazilian economy and because of Listeria monocytogenes importance as a foodborne pathogen this study was conducted. The presence of the pathogen in two facilities, one with automatic evisceration (Plant A) and another with manual evisceration (Plant M), was evaluated to identify possible routes of microorganism dissemination in the processing line. From a total of 851 collected samples of products, food contact and non-food contact surfaces, workers\' hands and water used in the process, 423 samples were from Plant A and 428 from Plant M. VIP® Listeria was used for the samples screening, positive ones were plated and suspected characteristic colonies submitted to biochemical characterization. Selected strains were submitted to identification and typing by molecular techniques (BAX® System, multiplex-PCR 16S rRNA, multiplex-PCR, ribotyping and PFGE). L. monocytogenes was isolated in 20.1% of the samples from Plant A with 61.6% belonging to serogroup 4b, 4d or 4e; 19.2% to serogroup 1/2a or 3a; 15.2% to serogroup 1/2c or 3c; and 4.0% to serogroup 1/2b, 3b or 7. From Plant M 16.4% of the samples were positive for L. monocytogenes, with predominance of serogroup 1/2a or 3a (72.9%) followed by serogroup 4b, 4d or 4e (27.1%). Based on the results of phenotypic and genotypic characterization, it was verified that L. monocytogenes present in the final product had similar characteristics to those isolated in the plant, and not in the animals. Only one strain was isolated in the dirty zone of Plant A, on the floor of defeathering section, and all others were isolated in the clean zone of both plants.