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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Aufmerksamkeit im Unterricht.

Peng, Jie 14 April 2022 (has links)
In der soziologischen, philosophischen, kulturwissenschaftlichen und erziehungswissenschaftlichen Forschung ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten ein starkes Interesse für Aufmerksamkeit zu verzeichnen, eine gestiegene Aufmerksamkeit für Aufmerksamkeit, die sich nicht zuletzt in einer steigenden Zahl von empirischen Studien, insbesondere im Schulunterricht, niederschlägt. Mithilfe der pädagogisch-phänomenologischen Videographie geht die vorliegende Arbeit mit ihrem Anspruch allerdings über eine empirisch-videographische Studie zur Aufmerksamkeit hinaus. Sie bietet zudem eine Reflexion darauf, wie unterrichtliche Aufmerksamkeit als nicht unmittelbar sichtbare pädagogische Erfahrung und Praxis sowie als pädagogisches Phänomen methodisch angemessen und gehaltvoll beschrieben, tentativ angenähert und zugänglich gemacht, produktiv interpretiert und analysiert werden kann, ohne diese auf Verhalten zu reduzieren; denn die pädagogisch-phänomenologische Videographie setzt die pädagogische Erfahrung, genauer gesagt die leibliche, intersubjektive, vor-sprachliche, vor-reflexive, vor-prädikative Aufmerksamkeitserfahrung der Lernenden und Lehrenden in den Mittelpunkt. Außerdem bietet diese Arbeit in Anlehnung an die Theorien der Aufmerksamkeit von Waldenfels und Meyer-Drawe eine phänomenologische Theorie der Aufmerksamkeit, die sich historisch orientiert, mit unterschiedlichen Diskursen auseinandersetzt und diese pädagogisch konkretisiert. Diese Theorie geht über die kognitive Perspektive heraus und bezeichnet Aufmerksamkeit als ein Zwischengeschehen, das weder eindeutig auf das Subjekt noch eindeutig auf das Objekt zurückgeführt. Nicht zuletzt liefert die Arbeit noch eine interkulturelle Perspektive auf chinesischen und deutschen Schulunterricht, mit der Aufmerksamkeit interkulturell beschrieben und in unterschiedlichen Praxen verglichen werden. / In sociological, philosophical, cultural studies, and educational research, the topic of attention has received a great deal of interest and attention in recent decades, which is reflected in an increasing number of empirical studies, especially in the school classroom. however, with pedagogical-phenomenological videography, which focuses on the pedagogical experience, more precisely on the bodily, intersubjective, pre-linguistic, pre-reflexive, pre-predicative attentional experience of the students and teachers, this dissertation goes beyond an empirical videographic study of attention. It also offers a reflection on how attention as a not directly visible pedagogical experience and practice as well as a pedagogical phenomenon can be methodologically appropriately described, tentatively approached and made accessible, productively interpreted and analyzed. Furthermore, following the attention theories of Waldenfels and Meyer-Drawe, this thesis offers a phenomenological theory of attention that is historically oriented, engages with different discourses, and concretizes them pedagogically. According to this theory, this paper will go beyond the cognitive conception of attention and consider attention as an 'in-between event' that cannot be unambiguously attributed to neither the subject nor the object. Last but not least, the paper provides an intercultural perspective on school teaching in China and Germany. With this perspective, attention is described interculturally and compared in different practices.
142

Privacy-aware data generation : Using generative adversarial networks and differential privacy

Hübinette, Felix January 2022 (has links)
Today we are surrounded by IOT devices that constantly generate different kinds of data about its environment and its users. Much of this data could be useful for different research purposes and development, but a lot of this collected data is privacy-sensitive for the individual person. To protect the individual's privacy, we have data protection laws. But these restrictions by laws also dramatically reduce the amount of data available for research and development. Therefore it would be beneficial if we could find a work around that respects people's privacy without breaking the laws while still maintaining the usefulness of data. The purpose of this thesis is to show how we can generate privacy-aware data from a dataset by using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANS) and Differential Privacy (DP), that maintains data utility. This is useful because it allows for the sharing of privacy-preserving data, so that the data can be used in research and development with concern for privacy. GANS is used for generating synthetic data. DP is an anonymization technique of data. With the combination of these two techniques, we generate synthetic-privacy-aware data from an existing open-source Fitbit dataset. The specific type of GANS model that is used is called CTGAN and differential privacy is achieved with the help of gaussian noise. The results from the experiments performed show many similarities between the original dataset and the experimental datasets. The experiments performed very well at the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, with the lowest P-value of all experiments sitting at 0.92. The conclusion that is drawn is that this is another promising methodology for creating privacy-aware-synthetic data, that maintains reasonable data utility while still utilizing DP techniques to achieve data privacy.
143

The Development, Implementation and Application of Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry to Complex Polymeric Systems

Whitson, Sara E. 17 December 2008 (has links)
No description available.
144

Friction Stir Welding of High-Strength Automotive Steel

Olsen, Eric Michael 05 July 2007 (has links) (PDF)
The following thesis is a study on the ability to create acceptable welds in thin-plate, ultra-high-strength steels (UHSS) by way of friction stir welding (FSW). Steels are welded together to create tailor-welded blanks (TWB) for use in the automotive industry. Dual Phase (DP) 590, 780, and 980 steel as well as Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) 590 steel with thicknesses ranging from 1.2 mm to 1.8 mm were welded using friction stir welding under a variety of processing conditions, including experiments with dissimilar thicknesses. Samples were tested under tensile loads for initial determination if an acceptable weld had been created. Acceptable welds were created in both TRIP 590 and DP 590 at speeds up to 102 centimeters-per-minute. No acceptable welds were created in the DP 780 and DP 980 materials. A series of microhardness measurements were taken across weld samples to gain understanding as to the causes of failure. These data indicate that softening, caused by both excessive heat and insufficient heat can result in weld failure. Not enough heat causes the high concentration of martensite in these materials to temper while too much heat can cause excessive hardening in the weld, through the formation of even more martensite, which tends to promote failure mode during forming operations. Laser welding is one of the leading methods for creating tailor-welded blank. Therefore, laser welded samples of each material were tested and compared to Friction Stir Welded samples. Lower strength and elongation are measured in weld failure while the failure location itself determines the success of a weld. In short, an acceptable weld is one that breaks outside the weld nugget and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) and where the tensile strength (both yield and ultimate) along with the elongation are comparable to the base material. In unacceptable welds, the sample broke in the weld nugget or HAZ while strength and elongations were well below those of the base material samples.
145

Manipulation and Automation of FBJ Short-Axis Fasteners

Wood, Shane Forrest 01 March 2018 (has links)
Legislative and market pressures are pushing automakers to achieve new fuel economy requirements in the coming years. To help achieve these goals automakers are reducing the overall weight of the vehicle by increasing the use of high-strength aluminum and advanced high-strength steels, and with this increased use comes the desire to quickly, and securely, join these materials within the vehicle. Friction bit joining is a process that lends itself well to joining these materials. This process uses consumable fasteners that need to be used in an automated production line. The geometry of these fasteners causes two main problems: the bits have a short longitudinal axis, which makes them difficult to orient, and the welding platform may be used at different angles; requiring a robust reloading system that is indifferent to its orientation.Our research explored ways that these short axis FBJ fasteners could be handled and transported using various automated methods. We tested the use of small mechanical carriages and magnetic tracks to test their viability for transporting FBJ fasteners. The two different types of fasteners that were used in the project are described. Blow feed tubes ended up being a reliable method of transportation given that the fastener has suitable geometry. The superior bit and feed system design were bench tested using a manually controlled feed system. The system was tested in various orientations to test the robustness of the system since the system was designed to be part of the end effector on a production line robot. The testing revealed that the feed tube is a reliable method of bit transportation and mechanical jaws are a suitable solution for FBJ fastener manipulation. These jaws have several key design features that dramatically increase their effectiveness. Suggestions for future work would be an optimized feed tube cross section, improved material properties in the bit jaw, and more air flow at a higher pressure through the feed tube.
146

Teachers’ Situation-Specific Skills With a Particular Focus on Classroom Management / Evidence From a Systematic Review and Novice-Expert Studies

Stahnke, Rebekka 05 July 2021 (has links)
Situations-spezifische Fertigkeiten sind ein wichtiger Teil von Lehrerexpertise und insbesondere im Bereich des Klassenmanagements bedeutsam. Vor dem Hintergrund der Kompetenz- und Expertiseforschung synthetisiert die vorliegende Dissertation bisherige Befunde systematisch und untersucht, wie sich Novizen- und Expertenlehrpersonen in ihren Fertigkeiten hinsichtlich des Klassenmanagements unterscheiden. Studie 1 fasst den Forschungsstand in einem systematischen Review von 60 empirischen Studien zusammen und arbeitet Erkenntnisse zu Fertigkeiten und ihrer Förderung sowie zum konzeptuellen Rahmen der Studien heraus. Für Studie 2 und Studie 3 werden die Fertigkeiten von 20 Noviz*innen und 20 Expert*innen mit Hilfe von Videoausschnitten untersucht, die für das Klassenmanagement relevante Ereignisse zeigen. Studie 2 erforscht mit Hilfe von Eye-Tracking-Methoden insbesondere die Fertigkeit der Wahrnehmung sowie formatspezifische Expertiseeffekte. Es fand sich bei Expert*innen ein Fokus auf Schüler*innen, während Noviz*innen vor allem beim Partnerarbeitsformat weniger ausgeprägte Fertigkeiten zeigten. Studie 3 untersucht anhand von retrospektiven verbalen Analysen Expertiseeffekte hinsichtlich des Wahrnehmens, Interpretierens und Entscheidens. Expertise war erneut durch einen Fokus auf Schüler*innen gekennzeichnet. Zudem boten Expert*innen mehr Handlungsmöglichkeiten an als Noviz*innen. Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen, dass Expert*innen vor allem hinsichtlich des Entscheidens überlegen sind. Weiterhin deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass offenere Unterrichtsformate für Noviz*innen besonders herausfordernd sind. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse wird hinsichtlich der allgemeinen Expertise- und Kompetenzforschung sowie der Klassenmanagementforschung diskutiert. Die Studien zeigen theoretische Inkohärenz hinsichtlich des Konstrukts situations-spezifischer Fertigkeiten auf, sowie eine starke Fokussierung bisheriger Forschung auf Störungen in Frontalunterrichtsszenen. / Situation-specific skills are an important part of teacher expertise and are particularly relevant in the area of classroom management. Against the background of general and classroom management-specific teacher competence and expertise research, this dissertation systematically synthesized previous findings and also investigated how novice and expert teachers differ in their skills with regard to classroom management. Study 1 summarized the state of research in a systematic review of 60 empirical studies, thereby identifying insights into teachers’ skills and their facilitation, as well as the conceptual frameworks of the studies. For Study 2 and Study 3, the skills of 20 novice and 20 expert teachers were examined using video clips that show events relevant to classroom management. Study 2 investigated format-specific expertise effects and, in particular, the skill of perception by using eye tracking methods. Experts were found to focus on students and their learning, while novices showed less pronounced skills, especially in the partner work format. Using teachers’ retrospective verbal analyses of classroom management events, Study 3 examined expertise effects with respect to teachers’ perception, interpretation and decision-making. Again, expertise was characterized by a focus on students. In addition, experts proposed more alternative courses of action than novices. In summary, it can be concluded that experts are superior to novices especially with regard to the skill of decision-making. Furthermore, the results indicate that more open formats of instruction are particularly challenging for novices. The relevance of the results is discussed with regard to general expertise and competence research as well as classroom management research. The studies point to theoretical ambiguities regarding the construct of situation-specific skills, as well as an overemphasis of previous research on behavioral management in whole-group instruction settings.
147

The Synthesis of Benzyloxy Substituted DP-PPVs

Oostendorp, Ryan 21 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
148

The Causes of “Shear Fracture” of Dual-Phase Steels

Sung, Ji-Hyun 23 August 2010 (has links)
No description available.
149

Transforming First Language Learning Platforms towards Adaptivity and Fairness / Models, Interventions and Architecture

Rzepka, Nathalie 10 October 2023 (has links)
In dieser Arbeit zeige ich in einem groß angelegten Experiment die Auswirkungen adaptiver Elemente in einer Online-Lernplattform. Ich werde darauf eingehen, dass die derzeitige Forschung zu Online-Lernplattformen für den L1-Erwerb hauptsächlich deskriptiv ist und dass nur wenige adaptive Lernumgebungen in der Praxis verbreitet sind. In dieser Dissertation werde ich ein Konzept entwickeln, wie adaptives Lernen in L1-Online-Lernplattformen integriert werden kann, und analysieren, ob dies zu verbesserten Lernerfahrungen führt. Dabei konzentriere ich mich auf die Effektivität und Fairness von Vorhersagen und Interventionen sowie auf die geeignete Softwarearchitektur für den Einsatz in der Praxis. Zunächst werden verschiedene Vorhersagemodelle entwickelt, die besonders in Blended-Learning-Szenarien nützlich sind. Anschließend entwickle ich ein Architekturkonzept (adaptive learning as a service), um bestehende Lernplattformen mithilfe von Microservices in adaptive Lernplattformen umzuwandeln. Darauf aufbauend wird ein groß angelegtes online-kontrolliertes Experiment mit mehr als 11.000 Nutzer*innen und mehr als 950.000 eingereichten Rechtschreibaufgaben durchgeführt. In einer abschließenden Studie werden die Vorhersagemodelle auf ihren algorithmischen Bias hin untersucht. Außerdem teste ich verschiedene Techniken zur Verringerung von Bias. Diese Arbeit bietet eine ganzheitliche Sicht auf das adaptive Lernen beim Online-L1-Lernen. Durch die Untersuchung mehrerer Schlüsselaspekte (Vorhersagemodelle, Interventionen, Architektur und Fairness) ermöglicht die Arbeit Schlussfolgerungen sowohl für die Forschung als auch für die Praxis. / In this work I show in a large scale experiment the effect of adding adaptive elements to an online learning platform. I will discuss that the current research on online learning platforms in L1 acquisition is mainly descriptive and that only few adaptive learning environments are prevalent in practice. In this dissertation, I will develop a concept on how to integrate adaptive L1 online learning and analyse if it leads to improved learning experiences. I focus on the effectiveness and fairness of predictions and interventions as well as on the suitable software architecture for use in practice. First, I develop different prediction models, which are particularly useful in blended classroom scenarios. Subsequently, I develop an architectural concept (adaptive learning as a service) to transform existing learning platforms into adaptive learning platforms using microservices. Based on this, a large-scale online-controlled experiment with more than 11,000 users and more than 950,000 submitted spelling tasks is carried out. In the final study, the prediction models are examined for their algorithmic bias, by comparing different machine learning models, varying metrics of fairness, and multiple demographic categories. Furthermore, I test various bias mitigation techniques. The success of bias mitigation approaches depends on the demographic group and metric. However, in-process methods have proven to be particularly successful. This work provides a holistic view of adaptive learning in online L1 learning. By examining several key aspects (predictive models, interventions, architecture, and fairness), the work allows conclusions to be drawn for both research and practice.
150

Neue Medien: neues Lernen - neues Handeln

Buchholtz, Christiane 27 October 2010 (has links)
Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien bieten heute neuartige Möglichkeiten für den Unterricht. Die didaktisch ertragreiche Nutzung dieser neuen Medien verlangt allerdings die Veränderung sowohl der Organisation wie auch der Methoden und Rollen des Lehrens und Lernens, die, wie empirische Studien zeigen, bei großen Teilen der Lehrerinnen und Lehrer noch aussteht. Zielstellung dieser explorativen Studie ist die Entwicklung und empirische Überprüfung eines Lehrerfortbildungskonzeptes, das eine nachhaltige Veränderung des unterrichtlichen Handelns bewirken kann. Im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit werden zunächst mediendidaktische Erkenntnisse diskutiert und daraus der inhaltliche Ansatz der Fortbildung, die Umsetzung einer problemorientierten Lernumgebung mit neuen Medien im Fach Englisch entwickelt. Die Ursachenanalyse der bestehenden didaktischen Defizite im Unterricht mit neuen Medien aus Sicht der professionswissenschaftlichen Forschung zum Lehrerwissen und -handeln zeigt die Veränderungsresistenz unterrichtlicher Routinen, aufgefasst als Unterrichtskripts, auf. Hier setzt die Fortbildung methodisch mit einem dreischrittigen Verfahren an, das den Erwerb neuen Wissens mit dessen praktischer Erprobung und Reflexion verbindet. Dem empirischen Teil der Arbeit liegt ein Prä-Post-Untersuchungsdesign zugrunde, zu denen die unterrichtlichen Handlungsmuster der Lehrpersonen als Niederschlag ihrer Unterrichtsskripts im Fremdbeurteilungsverfahren erfasst werden. Die Analyse der Veränderung auf Gruppenebene mit quantitativen Verfahren und die Auswertungen auf Ebene der einzelnen Lehrpersonen mittels typisierender Verfahren zeigen eine Hinwendung zu einem problemorientierten Lehren und Lernen sowohl im Hinblick auf die gewählte Aufgabenstellung als auch in ihren Ablauf- und Interaktionsmustern. Insgesamt weist die Studie das Fortbildungskonzept als einen fruchtbaren Ansatz dafür aus, eine Neuorientierung beim Unterricht mit neuen Medien anzustoßen. / In today’s modern information society and knowledge economy new media offer novel possibilities for teaching and learning processes in school. Nevertheless, an effective use of new media in instruction requires changes in its organisation as well as in teaching methods and the role of the teacher. Empirical studies show that many teachers still have to implement this kind of reorientation. This explorative study aims to develop and test a concept for the professional development of teachers, which leads to a sustained change of their teaching. Based on prior research on media in instruction, a theoretical framework is developed that applies problem-based learning to the professional development of teachers of English. Also, didactical deficits in the use of new media in instruction are analyzed with a focus on teachers’ cognition. It shows that the existing teaching routines, represented in the form of lesson scripts, constrain a reorientation of teacher performance. Hence, the professional development focuses on changing these routines by devising a procedure consisting of three steps, which combines the acquisition of new knowledge with practicing it and reflecting the practice. The empirical part of this thesis is based on a pre-postdesign. For all participants of the professional training the patterns of action in class were observed and tested in a third-party assessment. The data was transformed into lesson scripts. Both the analysis at group level, which used quantitative methods, and the analysis on the individual level of the teacher using classifying methods showed that after the training the participants made more use of problem-based teaching and learning. This reorganisation happened on the level of the chosen tasks as well as with regard to the interaction models. All in all, the study showed that the concept of professional training developed for this study is a promising approach to initiate the required reorientation in education with new media.

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