The eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) is considered as very perspective species for breeding at intensive aquaculture, where was successful domesticated. Consumption of eurasian perch is increased at present. The greatest grow of consumption is mainly in countries of alpine region and in Scandinavian countries. The aim of experiment was monitor and character spawning of domesticated eurasian perch in controlled conditions of breed. It was determinated fertility and then fertilization of eggs. The next aim was make incubation of fertilization eggs and determinate hatching. After hatch was determinated total length of larvae and its quality by the help of osmotic shock. Domesticated eurasian perch is spawned without problems in controlled conditions of breed. The resulting data of domesticated perch are worse than date of non-domesticated perch in some spawning characteristic. This problem will resolve with gaining knowledge about spawning of eurasian perch. The greatest problem is hatching of eggs, which is very low during spawning of domesticated perch.

In our study, we examined the polymorphism of gene Ser2 from domesticated silkmoth Bombyx mori and its closest wild relative B. mandarina. As a starting material for our work, we used the restriction map of allele C isolated from hybrid lineages 200 and 300 of European silkmoth B. mori (Michaille et al. 1990a). We also used the published sequence of allele D which was isolated from {\clq}qDaizo`` p50 strain of B. mori (Kludkiewicz et al 2009). Based on the published sequence, we designed PCR primers and performed sequence analysis of 4 different alleles of gene Ser2, including the almost complete genomic sequence of allele C (except for two short regions containing repetitive DNA). We then compared the sequences and found that the alleles differ significantly not only in intron lengths and the sizes of exon 9, but also in exon arrangements. While the allele C contains 12 exons (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8a, 9, 10, 11, 8b), the alelle D and other alleles analysed have 13 exons (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9a, 10a, 9b, 10b, 11). Allele C showed very unique arrangement of exons, which suggested that it may represent an ancestral form of Ser2 gene. We analysed the arrangment of exons located at the 3´end of the Ser2 gene by PCR and electrophoresis in 70 available strains of B. mori and B. mandarina. We also tried to find a similar allele to the allele C and we amplified and sequenced 2 kb region from 55 Bombyx strains. Phyllogenetic analysis of gene Ser2 gene suggested that the C allele of now probably extinct European silkmoth hybrids 200 and 300 does not seem to be an ancestral form of Ser2 gene, but it rather seems to be the result of complex secondary rearrangements.

nÃo hà / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever as estratÃgias utilizadas na traduÃÃo de referÃncias culturais na dublagem da sÃrie de TV americana Everybody Hates Chris. Os Estudos Descritivos da TraduÃÃo de Toury (1995) forneceram os fundamentos metodolÃgicos para este trabalho, especialmente no que tange as normas que regem o processo tradutÃrio. A anÃlise das referÃncias culturais baseou-se principalmente em DÃaz-Cintas & Remael (2007) e Antonini (2009). Os conceitos de estrangeirizaÃÃo e domesticaÃÃo estabelecidos por Venuti (1995), bem como o estudo de Ranzato (2013), serviram de base para a classificaÃÃo das estratÃgias de traduÃÃo. O corpus analisado consiste em 66 episÃdios de 20 minutos cada, totalizando 22 horas de material. Na anÃlise, buscou-se, primeiramente, identificar e classificar, de um ponto de vista quali-quantitativo, as referÃncias culturais contidas no texto-fonte. Em seguida, as estratÃgias de traduÃÃo foram classificadas para que fosse possÃvel inferir a influÃncia que cada tipo de referÃncia cultural teve na escolha dessas estratÃgias. Os resultados demonstram que, para cada tipo de referÃncia, foram adotadas estratÃgias diferentes, embora tenha havido uma predominÃncia de estratÃgias estrangeirizadoras. / This research aims to describe the strategies used in the translation of cultural references in the dubbing of the American TV series Everybody Hates Chris. Touryâs Descriptive Translation Studies (1995) laid out the methodological foundations for this paper, especially with regard to the norms which govern the translation process. The analysis of cultural references was primarily based on DÃaz-Cintas & Remael (2007) and Antonini (2009). The concepts of foreignization and domestication, as put forth by Venuti (1995), as well as Ranzatoâs (2013) study, were the basis for the classification of the translation strategies. The corpus analyzed consists of 66 20-min episodes, with a total of 22 hours of material. In the analysis, we first tried to identify and classify, from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, the cultural references found in the source text. Then, the translation strategies were classified so that we could infer the influence of each kind of cultural reference on the choice of these strategies. Results show that, for each kind of reference, different strategies were adopted, although there was a prevalence of foreignizing strategies.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:56:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JANUARIO_M_V_JUNIOR.pdf: 1674858 bytes, checksum: faa0697a13049e8a8c13e8c3021e7002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Amazon is the largest reserve of natural products with potential herbal medicine on the planet and its population uses them empirically for these purposes. But deforestation, associated with predatory extraction practices, has led to the decline and genetic erosion, which may lead to extinction of these species. Among the many plants that are used by the population to treat various ailments, is saracura-mirá (Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke), also known as indian beer, which is widely used by the Amazonian population for the treatment of various diseases, especially the use as a prophylactic measure against malaria, which already had its efficacy proven through laboratory testing. This study aimed to assess the ways of propagation of the species Ampelozizyphus amazonicus. Young seedlings of the natural range were acclimatized and planted in three different environments: full sun, the area of primary forst and woodland area shaded by Ochroma pyranidale, the seedlings planted in the grove had 100% survival, while other areas 88% each. In sexual propagation, the seeds were germinated in four different substrates: S1-commercial substrate, S2-substrate area of natural occurrence of the species, S3-organic compound and S4- washed sand in a randomized design with four replications each. Were counted germinated seeds every two days. The results of germination and emergence rate index (EVI) were compared by statistical analysis. The variable germination showed no statistical difference between treatments, showing that the substrate does not affect the germination process. Since the variable EVI show differences between treatments S2 and S4, were S4 had the highest average and the lowest S2. Vegetative propagation by layering different pre-tested layering treatments: 12 annealing total, partial ring, and strangulation by wire, and four concentrations of IBA (0, 500, 1000 e 2000 ppm). Independent factor in pre-treatment of layering, strangulation by wire, and had higher average total annealing treatment with the lowest averages for these variable, and the individual factor concentration of IBA, layers treated with 2000ppm had higher averages. In asexual propagation by cuttings were tested different concentrations of growth hormone regulating acid butyl indole (and four concentrations of IBA 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm) and different substrates, three types: washed sand, soil natural area of the species and composed commercial, in a completely randomized design in a factorial 3 x 4. Statistical analysis showed no statistical difference between treatments. Factor in the substrate, treatment whit washed sand showed the highest averages for the % survival, number of roots and number of sprouts. In the IBA concentration factor, treatments at a concentration of 1000 ppm had higher averages in the variables % survival rate and number of sprouts. A. amazonicus indicates the possibility of cultivation. / A Amazônia é a maior reserva de produtos naturais com potencial fitoterápico do planeta e a sua população emprega-os empiricamente para esses fins. Mas o desmatamento, associado a pratica extrativista predatória, vem provocando a diminuição, bem como a erosão genética, podendo levar até a extinção dessas espécies. Dentre as inúmeras plantas que são utilizadas pela sua população para tratar diversos males, está a saracura-mirá (Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke), também conhecida como cerveja-de-índo, que é bastante utilizada pela população amazônica para o tratamento de diversas enfermidades, destacando-se o uso como medida profilática contra a malária, que já teve sua eficácia comprovado através de testes em laboratório. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as formas de propagação da espécie Ampelozizyphus amazonicus. Mudas jovens da área de ocorrência natural foram aclimatadas e plantadas em três diferentes ambientes: a pleno sol, área bosqueada de floresta primária e área sombreada por Ochroma pyramidale, as mudas plantadas na área bosqueada apresentaram 100% de sobrevivência, enquanto as demais áreas 88% cada. Na propagação sexuada, as sementes foram postas para germinar em quatro diferentes substratos, sendo: S1-substrato comercial, S2-substrato da área de ocorrência natural da espécie, S3-composto orgânico e S4-areia lavada no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições cada. Foram feitas contagens de sementes germinadas a cada dois dias. Os resultados de porcentagem de germinação e índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) foram comparados por análise estatística. A variável germinação não apresentou diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, mostrando que os substratos não tiveram influência no processo germinativo. Já 10 a variável IVE mostrou diferença entre os tratamentos S4 e S2, onde S4 apresentou a maior média e o S2 à menor. Na propagação vegetativa por via alporquia foram testados diferentes pré-tratamentos de alporquia: anelamento total, anelamento parcial, e estrangulamento por arame, bem como quatro concentrações de AIB (0, 500, 1000 3e 2000 ppm). No fator independente pré-tratamento de alporquia, o estrangulamento por arame, apresentou maiores médias e o tratamento com anelamento total as menores médias em relação às variáveis estudadas, e no fator individual concentração de AIB, alporques tratados com 2000 ppm apresentaram maiores médias. Na propagação assexuada por via estaquia, foram testadas diferentes concentrações do hormônio regulador de crescimento ácido indol butílico (e quatro dosagens de AIB (0, 500, 1000 e 2000 ppm) e diferentes substratos, sendo três tipos: areia lavada, solo da área natural da espécie e composto comercial, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 4. A análise estatística mostrou que não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos. No fator substrato, o tratamento com areia lavada foi o que apresentou maiores médias para as variáveis % de sobrevivência, número de raiz e número de brotos. Já no fator dosagem de AIB, os tratamentos na dosagem de 1000 ppm apresentaram maiores médias nas variáveis % de sobrevivência e número de brotos. A. amazonicus indica possibilidade de cultivo.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma tradução comentada de Bahia, um capítulo da obra Xangô. As religiões afro-americanas. Bahia, Haiti, Trinidad (1976), do autor alemão Hubert Fichte, obra ainda inédita no Brasil. O objetivo consiste em propor uma atitude recriadora da escrita fichteana sob a perspectiva diferenciada de quem traduz, mantendo as características do texto-fonte e a marca poética na análise etnográfica, e pela adoção de uma atitude tradutória estrangeirizante, trazer visibilidade para o tradutor. Além disso, a tradução serve como um exercício de análise e crítica da obra, e, por meio de escolhas e justificativas de decisões tradutórias, são revelados os bastidores do processo de tradução. / This master thesis presents a commented translation of Bahia, a chapter of Xangô. As religiões afro-americanas. Bahia. Haiti. Trinidad (1976) by the German author Hubert Fichte a work still unpublished in Brazil. The aim of this thesis is to propose a recreative attitude of the fichtean writing under a differing perspective of the individual who translates, maintaining not only the characteristics of the source-text but also the poetic features in the ethnographic analysis. The work also intends to provide visibility to the translator by adopting a foreign translating posture. In addition, translation itself serves as an exercise of analysis and critique of the work, and through choices and justifications of translating decisions, the underlying efforts of the translation process is revealed.

Esta tese procura articular a pesquisa etnográfica em laboratórios de biologia, genética e bioquímica na qual se destacam os recintos como ambientes de domesticação científica de agentes orgânicos ao pensamento da evolução, abordado pela leitura da obra de Charles Darwin, uma vez que a concepção sobre a variação e a conservação das formas orgânicas, nas expressões deste autor, revela-se fundamento das práticas daqueles laboratórios. O estudo aqui proposto busca contribuir para o debate em torno de uma antropologia da ciência e da modernidade, inspirando-se nos escritos Bruno Latour. / This dissertation proposes an articulation between ethnographical research in laboratories (biology, genetics and biochemistry) in which precincts as environments of scientifical domestication of organic agents stands out and evolutionary thought, considered through Charles Darwins works, insofar as the concept of «variation» and «conservation» of «organic forms», in his saying, stands as the fundament of those laboratories practices. This study aims to contribute to an anthropology of science and modernity, inspired by Bruno Latours writings.

Este trabalho apresenta uma tradução crítica da narrativa Die Reisebegegnung (O encontro de viagem), da escritora alemã Anna Seghers. Através dessa tradução, discute-se o ato de traduzir, questionando-se o modelo de tradução predominante no mercado editorial, que exige textos fluentes, nos quais se apagam as marcas de estrangeiridade. Esta dissertação propõe uma alternativa ao modelo: destacar o caráter estrangeiro da obra em vez de tentar apagá-lo, proporcionando ao leitor uma experiência com o texto estrangeiro que vá além do conteúdo e chamando sua atenção para questões de linguagem. Isso confere maior espaço e visibilidade para o trabalho criativo do tradutor, explícito aqui por meio do aparato crítico que acompanha a tradução. Essa alternativa se sustenta principalmente nas ideias de Friedrich Schleiermacher, Lawrence Venuti e Antoine Berman, que defendem a tradução chamada de estrangeirizadora, isto é, aquela que abre e garante espaço para o estranho (estrangeiro, fremd) no texto de chegada. / This work presents a critical translation of the narrative Die Reisebegegnung (The travel encounter), by the German writer Anna Seghers. Through this translation, the act of translating is discussed, questioning the translation model predominant in the publishing market, which requires fluent texts and in which the foreignness marks become extinguished. This dissertation proposes an alternative to the model: highlighting the foreign aspect of the work instead of trying to delete it, providing the reader with an experience of the foreign text that goes beyond the content and drawing his/her attention to language issues. This procedure gives more room and visibility to the creative work of the translator, made explicit here through the critical apparatus following the translation. Such an alternative is supported mainly by the ideas of Friedrich Schleiermacher, Lawrence Venuti and Antoine Berman, who defend the so-called foreignizing translation, i.e., the one that makes and warrants room for the strange (foreign, fremd) in the target text.

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France has long had its foreign audiovisual material dubbed. If this is due to an attempt to conserve the French language, there should also be similar concern with foreign cultural references. This essay uses qualitative analyses of extralinguistic references to discover if a so-called domesticating practice is notable also in French subtitling. Sweden, however, is a smaller country, and may be considered more Americanized culturally. Swedish subtitling is used as the more globalized counterpart. This research cites instances in which extralinguistic references are made and how they are subsequently dealt with in the translated subtitles. The instances are singled out and then individually analyzed. Using four categories of translation methods for Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs), this study investigates whether translation norms differ between Swedish and French subtitles. This study‘s most important finding is that there do seem to be different norms for Swedish and French subtitles and that the francophone target audience is not required to move so far from its domestic reference frame as is the Swedish target audience. Another important finding is that while there are both quantitative and qualitative differences, there are also striking similarities on the statistical level, indicating that there are global norms that govern translation in general, and specifically subtitling. The results are interesting for the discussion around which ECRs are domesticated, but also for further sociolinguistic analyses of French domestication.

This essay discusses the subject of translating a French book about the French cuisine into Swedish. The author is Gérard Depardieu, a famous French actor with a keen interest in the French culinary art and culture. The book is about simple, classic, French cooking. While translating, we had some difficulties translating some cultural expressions or words that do not have an equivalence in Swedish, and therefore we had to find another solution than literal translation that would allow us to retain the cultural sense. To our help, we used the theories of Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet who discuss equivalence, explication, modulation and adaptation, which are different methods of translating a foreign culture to a target language. We also used the expressions foreignization (where you break target conventions by retaining a foreign cultural element in the original way) and domestication (where you translate the foreign element to something that exists in the target culture to minimize the strangeness). Our goal was to adapt the translated text to a Swedish reader, but at the same time keep as much of the French culture and Depardieu's style as possible.