Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Thesis (Ph.D. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Muhumbulo muhulwane wa ngudo, wo vha wa u sedzulusa na u sengulusa mbonalo ya mushumo wa vhutunguli nga ṅanga dza sialala ḽa mvelele ya Tshivenḓa. Ṱhoḓisiso yo vha yo sedzesaho kha tshenzhemo na vhupfiwa ha ṅanga dza sialala nga ha kuvhonele kwavho kwa mushumo wa vhutunguli kha mushumo wavho wa ḓuvha ḽiṅwe na ḽiṅwe. Tsenguluso yo vha ya u fhaṱusa lushaka nga ha ndeme ya vhutunguli kha vhutshilo ha ḓuvha ḽiṅwe na ḽiṅwe na u khakhulula kuhumbulele kwo shandeaho nga ha vhutunguli ha sialala ḽa Vhavenḓa sa vhu no fhura vhathu tshelede ngeno mishumo yaho i sa tendisei. Ngudo yo sumbedza vhuvha ha mushumo wa vhutunguli ha sialala u bva tsikoni u swika ṋamusi na thuso ine ya vhu ṋetshedza miṱani na kha shango, u tsivhudza lushaka nga u vhamba maano a u vhulunga nḓivho na uri i nga pfukiselwa hani kha vhaswa. Ho shumiswa madzhenele a khwalithethivi kha u kuvhanganya mafhungo. Mafhungo o kuvhanganywa nga nḓila ya inthaviyu vhathu vho livhana zwifhaṱuwo na nga luṱingo khathihi na u ṱalela nyito. Mafhungo o kuvhanganyiwaho o khoudiwa nga maitele a hone, ha bveledzwa thero. Thero dzo tumbulwaho dzo kona u livha kha mawanwa na themendelo. Tsedzuluso yo vhonala yo vula lushaka maṱo kha u dzhiela vhutunguli ha sialala nṱha.

Le choix de l’extispicine, technique divinatoire présente dans les sociétés andine et mésopotamienne pour cette étude comparée à long terme, s’inscrit dans un renouveau historiographique et une démarche interdisciplinaire. La divination en général, fait social total selon Marcel Mauss, permet d’observer les sociétés de manière transversale et de mettre en oeuvre un comparatisme au-delà de la thématique abordée. La divination et l’extispicine concernent aussi bien les affaires palatiales que ce soit au niveau militaire, religieux ou économique, que les affaires du simple particulier entreprenant un voyage ou désireux de découvrir la cause de sa maladie. Les sources andines sont peu nombreuses concernant la divination incaïque. L’abondance de la documentation de Mari permet néanmoins d’interroger l’historiographie andine et d’émettre des hypothèses sur le fonctionnement de la divination et de la technique de l’extispicine, et, réciproquement les rares mentions de l’extispicine andine dans les chroniques espagnoles et la survivance d’une extispicine contemporaine au Pérou ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives d’études concernant la divination à Mari. La comparaison de l’émission du pronostic du devin bârûm et du Callparicuc nous questionne sur la notion même de « lecture ». Même si l’on constate l’observation de marques sur les organes par le devin, l’extispicine andine ne semble pas entretenir de rapport direct avec l’écriture, alors que celles-ci évoluent de manière complémentaire en Mésopotamie. Les paradigmes binaires servant à établir le pronostic du devin dans les deux extispicines présentent de nombreuses similitudes et révèlent la présence de valeurs communes aux deux sociétés. Cette étude s’inscrit donc dans une nouvelle mise en perspective des deux historiographies et souhaite ouvrir la voie à d’autres travaux afin d’instaurer un réel dialogue entre ces deux mondes en y incluant ce que Tzvetan Todorov appelait la question de l’Autre. / The choice of extispicy, a divinatory technique present in Mesopotamian and Andean societies, for this long-term comparative study, involves a historiographical renewal and an interdisciplinary approach.Divination in general, a total social fact according to Marcel Mauss, allows to observe societes in a transversal manner and to apply comparatism beyond the subject matter. Divination and extispicy concern palace affairs, at a military, religious or economic level, as well as the affairs of a simple individual preparing to travel or wanting to discover the cause of his or her illness.There are very few Andean sources regarding Inca divination. However, the abundant documentation of Mari allows to question Andean historiography and to speculate on how divination and the technique of extispicy worked. Conversely, rare mentions of Andean extispicy in Spanish chronicles and the survival of a contemporary extispicy in Peru open new perspectives for Mari’s studies on divination.The comparison of the bârûm diviner’s prognosis and the Callparicuc raises questions on the meaning of “reading”. Although we notice that the diviner observes marks on the organs, Andean extispicy does not seem to be directly related to writing. However, these two evolve in a complementary manner in Mesopotamia.Binary paradigms that help to establish the diviner’s prognosis in both extispicies show many similarities and reveal common values in these two societies.This study is consistent with a new perspective regarding both historiographies and seeks to pave the way for other works, to create a real dialogue between these two worlds, including what Tzvetan Todorov calls the question of the Other.

This thesis is the result of virtually a year's research conducted in three adjacent villages in northern Zululand, in the district known as KwaNgwanase. This community is distinguished by being subject to historical Zulu conquest, to a continuing influx of migrants fron neighbouring countries and to more recent social and economic transformation. It therefore exhibits a considerable degree of structural variation and cultural complexity, which in divining practice is registered as 'divinatory syncretism'. The theoretical stance adopted to make sense of this complex of variants is praxeological, with an enphasis on understanding divination from within, for which purpose the field method of participant observation is particularly suitable. Built upon close and prolonged interaction with some twenty diviners, the thesis examines divination from two interconnected perspectives; as a mystical performance, in which the inspired diviner endeavours to uncover the truth of a client's condition, and as a professional business in which the econanic motive is pararrount and in which the more successful corrpetitors flourish as entrepreneurs. KwaNgwanase itself emerges as a workshop of experimentation in mystical and syrrbolic forms, while it begins to export its innovative techniques to a broader market. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

Composition no 1 de Marc Saporta, Marelle de Julio Cortázar, Le Château des destins croisés d'Italo Calvino et Le Maître du Haut Château de Philip K. Dick. Écrits entre 1962 et 1973, ces quatre romans ont pour point commun l'usage qu'il font de la tradition divinatoire. Dans les trois premiers, la forme romanesque se délite en adoptant la forme des tarots. Quant au dernier roman cité, il fonde son écriture sur des consultations du Yi King, l'oracle de la tradition chinoise. Tant sur le plan politique que littéraire, le moment des années 1960 coïncidence avec une remise en cause radicale de l'autorité. Précédant la mort de l'auteur prophétisée par Barthes, des artistes s'emparent du hasard afin d'affranchir la création de tout arbitraire auctorial. Cette thèse envisage la manière dont les quatre romanciers du corpus exploitent les théories jungiennes (synchronicité, archétypes, etc.) afin de reconsidérer les rôles de l'auteur et du lecteur. En déconstruisant les formes de la linéarité romanesque, ces romans proposent une littérature expérimentale faisant fi des structures usuelles du genre. Entre poétique ludique et mysticisme, l'usage du hasard divinatoire transforme les œuvres en complexes hypertextuels. Mettant au cœur de leur poétique le sujet interprétant, ces romans donnent l'occasion d'interroger les modalités cognitives de l'interaction littéraire ; ce faisant, ils permettent d'appréhender de façon privilégiée les relations transmédiatiques entre littérature et écriture numérique. / Marc Saporta's Composition no 1, Julio Cortázar's Hopscotch, Italo Calvino's Castle of Crossed Destinies, and Philip K. Dick's Man in the High Castle. Written between 1962 and 1973, these four novels have as common denominator their use of oracular traditions. In the first three literary works, the novel form is broken by becoming one with tarot cards. In the last novel mentioned, the Chinese oracle – the I Ching – is the source of the writing process. In both political and literary fields, the 1960's consist in a radical questioning of authority. Prior to Barthes' prophecy of the Death of the Author, artists make use of chance and randomness in order to liberate creation from the arbitrary power of the author. This thesis studies the way the four aforementioned writers try to reconsider the dynamics between reader and writer by using the Jungian theories (synchronicity, archetypes, etc.). By deconstructing the linearity of the novel form, the four books are representative of an experimental literature which shows disregard to genre conventions. Between ludic poetic and mysticism, the novels are made hypertextual by oracular randomness. Focusing on the interpreting reader, the novels investigate the modalities of literary interaction ; this way, they are key materials in understanding the transmedia relations between literature and digital literacy.

Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This work aims to provide a thematic typology for Old Babylonian divination apodoses, predictions known from early lists of omens and models from Ancient Mesopotamia and the Levant. The primary objective of this study is to present the Old Babylonian divination apodoses as a system, placing each prediction in its appropriate context, together with thematically related material from other compendia. There are altogether 272 reported Old Babylonian compendium-tablets and inscribed clay models, dedicated to thirteen different divinatory practices, of which 157 are examined in this work. Methodologically, the work combines elements of a traditional Assyriological edition and a motif index. The typology is to provide a systematic approach to the study of the apodosis from the perspective of the problem it was meant to answer. Such an approach would lead to a better understanding of the apodosis as an element of a comprehensive system of beliefs, shed light on the early development of the Mesopotamian divinatory written tradition, and help bring to clearer order the imprints of hopes and fears of the Old Babylonian society, that apodoses bear. As a part of the Old Babylonian divination corpus remained beyond the scope of this study, the choice of material has regard to tablets published solely in copies, as well as older editions that can be improved and extended. The bulk of the edited texts were also newly examined and subjected to philological analysis. This approach has yielded a solid number of new reading and interpretations, included in this study. Philological commentaries, together with brief notes on peculiarities of script and language are likewise a crucial part of this research. The introduction starts with a synopsis of the research in the field and offers an overview of the sources. Some basic components of the apodosis, such as problem, motif, outcome, and other elements, important for the classification are also explored here. Additionally, this part of the work examines incidental aspects of space and time, as well as involved characters. The typology itself has 2,367 entries in total, which amount to 2,675 attestations of full apodoses or 3,362 attestations of simple apodoses and parts of compound apodoses counted altogether. The classification of the material is developed on three levels. The twenty-eight sections define the sphere of interest in general. Subsections address particular problems or aspects within the wider topic. The lowest level of the classification, the motif formula, constitutes an exact prediction in terms of motif, involved characters, and other peculiarities. In addition, the work includes a catalog of Old Babylonian compendia and a concordance of predictions in the relevant manuscripts. The thematically organized catalog of predictions is to benefit future theoretical studies on Mesopotamian divination, culture, and realia, as well as to assist textological work on divination-related cuneiform materials.

In this qualitative study the researcher explores the experiences and locus of control orientation of five individuals who have been guided by diviners. It also determines whether any traits or demographic variables characterise individuals consulting with diviners. This study is underpinned by three assumptions, namely, that multiple accounts of reality exist (postmodern philosophy), that knowledge cannot be void of subjectivity (constructivist epistemology) and that ‘meaning’ is influenced by dominant discourses (social constructionist paradigm). Individuals’ experiences with diviners are documented using thematic network analysis. Comparative analysis of the participants’ global themes revealed that ‘control’ and ‘self insight’ and ’self expression’ were common themes. Levenson’s Locus of Control Questionnaire was applied and established that an internal locus of control orientation predominated amongst participants. This finding contradicted existing literature. Professionals in the field of humanities and lay persons interested in divination would appreciate this study. Focal areas for future research and clinical practice are highlighted. / Psychology / (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))

In this qualitative study the researcher explores the experiences and locus of control orientation of five individuals who have been guided by diviners. It also determines whether any traits or demographic variables characterise individuals consulting with diviners. This study is underpinned by three assumptions, namely, that multiple accounts of reality exist (postmodern philosophy), that knowledge cannot be void of subjectivity (constructivist epistemology) and that ‘meaning’ is influenced by dominant discourses (social constructionist paradigm). Individuals’ experiences with diviners are documented using thematic network analysis. Comparative analysis of the participants’ global themes revealed that ‘control’ and ‘self insight’ and ’self expression’ were common themes. Levenson’s Locus of Control Questionnaire was applied and established that an internal locus of control orientation predominated amongst participants. This finding contradicted existing literature. Professionals in the field of humanities and lay persons interested in divination would appreciate this study. Focal areas for future research and clinical practice are highlighted. / Psychology / (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))

Ma thèse de doctorat étudie la dimension rhétorique des oracles dans la littérature grecque d’époque classique. Les considérations sur la divination récoltées dans les traités de rhétorique antiques constituent le point de départ de ce travail. On y apprend, d’une part, que l’oracle serait une forme de témoignage (Aristote, Rhét. I, 15, 1375b 26 – 1376a 6 ;Cicéron, Sur les divisions de l’art oratoire, 2, 6 et Topiques, 76-77 ;Quintilien V, 7, 35-36 et 11, 42), qu’il faut comprendre dans le sens relativement large de preuve extra-technique dont la force persuasive provient de l’autorité. Ceci m’amène, dans la première partie du travail, à m’intéresser à l’établissement de l’autorité oraculaire et à examiner son rôle dans le fonctionnement de la divination. Je m’appuie pour cela sur les données fournies par les traités de rhétorique sur l’établissement de l’autorité testimoniale, mais aussi plus largement sur ce qui renforce l’autorité d’un orateur en rhétorique.D’autre part, certains traités mentionnent les oracles lorsqu’ils abordent le traitement rhétorique de l’ambiguïté, qui est une caractéristique souvent associée aux réponses oraculaires. Le premier auteur à en parler est Aristote (Rhét. III, 5, 1407 a-b). Il condamne les oracles ambigus (ainsi que l’ambiguïté de manière plus générale) et soutient qu’elle vise à tromper le consultant. Les autres auteurs (Hermogène, Sur les états de la cause, XII, 1-10 ;L’Anonyme de Séguier, 188 et Sopatros, Διαίρεσις ζητημάτων, LXXIX [= p. 377-382, vol. 8 Walz]) mentionnent l’oracle dans leurs développements sur l’amphibologie. Il s’agit alors de proposer une méthode pour argumenter pour ou contre une interprétation lorsque plusieurs hypothèses sont envisageables, selon un modèle qui s’inscrit dans le genre délibératif. L’obscurité oraculaire et l’importance de la délibération dans la prise en compte de l’oracle pour l’action sont au cœur de la deuxième partie de la thèse.Mon objectif est de montrer que ces différentes approches rhétoriques de l’oracle, bien qu’elles n’aient a priori rien en commun, sont en fait complémentaires :l’établissement de l’autorité est une condition sine qua non au bon fonctionnement de la divination. Si elle n’est pas reconnue, la parole du devin ou du prophète n’aura aucun poids. En revanche, si elle l’est, sa parole sera considérée comme vraie et pertinente. Toutefois, il arrive fréquemment que l’oracle nécessite alors un processus délibératif, qui peut porter sur l’établissement du sens de la réponse lorsqu’elle est obscure, ou sur la meilleure manière d’en tenir compte dans la prise de décision et dans l’action à mener. Par ces deux aspects, la divination telle qu’elle est présentée dans la littérature classique s’inscrit pleinement dans un cadre rhétorique et laisse aux consultants la responsabilité de leurs choix et de leurs actions. / Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished