A presente tese constitui-se numa proposta de contribuição teórica para a disciplina de marketing. Defende que, existe uma Assimetria de Conhecimento entre os polos da relação de troca/transação de pacotes de bens e serviços intensivos em conhecimento, na perspectiva da “Nova Lógica Dominante” de marketing, conforme Stephen Vargo e Robert Lusch. Deriva, por analogia, esta proposição hipotética da Teoria de Assimetria de Informações, da ciência econômica. Afirma a distinção ontológica entre informação e conhecimento, como justificativa para sua proposição. Apresenta conceitos instrumentais de Conhecimento e de Assimetria de Conhecimento, para apoiar os atos epistemológicos de ruptura e construção do objeto, de acordo com Gaston Bachelard e Pierre Bourdieu. Revisa as escolas de pensamento em marketing e os principais paradigmas da pesquisa na disciplina, discutindo a utilidade da proposta teórica para a pesquisa em cada um dos principais paradigmas. Sustenta a relevância da nova teoria para estudos acadêmicos, suas implicações gerenciais e sua importância para os agentes formuladores de políticas. / This thesis constitutes a proposal for a theoretical contribution to the discipline of marketing. It argues that a Knowledge Asymmetry exists between the poles of the exchange/transaction ratio of knowledge-intensive goods and services packages, from the perspective of the "New Dominant Logic" of marketing, according to Stephen Vargo and Robert Lusch. It derives, by analogy, this hypothetical proposition of the Theory of Information Asymmetry, from economic science. It affirms the ontological distinction between information and knowledge, as justification for its proposition. It introduces key concepts of Knowledge Asymmetry, to support the epistemological acts of rupture and construction of the object, according to Gaston Bachelard and Pierre Bourdieu. It reviews the schools of thought in marketing and the main research paradigms in the discipline, discussing the usefulness of the theoretical proposal for research in each of the main paradigms. It maintains the relevance of the new theory for academic studies, its management implications and its importance for policymakers. / La presente tesis se constituye en una propuesta de contribución teórica para la disciplina de marketing. Defiende que, existe una Asimetría de Conocimiento entre los polos de la relación de intercambio/transacción de paquetes de bienes y servicios intensivos en conocimiento, en la perspectiva de la “Nueva Lógica Dominante” de marketing, conforme Stephen Vargo y Robert Lusch. Deriva, por analogía, esta proposición hipotética de la Teoría de Asimetría de Informaciones, de la ciencia económica. Afirma la distinción ontológica entre información y conocimiento, como justificativa para su proposición. Presenta conceptos instrumentales de Conocimiento y de Asimetría de Conocimiento, para apoyar los actos epistemológicos de ruptura y construcción del objeto, de acuerdo con Gaston Bachelard y Pierre Bourdieu. Revisa las escuelas de pensamiento en marketing y los principales paradigmas de la investigación en la disciplina, discutiendo la utilidad de la propuesta teórica para la investigación en cada uno de los principales paradigmas. Sustenta la relevancia de la nueva teoría para estudios académicos, sus implicaciones gerenciales y su importancia para los agentes formuladores de políticas.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-08-24T11:44:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 fabiana_carvalho2018.pdf: 1450288 bytes, checksum: 4d4d808cc99f79329a8073654da43c75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T11:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 fabiana_carvalho2018.pdf: 1450288 bytes, checksum: 4d4d808cc99f79329a8073654da43c75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / The SD-Logic is an approach in which service is the basis of the system of exchanges. At the heart of this approach lies the assumption that value creation is established through interaction among companies, customers and other stakeholders. In this environment, companies are pressured to take a more participatory approach, which has been greatly facilitated by online communities hosted on social media. These platforms have assumed unprecedented importance for the communication among customers and organizations, whether they are commercial or not and are conducive channels to value co-creation. Since the SD-Logic perspective outweighs the traditional commodity exchange paradigm, the study analyzed the value co-creation in an online community of an internationally known nonprofit organization and its relationship towards community’s engagement and to the brand’s loyalty. The research took into account the representativeness of nonprofits organizations to society, and the broadening of the challenges to attract and retain volunteers. To reach the proposed goal, a survey was conducted with 534 community members. The collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM), with estimation of the Partial Least Squares - Path modelling (PLS-PM), through the tools offered by SmartPLS 3 software. The results supported the conceptual model of value co-creation in online communities of NPOs, indicating that community members base their value assessments on three elements: Experience, Interpersonal Interaction, and Social Relationships. These elements significantly explained the commitment towards the community and to the brand’s loyalty, validating the importance of this marketing strategy also in the NPO context. Theoretical and practical implications of these outcomes are discussed, as well as the limitations and indications for future researches. / A Lógica Dominante do Serviço (LDS) é uma abordagem na qual o serviço é a base do sistema de trocas. No cerne dessa abordagem, reside assunção de que a criação de valor é estabelecida por meio da interação entre empresas, clientes e demais stakeholders. Nesse ambiente, as empresas são pressionadas a realizar uma abordagem mais participativa, que tem sido amplamente facilitada pelas comunidades online hospedadas nas mídias sociais. Essas plataformas têm assumindo uma importância sem precedentes para a comunicação entre clientes e organizações, sejam elas comerciais ou não, e constituem canais propícios à cocriação de valor. Uma vez que a perspectiva da LDS supera o paradigma tradicional que se baseava na troca de mercadorias, o estudo analisou a cocriação de valor na comunidade online de uma organização sem fins lucrativos (OSFL) internacionalmente conhecida, e a relação da cocriação com o comprometimento com a comunidade e com a lealdade à marca. A pesquisa levou em consideração a representatividade das organizações sem fins lucrativos para a sociedade, e a ampliação dos desafios para atrair e manter voluntários. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foi realizado um survey com 534 membros da comunidade. Os dados coletados foram analisados empregando-se a modelagem de equações estruturais (Structural Equation Models - SEM), com estimação dos “Mínimos Quadrados Parciais” (PLS-PM), por meio das ferramentas oferecidas pelo software SmartPLS 3. Os resultados apoiaram o modelo conceitual de cocriação de valor em comunidades online de OSFL’s, indicando que os membros da comunidade baseiam suas avaliações de valor em três elementos: Experiência, Interação Interpessoal e Relações Sociais. Esses elementos explicaram, significativamente, o comprometimento com a comunidade e a lealdade à marca, validando a importância dessa estratégia de marketing também no contexto OSFL’s. As implicações teóricas e práticas desses resultados são discutidas, bem como as limitações e indicações para futuras pesquisas.

Submitted by Thatiana Marjorie Lazzaretti (thatilazzaretti@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-09T15:32:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Thatiana Lazzaretti.pdf: 1083972 bytes, checksum: 55ee9ce470624f58228a0618fe3a4803 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-05-09T20:06:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Thatiana Lazzaretti.pdf: 1083972 bytes, checksum: 55ee9ce470624f58228a0618fe3a4803 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T20:14:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Thatiana Lazzaretti.pdf: 1083972 bytes, checksum: 55ee9ce470624f58228a0618fe3a4803 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-11 / Levitt (1960) presented for over half century the term Marketing Myopia and discussed the danger of organizations that centralize their focus on products and neglect the real need of customers, since the product is only a means to meet the customer´s need and not an end in itself. In the same vein, Shostack (1977), almost two centuries later, emphasized the urgent need to understand the position of Marketing in the new post-industrial economy of services, in which traditional logic focused on products did not adequately meet the market needs. Therefore, it is not recent the perception that the physical possession of an Asset is secondary to meet the customer´s needs, being essential to think about the benefit that is provided by the use of the good. More recently, Vargo and Lusch (2004a) brought back the discussion of the importance of organizations attending to the real needs of customers rather than just focusing on transaction, in other words, the idea of exchanging a manufactured product by monetary value. Then these authors emerged again with the idea that companies need to delivery benefits to their clients and that the appropriation of service is more important than the transfer of physical good´s ownership. They resume thereby Levitt´s e Shostack´s ideas and change them to create the Service Dominant Logic or S-D Logic, which are the terms used by the authors (VARGO; LUSCH, 2004a). The proposal is that Marketing abandon the traditional logic, focused on products, for a new logic focused on the service produced by the products in which is necessary to understand how value is perceived by the customer in order to aim efforts in generating this value, thus enabling companies that understand the real needs of the market to create a sustainable competitive advantage. Considering the proposal of these authors, this study tested the application of this concept in the industry of refrigerated units to temperature controlled load transportation in Brazil. Six majors refrigerated cargo carriers were interviewed and questioned about the value of the service enjoyed by the good´s ownership against the value perceived of enjoy the service without having to buy the good for that. The respondents curiously associate a lot of value to the possession of the good because this guarantees no service interruption, a very valuable thing for them. This shows a lack of reliability in possible alternatives to the purchase of assets by the company. The reliability in the service provider is, thus, key element in the valuation of the benefits. Differences in assigning value were identified for the alternative supply proposals according to the relevance of refrigerated transportation service to the company – either core business or support activities to the company´s core business. / Levitt (1960) apresentou o termo Miopia em Marketing e discutiu sobre o perigo de as organizações centralizarem seu foco no produto e descuidarem da real necessidade dos clientes, já que o produto é apenas um meio para atender à necessidade do cliente e não o fim em si. Na mesma linha, Shostack (1977), quase duas décadas mais tarde, enfatizou a urgência de se entender a posição do Marketing na economia pós-industrial de serviços, em que a lógica tradicional focada em produtos não mais atendia adequadamente o mercado. Portanto, não é recente a visão de que a posse do bem físico é secundária para o atendimento das necessidades do consumidor, sendo fundamental pensar no benefício que o bem proporciona ao cliente quando do seu uso. Mais recentemente, Vargo e Lusch (2004a) retomaram a discussão sobre a importância de as organizações atentarem para as necessidades dos clientes em vez de apenas focarem na transação, ou seja, na ideia de troca de um produto por um valor monetário. Estes autores emergiram novamente com a ideia de que as empresas precisam entregar benefícios aos seus clientes e a que apropriação do serviço gerado pela oferta da empresa é mais importante do que a transferência de posse do bem físico. Eles retomam, desta forma, as ideias de Levitt e Shostack e as modificam para criar a Service-Dominant Logic ou S-D Logic, como eles denominam. A ênfase desta proposta é que o Marketing deixe de considerar a transação de produtos ou serviços como central para a criação de valor, para uma lógica centrada no serviço produzido pelo bem – produto ou serviço. Assim, passa ser fundamental entender como o valor é percebido pelo cliente na fase de uso e focar os esforços na geração desse valor, possibilitando, assim, que empresas que entendam as reais necessidades do mercado, criem vantagem competitiva sustentável. Considerando a proposta destes autores, este trabalho testou a aplicação deste conceito na indústria de equipamentos de refrigeração para transporte de cargas com temperatura controlada no Brasil. Foram entrevistados seis importantes transportadores de carga frigorificada do país, os quais foram questionados sobre o valor do serviço usufruído pela posse do bem em contraposição ao valor percebido de usufruir o serviço sem ter que comprar o bem para tal. Os entrevistados associam muito valor à posse do bem, pois, para eles, isso garante que o serviço não sofrerá interrupções, algo muito valioso para eles. Isso evidencia uma falta de confiança nas alternativas possíveis à compra do ativo pela empresa. A confiança no prestador do serviço é, portanto, elemento chave na avaliação dos benefícios, reforçando achados de estudos anteriores. Foram identificadas diferenças de atribuição de valor para as propostas alternativas de fornecimento em razão da relevância do serviço de transporte refrigerado para a empresa – negócio central ou função de apoio para o negócio central da empresa.

The use of techniques for determining the productive capacity of a forest site depends on its sensitivity to evaluate or to predict the interaction between the genetic factors of the species and the environment (climate, soil, physiography). This work was developed in the southern part of Rio Grande do Sul state and aimed to evaluate the influence of soil properties in different soil classes, with the production capacity by the dominant height (h100) for Eucalyptus saligna (clone 32864) and seminal plantations of Eucalyptus dunnii. Thus, we selected 16 inventory plots based on genetic material and dendrometric variables as the dominant height (h100), mean annual increment (MAI), volume of wood with bark (m3/ ha-1) designed for seven years. Form these 16 plots, nine plots were E. dunnii and seven plots were E. Saligna. In each selected site trenches were opened to classify the soil, to collect soil samples for chemical (pH, MO, Ca, Mg, Al, P, S, K, Zn, Cu, B, CTC,ph7, V) and physical analysis ( particle size, particle density and soil porosity, macro and microporosity, soil water retention curve , saturated hydraulic conductivity) and to collect litter. Profiles/plots showed variations in soil classes, site index, source material, morphological, chemical and physical soil characteristics and amount of litter. We analyzed four classes of representative soils of the study region: Argissolos (PVe, PVd, PBACd, PBACe, PAd), Neossolos (RRd), Luvissolos (TCo) and Cambissolos (CXbd). The dominant height (h100) showed a minimum height of 22.9 m ( Profile 13 - RRd) and maximum height of 29.3 m (Profile 10-TCo) for E. dunnii and for the clone E. saligna the IS showed a minimum height of 22.4 m (Profile 11- PAd) and maximum of 28.7 m (Profile 16-PVe). The statistical analysis between dominant height (h100) and the physical, chemical and morphological soil characteristics was performed by the use of multiple regression analysis, which aimed to verify the significance of the input variables to determine the dominant height. The equations that best correlated the dominant height to soil attributes were derived from the layers 10-20 cm and 60-80 cm when were considered both genetic materials. However, when genetic materials were evaluated separately the equations that best correlated the dominant height to soil attributes were derived from the layers 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm for E. dunnii, and from the layers 40 - 60 cm and 60 - 80 cm for clone E. saligna, which shows the different relations between the genetic material and the analyzed soil profiles. The depth of the A + B horizons, the silt, the organic matter and the concentration of boron, potassium and calcium were the attributes that gave the highest contribution in the models to explain the productive capacity of the profiles analyzed by dominant height. / O emprego de técnicas para determinação da capacidade produtiva de um sítio florestal depende de sua sensibilidade para avaliar ou prever a interação entre os fatores genéticos da espécie e o ambiente (clima, solo, fisiografia). O presente trabalho desenvolvido na região da Metade Sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul teve como objetivo avaliar a influência dos atributos do solo, em diferentes classes de solo, com a capacidade produtiva através da altura dominante (h100) o Eucalyptus saligna (clone 32864) e plantios seminais de Eucalyptus dunnii. Desta forma, selecionaram-se 16 parcelas de inventário florestal com base no material genético e variáveis dendrométricas como a altura dominante (h100), incremento médio anual (IMA) e volume de madeira com casca (m3/ha-1) projetados para os sete anos, sendo 9 parcelas de E. dunnii e 7 parcelas de E. Saligna. Em cada sítio selecionado abriu-se trincheiras para classificação do solo, coleta de amostras para análises químicas (pH, MO, Ca, Mg, Al, P, S, K, Zn, Cu, B, CTC ph7, V) físicas (granulometria, densidade de partícula e do solo, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade, curva de retenção de água no solo, condutividade hidráulica saturada) e coleta de serapilheira. Os perfis/parcelas apresentaram variações quanto as classes de solos, altura dominante, índice de sítio, material de origem, características morfológicas, químicas e físicas do solo e quantidade de serapilheira. Foram analisadas 4 classes de solos representativas da região do estudo: Argissolos (PVe, PVd, PBACd, PBACe, PAd), Neossolos (RRd), Luvissolos (TCo) e Cambissolo (CXbd). A altura dominante (h100) apresenta altura mínima de 22,9 m (Perfil 13 - RRd ) e máxima de 29,3 m (Perfil 10 -TCo) para E. dunnii e para o clone E. saligna o IS apresenta altura mínima de 22,4 m (Perfil 11 - PAd) e 28,7 m (Perfil 16 - PVe). A análise estatística entre altura dominante (h100) e os atributos físicos, químicos e morfológicos do solo foi realizada através do emprego da análise de regressão múltipla buscando-se verificar a significância das variáveis de entrada para determinação da altura dominate. As equações que melhor relacionaram a altura dominante (h100) com os atributos do solo foram as oriundas das camadas de 10 a 20 cm e da camada de 60 a 80 cm quando considerados os dois materiais genéticos. Entretanto, quando os materiais genéticos foram avaliados separadamente as equações que melhor relacionaram o índice de sítio com os atributos do solo foram as equações oriundas das camadas de 10 a 20 cm e 20 a 40 cm para E. dunnii, 40 a 60 cm e 60 a 80 cm para o clone de E. saligna, evidenciando relações distintas entre os materiais genéticos e o solo nos perfis analisados. A profundidade dos horizontes A+B, o silte, a matéria orgânica e os teores de boro, de potássio e cálcio foram os atributos que mais contribuíram nos modelos para explicar a capacidade produtiva nos perfis analisados através da altura dominante (h100).

La polykystose rénale autosomique dominante (ADPKD) est la maladie monogéniquehumaine la plus fréquente (prévalence 1/800). Les gènes responsables de cette maladie sont PKD1(codant pour PC1) ou PKD2 (codant pour PC2). La maladie évolue vers l’insuffisance rénale terminale.Aujourd’hui, seul un traitement symptomatique est proposé aux malades. Les mécanismes à l’originede l’ADPKD sont mal connus. Les modèles animaux permettent de mieux comprendre laphysiopathologie d’une maladie. Il n’existe pas de bon modèle de polykystose (même causemoléculaire, même mode de transmission, même signes cliniques). En utilisant la transgénose degrands fragments, nous avons créé un modèle de surexpression de PKD2 humain. Le transgène estsous le contrôle de son promoteur naturel humain. Cette souris exprime deux fois plus de PC2 queles sauvages. Elle ne présente que quelques microkystes mais une tubulopathie associant défaut deconcentration des urines et protéinurie tubulaire. La surexpression de PC2 inhibe l’expression degènes codant pour des protéines de la matrice extracellulaire. Le phénotype cellulaire de cesanimaux est remarquable : un tiers des cellules présentent un nombre élevé de centrosomes. Cephénotype cellulaire a été retrouvé chez des souris sous exprimant Pkd2 et chez des souris sousexprimant Pkd1. Ce caractère multicentrosomique est corrigé en incubant les cellules avec uninhibiteur de CaMKII ou en croisant nos souris transgéniques avec une souris KO de Camk2. Nousavons réussi à lier CaMKII, la duplication des centrosomes et les polycystines, in vitro et in vivo. Ceciamène un éclairage nouveau sur la duplication du centrosome et la physiopathologie de l’ADPKD. / Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic human disease (prevalence 1/800). Genes responsible for this disease are PKD1 (encoding PC1) or PKD2 (encoding PC2). The disease progresses to end stage renal disease. Today, only symptomatic treatment is offered to patients. The mechanisms underlying the ADPKD are unknown. Animals models allow better understand the disease’s pathophysiology. There is no good model of ADPKD (same molecular cause, same clinical signs). We created a mice model of human PKD2 overexpression. The transgène is under the control of its human natural promoter. This mouse expresses PC2 twice as much as the wild. It shows only few microcysts but tubulopathy involving lack of urine concentration and tubular proteinuria. PC2 overexpression inhibits the expression of genes encoding proteins of the extracellular matrix. The cellular phenotype of these animals is special : one third of the cells have a high number of centrosomes. This cellular phenotype was found in Pkd2 Knockout mice and in Pkd1 knockout mice. This multicentrosomic character is corrected by incubating the cells with a CaMKII inhibitor or by crossing our transgenic mice with Camk2 knockout mice. We propose a link between CaMKII, Centrosome duplication and polycystin in vitro and in vivo. This brings a new light on centrosome duplication and pathophysiology of ADPKD.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Bianca.pdf: 325135 bytes, checksum: 8bbf94808bc25e72a05aba3d84bca76a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-14 / The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of bovine somatotropin in follicular deviation of sixteen Tabapuã cows. The animals received an ear implant of progesterone and 1 mg of estradiol benzoate, IM (day 0). On day 5, the females were divided into 2 groups: GI (control, n=8) and GII (treated with 500 mg bST, n=8). On day 10, the implants were removed and injected 500 µg of PGF2α in all cows. Only cows with follicles bigger 9 mm received 300 µg of GnRH. Ultrasound examinations were performed each 12 hours. There was no statistical difference between the follicular deviation in GI (2.4 days) and GII (2,1 days). At the divergence moment, FD and FS of GI were 6.28±0.42 and 6.26±0.41 mm, respectively, and FD and FS of GII were 6.08±0.72 and 6.12±0.39 mm. The mean maximum diameter of FD after ovulation was at 110.0±8.43 hours in GI and 115.2±8.98 hours in GII. FS reached the maximum diameter at 55.0±20.0 hours in GI and 76.8±10.46 hours in GII. The mean maximum diameter reached by FD and FS in GI was 8.85±0.41 and 6.5±0.42 mm, respectively, and GII 9.83±0.63 and 6.87±0.35 mm. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in diameter of FD and FS, neither in growth rates (mm/12 hours) of the FD before and after the deviation, neither in the moment of follicle deviation / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da somatotrofina bovina na divergência folicular em vacas da raça Tabapuã. Foram utilizadas 16 vacas da raça Tabapuã, inicialmente receberam implante de progestágeno auricular concomitante à aplicação IM de 1mg de benzoato de estradiol (dia 0). No dia 5, dividiram-se as fêmeas em 2 grupos: G-I (controle, n=8) e as vacas do G-II foram tratadas com 500 mg bST (n=8). No dia 10 foi feita a retirada do crestar concomitante a aplicação de 500 g de PGF2 e apenas nas vacas com folículos> 9 mm aplicação de 300 g de GnRH. Foram realizados exames ultrassonográficos a cada 12 horas por 5 dias. Não houve diferença estatística entre os momentos de divergência folicular, no G-I foi de 2,4 dias e no G-II 2,1 dias. Nesse momento o FD e FS mediram 6,28  0,42 e 6,26  0,41 mm no G-I e 6,08  0,72 e 6,12  0,39 mm no G-II. O FD atingiu diâmetro máximo após a ovulação em média 110,00 ± 8,43 horas no GI e 115,20 ± 8,98 horas no GII. Já o FS atingiu o diâmetro máximo às 55,00 ± 20,00 e 76,80 ± 10,46 horas, respectivamente. A média do diâmetro máximo atingido pelo FD e FS no GI foi respectivamente 8,85 ± 0,41 e 6,50 ± 0,42 mm e no GII foi 9,83 ± 0,63 e 6,87 ± 0,35 mm. Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) no diâmetro do FD e FS e nem nas taxas de crescimento (mm/12h) do FD antes e após a divergência folicular. Concluímos que a aplicação de bST não afetou o diâmetro folicular, a taxa de crescimento do FD e FS antes e após a divergência, nem tampouco, o momento da divergência folicular

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Bianca.pdf: 325135 bytes, checksum: 8bbf94808bc25e72a05aba3d84bca76a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-14 / The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of bovine somatotropin in follicular deviation of sixteen Tabapuã cows. The animals received an ear implant of progesterone and 1 mg of estradiol benzoate, IM (day 0). On day 5, the females were divided into 2 groups: GI (control, n=8) and GII (treated with 500 mg bST, n=8). On day 10, the implants were removed and injected 500 µg of PGF2α in all cows. Only cows with follicles bigger 9 mm received 300 µg of GnRH. Ultrasound examinations were performed each 12 hours. There was no statistical difference between the follicular deviation in GI (2.4 days) and GII (2,1 days). At the divergence moment, FD and FS of GI were 6.28±0.42 and 6.26±0.41 mm, respectively, and FD and FS of GII were 6.08±0.72 and 6.12±0.39 mm. The mean maximum diameter of FD after ovulation was at 110.0±8.43 hours in GI and 115.2±8.98 hours in GII. FS reached the maximum diameter at 55.0±20.0 hours in GI and 76.8±10.46 hours in GII. The mean maximum diameter reached by FD and FS in GI was 8.85±0.41 and 6.5±0.42 mm, respectively, and GII 9.83±0.63 and 6.87±0.35 mm. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in diameter of FD and FS, neither in growth rates (mm/12 hours) of the FD before and after the deviation, neither in the moment of follicle deviation / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da somatotrofina bovina na divergência folicular em vacas da raça Tabapuã. Foram utilizadas 16 vacas da raça Tabapuã, inicialmente receberam implante de progestágeno auricular concomitante à aplicação IM de 1mg de benzoato de estradiol (dia 0). No dia 5, dividiram-se as fêmeas em 2 grupos: G-I (controle, n=8) e as vacas do G-II foram tratadas com 500 mg bST (n=8). No dia 10 foi feita a retirada do crestar concomitante a aplicação de 500 g de PGF2 e apenas nas vacas com folículos> 9 mm aplicação de 300 g de GnRH. Foram realizados exames ultrassonográficos a cada 12 horas por 5 dias. Não houve diferença estatística entre os momentos de divergência folicular, no G-I foi de 2,4 dias e no G-II 2,1 dias. Nesse momento o FD e FS mediram 6,28  0,42 e 6,26  0,41 mm no G-I e 6,08  0,72 e 6,12  0,39 mm no G-II. O FD atingiu diâmetro máximo após a ovulação em média 110,00 ± 8,43 horas no GI e 115,20 ± 8,98 horas no GII. Já o FS atingiu o diâmetro máximo às 55,00 ± 20,00 e 76,80 ± 10,46 horas, respectivamente. A média do diâmetro máximo atingido pelo FD e FS no GI foi respectivamente 8,85 ± 0,41 e 6,50 ± 0,42 mm e no GII foi 9,83 ± 0,63 e 6,87 ± 0,35 mm. Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) no diâmetro do FD e FS e nem nas taxas de crescimento (mm/12h) do FD antes e após a divergência folicular. Concluímos que a aplicação de bST não afetou o diâmetro folicular, a taxa de crescimento do FD e FS antes e após a divergência, nem tampouco, o momento da divergência folicular

La levure et la microalgue sont des microorganismes très étudiés pour la production de composés à haute valeur ajoutée pour des secteurs tels que l’agroalimentaire et l’énergie. Ce travail de thèse propose un procédé de culture mixte entre la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae et la microalgue Chlorella vulgaris pour la croissance des deux espèces tout en limitant le rejet en CO2. Le procédé repose sur la symbiose mutuelle entre les deux organismes autour des échanges de gaz, qui est rendu possible en imposant une co-dominance en termes de population. Les populations doivent être équilibrées pour que les microalgues puissent gérer la production de CO2. Le procédé est réalisé en photo-bioréacteur de 5 litres non-aéré et fermé, afin d’éviter les échanges gazeux avec l’environnement externe. Dans cette configuration, le CO2 est produit sous forme dissoute et directement accessible aux microalgues, évitant les phénomènes de dégazage et de dissolution. Les populations de levures et de microalgues atteignent une concentration égale (20 millions de cellules par ml) au bout de 24 heures de culture, restent stables jusqu’à la fin de la culture (168 heures) et les microalgues recyclent 12% du CO2 produit par les levures. Un modèle cinétique de la levure et de la microalgue en culture mixte est développé en combinant les modèles individuels de la levure et de la microalgue. Le modèle prédictif de la levure prend en compte les possibles voies métaboliques impliquées dans la fermentation et la respiration de ces voies est prédite en y intégrant des facteurs de limitation. Le modèle de la microalgue est basé sur l’activité photosynthétique. Les résultats de ce travail montrent la faisabilité du procédé de culture mixte entre hétérotrophe et autotrophe et pourrait apporter les bases pour le développement d’un procédé écologique à faible impact environnemental. / Yeast and microalgae are microorganisms widely studied for the production of high-value compounds used in food and energy area. This work proposes a process of mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Chlorella vulgaris for both growth and CO2 mitigation. The process relies on mutual symbiosis between the two organisms through gas exchange, which is possible by engineering the co-dominance of populations. The two populations must be balanced in such a way so that microalgae can cope with the rate of CO2 production by the yeast activity. The process is performed in non-aerated 5l-photo-bioreactor fitted with a fermentation lock to prevent gas exchange with the outside atmosphere. With this set-up, the CO2 is produced in dissolved form and is available to the microalgae avoiding degassing and dissolution phenomena. The two organism populations are balanced at approximately 20 millions cells per ml, 12% CO2 produced by yeast was reutilized by microalgae within 168 hours of culture. A yeast and microalgae growth model in mixed culture is developed by combining each individual growth model. The predictive yeast model considers the possible metabolic pathways involved in fermentation and respiration and imposes limitation factors on these pathways, in this manner, the model can predict the partition of these pathways. The microalgae individual model is based on the photosynthetic activity. The results of this work show the feasibility of such process and could provide a basis for the development of a green process of low environmental impact.

This work offers a framework for researchers by linking service-dominant (S-D) logic to an intersubjective stream of philosophy of science. Service-dominant logic has resonated in marketing, but no existing research has attempted to link S-D logic with basic meta-theory to provide a framework. Since the range of philosophies of science (isms) referred to in the marketing literature is broad, varying from ‘realism’ to ‘relativism’, from ‘positivism’ to ‘constructivism’ and from ‘structuralism’ to ‘post-structuralism/postmodernism’, first the different isms are grouped into four main groups/streams and then S-D logic is analyzed and classified according to these streams. The four streams are: object-orientation (realism, positivism, empiricism, and so on); subject orientation (constructivism, interpretivism, and so forth); intersubjective orientation (social constructionism, pancritical rationalism, methodological constructivism, and so on); and sign orientation (post-structuralism, postmodernism, and variations). S-D logic is mainly underpinned by an intersubjective orientation and has a huge potential for further development both in and for marketing if seen from a sign-orientated, post-structural perspective and linked to the theory of practices.

Purpose – This article seeks to advance a novel service network perspective, based on the service-dominant logic, designated as service-dominant networks (SDN). Design/methodology/approach – Service-dominant logic components serve to build and describe SDN. Specifically, resources and actors are key components, combined with activities and the process by which they become resources. A case study details the features of SDNs. Findings – Service-dominant networks exhibit unique, previously unaddressed features. According to the service-dominant logic, components only become resources when they are integrated; thus, they disappear as resources after their integration, which means SDNs are fugacious: they (be-)come and go. In addition, SDNs comprise one or more main intended activities that explain their existence, though these intended activities do not necessarily initiate any particular SDN. Rather, other critical incidents can initiate SDNs. Research limitations/implications – The features of SDNs proposed in this article have not been a focus of prior research. In particular, the dynamics and fugaciousness of SDNs are challenges for research and management. Originality/value – This article offers the first proposal of a novel, service-dominant network perspective. In a very general and abstract form, it identifies the features of SDNs.