Réussir le forage d'un puits pétrolier le plus rapidement possible et à moindre coût est devenu un défi continu pour les professionnels du secteur. Pour relever ce défi, un bon dimensionnement des installations de forage s'impose. La meilleure prédiction des pertes liées aux frottements entre la garniture de forage et les parois du puits, notamment pour les puits à trajectoires fortement déviées, est un atout majeur pour ce dimensionnement. <br/>Les modèles usuels de prédiction des frottements montrent certaines insuffisances lorsque la trajectoire du puits se complexifie. Un nouveau modèle de calcul de frottements dans les puits de forage à trajectoires complexes a été développé et validé. Ce modèle utilise une méthode tridimensionnelle de reconstitution de la trajectoire intégrant à la fois la courbure et la torsion géométrique. Contrairement aux modèles classiques, qui supposent simplement que la garniture repose par gravité sur la paroi basse du trou de forage et qui négligent souvent la rigidité des tiges, le nouveau modèle rigide calcule la vraie déformée de la garniture de forage à l'intérieur du trou via un algorithme itératif de contact unilatéral. En outre, pour un gain important du temps de calcul, le modèle se base sur une intégration numérique directe des équations d'équilibre local sans avoir recours à la méthode des éléments finis.<br/>La comparaison avec un modèle couramment utilisé dans l'industrie de forage, appelé modèle LISSE, a été effectuée sur plusieurs puits réels et théoriques. Il ressort de cette comparaison que le nouveau modèle vient palier plusieurs faiblesses du modèle LISSE dans le cas des trajectoires à géométrie complexe (surestimation des zones de contacts et des forces de contact en présence de micro-tortuosité, non sensibilité au signe du gradient d'azimut en présence de fort gauchissement, hypothèse de contact sur la paroi basse du trou pas toujours vérifiée). Par ailleurs, la confrontation avec les mesures du terrain pour la plupart des puits à géométrie bidimensionnelle ou faiblement tridimensionnelle avec des faibles dog legs (ne dépassant pas 2 à 3°/30 m) fournit généralement des concordances entre les résultats des deux types de modèles et les valeurs mesurées. En revanche, en présence de tortuosités et dog legs locaux le nouveau modèle fournit une meilleure prédiction des pertes en frottement.

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An operating vehicle requires energy to oppose the subjected driving resistances. This energy is supplied via the fuel combustion in the engine. Decreasing the opposing driving resistances for an operating vehicle increases its fuel efficiency: an effect which is highly valued in today’s industry, both from an environmental and economical point of view. Therefore a lot of progress has been made during recent years in the area of fuel efficient vehicles, even though some driving resistances still rises perplexity. These resistances are the air drag Fd generated by the viscous air opposing the vehicles propulsion and the rolling resistance Frr generated mainly by the hysteresis caused by the deformation cycle of the viscoelastic pneumatic tires. The energy losses associated with the air drag and rolling resistance account for the majority of the driving resistances facing an operating vehicle, and depends on numerous stochastic and ambient parameters, some of which are highly correlated both within and between the two resistances. To increase the understanding of the driving mechanics behind the energy losses associated with the complexity that is rolling resistance, a set of complete vehicle tests has been carried out. These tests were carried out on the test track Malmby Fairground, using a Scania CV AB developed R440 truck equipped with various sensors connected in one measurement system. Under certain conditions, these parameters can allow for an investigation of the rolling resistance, and a separation of the rolling resistance and air drag via explicit subtraction of the air drag from the measured traction force. This method is possible since the aerodynamic property AHDVCd(β) to some extent can be generated from wind tunnel tests and CFD simulations. Two measurement series that enable the above formulated method of separation were designed and carried out, using two separate measurement methods. One which enables the investigation of the transient nature of rolling resistance as it strives for stationarity, where the vehicle is operated under constant velocities i.e. no acceleration, and one using the well established method of coastdown, where no driving torque is applied. The drive cycles spanned a range of velocities, which allowed for dynamic and stationary analyses of both the tire temperature- and the velocity dependence of rolling resistance. When analysing the results of the transient analysis, a strong dependence upon tire temperature for given constant low velocity i.e. v ≤ 60 kmh−1 was clearly visible. The indicated dependency showed that the rolling resistance decreased as the tire temperature increased over time at a given velocity, and vice versa, towards a stationary temperature and thereby rolling resistance. The tire temperature evolution from one constant velocity to another, took place well within 50 min to a somewhat stationary value. However, even though the tire temperature had reached stationarity, rolling resistance did not; there seemed to be a delay between stationary tire temperature, and rolling resistance. The results did not indicate any clear trends for v ≥ 60 kmh−1, where the results at v = 80 kmh−1 were chaotic. This suggests that some additional forces were uncompensated for, or that the compensation for air drag was somehow wrongly treated at higher velocities. Several factors ruled out any attempts at proposing a new rolling resistance model. These included: the chaotic results for v = 80 kmh−1, the delayed rolling resistance response upon tire temperature stabilization, and the lack of literature support for the observed tendency. The results from the coastdown series on the other hand, showed good agreement with a dynamical model suggested in literature. The stationary temperature behaviour for the considered velocity range at assumed constant condition is also supported in literature. Finally, an investigation of the aerodynamic property AHDVCd inspired by ongoing work in ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association), was carried out assuming both zero and non-zero air drag at low velocities. The results indicated surprisingly good agreement with wind tunnel measurements, especially when neglecting air drag at low velocities: as suggested by ACEA. / För att övervinna de motstånd som ett fordon utsätts för under drift krävs energi, vilket levereras genom förbränningen av bränsle. Genom att minska de körmotstånd som ett fordon utsätts för under drift, kan man öka dess energieffektivitet. Denna potential är idag högt värderad i fordonsindustrin, både ur ett miljömässigt och ekonomiskt perspektiv. På senare år har stora framsteg gjorts inom området energieffektiva fordon, men fortfarande råder det förvirring kring de energiförluster som förknippas med luftmotstånd Fd och rullmotstånd Frr, där luftmotståndet skapas av den omkringliggande viskösa luften, medan rullmotståndet genereras av hysteresen som uppstår när fordonets viskoelastiska pneumatiska däck utsätts för deformation. De energiförluster som förknippas med luft- och rullmotstånd motsvarar den största delen av de motstånd som ett fordon påverkas av, och beror på en mängd stokastiska och yttre parametrar, varav vissa är starkt korrelerade både inom och mellan nämnda motstånd. För att förbättra förståelsen kring dessa energiförluster, med fokus på förståelsen av rullmotstånd, har ett antal helfordonstest genomförts. Dessa genomfördes på provbanan Malmby Fairground med en R440 lastbil från Scania CV AB, utrustad med en mängd sensorer sammankopplade i ett mätsystem. Det uppbyggda mätsystemet möjliggjorde samtida mätningar av bl.a. drivande moment, motorvarv, fordonshastighet, däcktemperatur, omkringliggande lufts hastighet och dess riktning. Under specifika förhållanden kunde dessa parametrar möjliggöra analys av rullmotstånd genom en explicit subtraktion av luftmotstånd från den uppmätta drivande kraften. Denna metod är möjlig tack vare en förhållandevis bra modell av ekipagets aerodynamiska egenskap AHDVCd(β), som generats från vindtunneltest och CFD simuleringar. Två körcykler som möjliggjorde ovan formulerade separation designades och genomfördes. Dessa använder två skilda mätmetoder, varav den ena möjliggör analys av rullmotståndets övergående förlopp från dynamiskt till stationärt genom att hålla konstant hastighet. Den andra studerade det dynamiska förloppet genom den väletablerade metoden utrullning, dvs. utan något drivande moment. Dessa körcyklar genomfördes, för ett antal hastigheter, vilket möjliggjorde analys av både hastighets- och däcktemperaturberoendet hos rullmotstånd, under dynamiska såväl som stationära förlopp. Analysen av rullmotståndets dynamik i strävan mot stationära förhållanden visade på ett starkt temperaturberoende vid låga hastigheter dvs. v ≤ 60 kmh−1. Beroendet visade på att rullmotståndet avtog med ökande däcktemperatur och vice versa, tills dess att en någorlunda stationär temperatur för given hastighet uppnåtts. Däcktemperaturen stabiliserades till ett nytt stationärt värde inom 50 min från att hastigheten ändrats. Resultaten tyder dock på att även om stationär däcktemperatur uppnåtts finns det en fördröjning i rullmotståndets tidsspann innan rullmotståndet stabiliserat sig. För högre hastigheter, dvs. v ≥ 60 kmh-1, var dock inga klara trender synliga, varken i hastighet eller temperatur och resultaten vid v = 80 kmh-1 var kaotiska. Detta antyder att man missat att kompensera för någon kraft vid höga hastigheter, alternativt att man på något sätt kompenserar fel för luftmotståndet vid högre hastigheter. Flera faktorer hindrade försök att föreslå någon ny rullmotståndsmodell. Dessa faktorer inkluderar det kaotiska resultatet vid v = 80 kmh-1, tidsfördröjningen mellan stationärt rullmotstånd och däcktemperatur samt att resultatet för antagna stationära värden inte finner stöd i litteraturen. Resultatet från utrullningsprovet överstämmer dock bra med tidigare föreslagen dynamisk modell, samt att resultaten av beteendet hos stationär temperatur för olika hastigheter även de överensstämmer med och finner stöd i litteraturen. Slutligen har en studie kring den aerodynamiska egenskapen AHDVCd, inspirerad av pågående arbete inom ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association) utförts både med antagandet av ett noll- skilt och med ett försumbart luftmotstånd vid låga hastigheter. Resultatet visar på en överraskande god överensstämmelse med vindtunnelmätningar, framför allt under antagandet av försumbart luftmotstånd vid låga hastigheter i enlighet med förslagen metod från ACEA.

This thesis builds on previous work on the relationship between queer identities and urban space. Drawing from an analysis of two recurring New Orleans-based queer women’s events, I examine how lesbians and queer women not only use but also actively produce social spaces of their own through participation in events organized specifically for lesbians and queer women. Using qualitative methods, I examine the ephemeral and transient quality of lesbian and queer women’s social spaces in post-Katrina New Orleans and the processes through which such spaces come into being. I argue that lesbian and queer women’s production of ephemeral social spaces provides an opportunity to ground informal social networks in urban spatial locations, to sustain internal visibility, and to create embodied impressions of a cohesive community by emphasizing the role of the body, not geographic borders, for reimagining social territories in urban landscapes. Within this context, attention is given to the class-based and racial projects that affect the trajectory of contemporary queer urban space formation and queer women’s experiences therein.

Les matériaux absorbants acoustiques, qui sont d’un intérêt stratégique en aéronautique pour la diminution passive du bruit des réacteurs d’avion, conduisent à une physique complexe où l’écoulement turbulent, des ondes acoustiques, et l’absorbant interagissent. Cette thèse porte sur la simulation de cette interaction dans le problème modèle d’un écoulement de canal turbulent avec des parois impédantes, par le biais de simulations numériques aux grandes échelles implicites, dans un contexte de calcul haute performance.Une étude est d’abord faite des grandes échelles dans un canal turbulent avec des parois rigides, en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à l’effet d’une faible compressibilité (Mach <3) sur les caractéristiques de ces échelles.Un canal turbulent avec une paroi de type impédance est ensuite simulé, avec une condition habituelle de périodicité dans le sens de l’écoulement. On observe que pour des faibles valeurs de la résistance et des fréquences de résonance basses, l’écoulement est instable, ce qui engendre une onde le long de l’absorbant, qui modifie la turbulence et augmente la trainée.Enfin, on se tourne vers une simulation de canal spatial en levant la condition de périodicité dans la direction de l’écoulement, ce qui permet d’introduire une onde acoustique en entrée de domaine. L’atténuation de l’onde dans l’écoulement turbulent est étudiée avec des parois rigides, puis un absorbant acoustique est introduit. Dans cette configuration plus réaliste, il est confirmé que l’écoulement peut devenir instable au bord amont de l’absorbant, ce qui empêche l’atténuation de l’onde acoustique incidente. / Acoustic liners are a key technology in aeronautics for the passive reduction of the noise generated by aircraft engines. They are employed in a complex flow scenario in which the acoustic waves, the turbulent flow, and the acoustic liner are interacting.During this thesis, in a context of high performance computing, a compressible Navier-Stokes solver has been developed to perform implicit large eddy simulations of a model problem of this interaction: a turbulent plane channel flow with one wall modeled as an impedance condition.As a preliminary step the wall-turbulence in rigid channel flows and associated large-scale motions are investigated. A straightforward algorithm to detect these flow features is developed and the effect of compressibility on the flow structures and their contribution to the drag are studied. Then, the interaction between the acoustic liner and turbulent flow is investigated assuming periodicity in the streamwise direction. It is shown that low resistance and low resonance frequency tend to trigger flow instability, which modifies the conventional wall-turbulence and also results in drag increase.Finally, the simulation of a spatial channel flow was addressed. In this case no periodicity is assumed and an acoustic wave can be injected at the inlet of the domain. The effect of turbulence on sound attenuation is studied without liner, before a liner is introduced on a part of the channel bottom wall. In this more realistic case, it is confirmed that low resistance acoustic liners trigger an instability at the leading edge of the liner, resulting in drag increase and excess noise generation.

Submitted by Verena Pereira (verenagoncalves@uefs.br) on 2017-02-17T22:06:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Final (Corre??es) - Eduardo Mendes.pdf: 20884254 bytes, checksum: 2f9c97501da8a0259ee7afa7dee7506d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T22:06:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Final (Corre??es) - Eduardo Mendes.pdf: 20884254 bytes, checksum: 2f9c97501da8a0259ee7afa7dee7506d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / In this research we studied evasive maneuvers to avoid collisions in an environment with debris, enabling missions to the space. When a collision occurs, usually the space vehicle is completely damaged and destroyed, thus ensuring that the satellite avoids this collision will preserve the objective of the mission. In this study, we will see how a space vehicle can perform an evasive maneuver through thedriveline under the effect of the atmospheric drag force, whose efficiency will be established through the settings of technological parameters, which are the amount of fuel in the space vehicle and the ability to eject the propellant through the propulsion system. The purpose of the evasive maneuver is to avoid the collision but to keep the vehicle in its nominal orbit. At first we found several initial conditions of collision with the space vehicle under the influence of Earth's gravitational force, to ensure that there would be a collision between objects, from that on, the propulsion force was applied, after that, considering only the effect of atmospheric drag on the objects and right after the two collisional objects were brought under the effect of both forces, the force of the atmospheric drag and the propulsion together. In search of the most economical maneuver, from the point of view of fuel consumption, maneuvers were performed with lower propulsion drive time, and at different times of the trajectory of the vehicle and also at random times with the use of the propulsion force . The maneuvers were found through numerical simulations for each mathematical model of disturbances added to the orbital dynamics under the influence of the gravitational force. / Neste trabalho, fizemos o estudo de manobras evasivas para evitar colis?es em ambiente de detritos, viabilizando as miss?es espaciais. Quando ocorre uma colis?o, normalmente o ve?culo espacial fica totalmente danificado e destru?do, portanto, garantir ao sat?lite o desvio da colis?o, preservar? o objetivo da miss?o. Neste estudo, veremos como um ve?culo espacial pode executar uma manobra evasiva, atrav?s do sistema propulsor, sob o efeito da for?a de arrasto atmosf?rico, cuja efici?ncia ser? estabelecida atrav?s das configura??es dos par?metros tecnol?gicos, sendo estes, a quantidade de combust?vel do ve?culo espacial e a capacidade de ejetar propelente pelo sistema propulsor. O objetivo da manobra evasiva ? evitar a colis?o, mas, mantendo o ve?culo em sua ?rbita nominal. A princ?pio foi encontrado um conjunto de condi??es iniciais de colis?o com o ve?culo espacial sob o efeito da for?a gravitacional da Terra, para garantir que haveria a colis?o entre os objetos e, a partir disto, foi aplicada a for?a de propuls?o, depois considerando somente o efeito do arrasto atmosf?rico sobre os objetos e logo ap?s, o ve?culo espacial e o detrito foram postos sob o efeito de ambas da for?a de propuls?o e do arrasto atmosf?rico, juntas. Em busca da manobra mais econ?mica, do ponto de vista do consumo de combust?vel, foram executadas manobras com tempo de acionamento de propuls?o menor, e em diferentes momentos da trajet?ria do ve?culo e tamb?m por tempos aleat?rios de acionamento de for?a de propuls?o. As manobras foram determinadas atrav?s de simula??es num?ricas para cada modelo matem?tico das perturba??es adicionadas ? din?mica orbital sob o efeito da for?a gravitacional.

Submitted by Verena Pereira (verenagoncalves@uefs.br) on 2018-11-14T22:49:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o de Jadiane(C).pdf: 1600835 bytes, checksum: 6b3162236247731029b8ced5d94cc873 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-14T22:49:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o de Jadiane(C).pdf: 1600835 bytes, checksum: 6b3162236247731029b8ced5d94cc873 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-07 / Earth's operational orbiting satellites are very useful for space science because it has great features as these services enable research and space explorations for scientific, commercial, and military interests as well. However, the increasing flow of space activities has increased the amount of debris orbiting in the operating regions, thereby increasing the chances of collisions in those areas, and allowing immeasurable damages if the satellite remains in this collision orbit. In view of the large number of operational objects, the study of evasive maneuvers for space vehicles has been growing, and this one is important in face of the possibility of collisions, not only with a single debris but with clouds of space debris. The objective of the evasive maneuver is to avoid collision, but by keeping the vehicle in its orbit nominally. The history of the phenomenon, that is, how it evolves over time, is found when the differential equation that represents the phenomenon is solved. From the point of view of Physics and Mathematics, the more realistic the model, the more difficult is the solution of the differential equations representing the phenomenon. Thus, this work seeks to present the analytical and semi-analytical solutions for the equations describing the relative dynamics between two bodies subjected to gravitational force, Chohessy-Wiltshire equations, under the influence of forces: gravitational, atmospheric drag, chemical propulsion ( exponential model and linear model), atmospheric drag plus chemical propulsion and plasma propulsion, and finally present their respective computational simulations. These simulations made it possible to show what happens to the operational satellites against a collision, for each specified model. With the contribution of the development of the atmospheric drag equation, with the drag coefficient varying / Os sat?lites operacionais em ?rbita da Terra s?o muito ?teis para a Ci?ncia Espacial, pois possuem grandes aplica??es e fun??es. Seus servi?os possibilitam pesquisas e explora??es espaciais para interesses cient?ficos, comerciais e tamb?m militares. Por?m, o crescente fluxo das atividades espaciais tem elevado a quantidade de detritos orbitando nas regi?es operacionais e, desse modo, aumentando as chances de colis?es nessas ?reas, e possibilitando imensur?veis preju?zos, caso o sat?lite permane?a nessa ?rbita de colis?o. Diante da grande quantidade de objetos operacionais e n?o operacionais, o estudo de manobras evasivas para os ve?culos espaciais torna-se urgente e necess?rio, visto a possibilidade de colis?es, n?o s? com um ?nico detrito, mas com nuvens de detritos espaciais. O objetivo da manobra evasiva ? evitar a colis?o, mas, mantendo o ve?culo em sua ?rbita nominal. A hist?ria do fen?meno, ou seja, como ele evolui no tempo, ? encontrada quando a equa??o diferencial que o representa ? resolvida. Assim obtemos a posi??o relativa entre os objetos colisionais no tempo. Do ponto de vista da F?sica e da Matem?tica, quanto mais realista for o modelo, mais dif?cil ser? a solu??o das equa??es diferenciais representantes do fen?meno. Assim, este trabalho busca apresentar as solu??es anal?ticas e semi-anal?tica para as equa??es que descrevem a din?mica relativa entre dois corpos sob a atua??o das for?as: gravitacional, de arrasto atmosf?rico, propuls?o qu?mica (modelo exponencial e modelo linear) e propuls?o plasma. Por fim, busca apresentar suas respectivas simula??es computacionais. Estas simula??es possibilitaram mostrar o que acontece com os sat?lites operacionais frente ? uma colis?o, para cada um modelo especificado. Outra contribui??o deste trabalho ? solu??o semi-anal?tica da din?mica relativa com arrasto atmosf?rico para densidade atmosf?rica n?o constante

O escoamento líquido-líquido, em especial o escoamento óleo-água, vem atraindo a atenção de pesquisadores devido à alta demanda pelo combustível fóssil no atual cenário petrolífero mundial e nacional. Os desafios tecnológicos colocados pelas descobertas de reservas de óleos pesados e altamente viscosos consideram, em especial, a preocupação por minimizar as perdas energéticas nas linhas. Emulsões inversas ou dispersões óleo-em-água, na qual o óleo se encontra disperso de maneira uniforme em água, caracteriza-se pela baixa viscosidade aparente, tornando-se um tipo de emulsão desejável em algumas etapas do transporte de petróleo. Esses fatos tornam essencial o estudo deste tipo de padrão para o dimensionamento e operação ótima de dutos de produção de petróleo. Contudo, não existe ainda um número abrangente de trabalhos sobre padrão disperso líquido-líquido, ao comparar com escoamento em fases separadas. Trabalhos sobre dispersões têm reportado redução de atrito sem a adição de substâncias químicas em regime turbulento. No entanto, não há ainda um entendimento satisfatório do fenômeno. Na maioria dos trabalhos, sendo quase todos realizados com óleos leves e pouco viscosos, a redução é reportada em dispersões água-em-óleo, com escassos trabalhos reportando o fenômeno em dispersões óleo-em-água. A pesquisa realizada tratou do estudo experimental e teórico de dispersões óleo-em-água em tubulações. O escoamento foi caracterizado a partir da obtenção de dados de holdup, gradiente de pressão por fricção, distribuição das fases e padrão de escoamento. Uma teoria foi proposta para explicar a redução de atrito detectada neste trabalho, baseada na existência de um filme fino de água que escoa em contato com a parede do tubo, a baixos números de Reynolds, evitando o contato direto do núcleo turbulento (mistura bifásica) com a parede do tubo. O referido filme líquido foi detectado e quantificado utilizando-se técnica visual. Além disso, um modelo dinâmico baseado na teoria de lubrificação hidrodinâmica foi desenvolvido como tentativa de explicar a formação do filme líquido parietal no escoamento turbulento de dispersões óleo-água. / Liquid-liquid flow, especially oil-water flow, has attracted the attention of researchers due to the high demand for petroleum in the current global scenario. The discovery of reserves of heavy and highly viscous oils creates new challenges which are mainly concerned with reducing the significant pressure drop in pipes. Inverse emulsion or oil-in-water dispersions in which the oil is dispersed in water is characterized by its low effective viscosity, making it a desirable type of emulsion in some steps of oil production. These facts make the study of dispersed liquid-liquid flow essential for the design and optimal operation of oil pipelines. However, the studies on such flow pattern are scanty in comparison to those on separate flows, as stratified and annular flow patterns. Drag reduction in oil-water turbulent flow without the addition of any chemical substance has been reported in some studies. This phenomenon has received increasing attention in recent years, because there is not a satisfactory understanding of its dynamics yet. Most studies, almost all using light oils, report drag reduction in dispersion of water-in-oil, with few studies reporting the phenomenon in oil-in-water dispersions. This research comprises an experimental and theoretical study on oil-in-water dispersions in pipes. Pressure gradient, holdup, phase distribution and flow patterns data were obtained to characterize the two-phase flow. A theory was proposed to explain the drag reduction detected in this work, based on the existence of a thin water film flowing in contact with the pipe wall at low Reynolds numbers, avoiding contact between the turbulent core (mixture) and the pipe wall. The liquid film was detected and quantified using visual technique. In addition, a dynamic model based on the hydrodynamic lubrication theory was developed as an attempt to explain the formation of the liquid film.

The diploma thesis The Role of Travesty Show in Media Culture is concerned with a question if we can find some similarities between the way how media presents travesty show and the way how people think and talk about this kind of entertainment. As a research method I chose qualitative content analysis and questionnaire. Theoretical part focuses on explanation of technical terms, history of homosexuality, queer culture, queer theory, travesty show and history. In practical part I will create concrete codes from qualitative content analysis and from these codes I will make categories. Part of practical part is also a questionnaire. In the end of this thesis I will compare the codes from qualitative content analysis with the answers from the questionnaire. And based on this comparison I will find out if there exist any similarities between the way how media presents travesty show and the way how people think and talk about this kind of entertainment.

Dans un système de machines rotatives comme un moteur à turbine, les paliers d'éléments roulants à grande vitesse jouent un rôle important dans le support de l'arbre ou du rotor rotatif, et ont besoin d'une lubrification pour assurer leur fonction. Sauf qu'une petite quantité d'huile est nécessaire pour former le film lubrifiant élastohydrodynamique dans la zone de contact, la plus grande partie du lubrifiant reste en suspension dans l'air, formant un mélange huile/air. Ce phénomène entraîne des pertes hydrauliques parasitaires excessives lorsque les éléments roulants se translatent et tournent dans l'environnement fluide, ce qui peut constituer une partie relativement importante de la perte de puissance totale du roulement, appelée traînée d'enroulement et pertes de barattage. Pour une vitesse de rotation jusqu'à 3× 106 Ndm, la contribution de la traînée/dérive au total peut atteindre 50%. Cependant, jusqu'à présent, il existe peu d'approches utilisées directement pour l'estimation des pertes par traînage, qui ne pouvait fournir qu'une approximation plutôt grossière. Dans cette thèse, la méthode CFD est utilisée pour analyser d'abord l'écoulement autour d'un cylindre circulaire de longueur finie avec deux extrémités libres dans un espace ouvert. Ensuite, le modèle est remplacé par plusieurs cylindres circulaires en ligne pris en sandwich par deux parois plates, ce qui représente une approche simplifiée. Le fluide est ici considéré comme incompressible, représentant un fluide monophasé équivalent pour l'écoulement diphasique huile/air à l'intérieur de la cavité de palier avec des propriétés de fluide spécifiées. Les résultats indiquent que l'écoulement autour de l'élément de rouleau de longueur finie est perturbé par ses deux extrémités libres, les anneaux environnants, la cage et d'autres éléments roulants. Il est proposé une relation entre le coefficient de traînée et le nombre de Reynolds approprié pour un cylindre circulaire dans les roulements à rouleaux (1<L/D<6), ainsi qu'une formulation pour la prévision des pertes de barattage. L'écoulement diphasique huile/air à l'intérieur de la cavité de palier avec lubrification sous la course est également étudié dans ce travail. Le volume couplé de niveau de fluide (CLS-VOF) est utilisé pour démontrer la distribution du lubrifiant le long de la circonférence du palier. L'effet de divers facteurs est étudié, par ex. la vitesse d'injection d'huile, le diamètre de la buse, les propriétés de l'huile et l'angle d'injection de l'huile. La vitesse de rotation de tous les composants du palier est étudiée en particulier pour quantifier leur influence sur la fraction du volume d'huile à l'intérieur de la cavité du palier. Les résultats démontrent que non seulement la vitesse de rotation relative de l'anneau interne, mais la vitesse de la cage elle-même pourrait changer la distribution d'huile. / In a rotating machinery system like turbine engine, high speed rolling element bearings play an important role in supporting the rotating shaft or rotor, and need lubrication to insure their function. Except a small quantity of oil is needed to form the elastohydrodynamic lubricant film in the contact zone, most of lubricant remains in suspension in air, forming an oil/air mixture. This phenomenon leads to excessive parasitic hydraulic losses when rolling elements translate and rotate into the fluid environment, which may constitute a relatively large portion of the bearing's total power loss, named windage drag and churning losses. For high speed applications, i.e. for rotational speed up to 3× 10^6 Ndm, the contribution of drag/windage loss to the total one may reach up to 50%. However, so far there are few approaches used directly for drag and churning losses estimation, which could only provide a rather gross approximation. In this thesis, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is employed to analyze first the flow around one finite-length circular cylinder with two free ends in an open space. Then the model is changed to several in-line circular cylinders sandwiched by two flat walls, which represents a simplified approach. The fluid here is regarded as incompressible, representing an equivalent one-phase fluid for the oil/air two-phase flow inside the bearing cavity with specified fluid properties. The results indicate that the flow around the finite length roller element is perturbed by its two free ends, the surrounding rings, the cage and other rolling elements. A relationship between the drag coefficient and the Reynolds number suitable for circular cylinder in roller bearings (1<L/D<6) is proposed, as well as a formulation for churning losses prediction. The oil/air two phase flow inside the bearing cavity with under-race lubrication is also studied in this work. The coupled level-set volume of fluid (CLS-VOF) method is employed to demonstrate the lubricant distribution along the bearing circumference. The effect of various factors is studied, e.g. the oil injection velocity, the nozzle diameter, the oil properties, and the oil injecting angle. Rotational speed of all the bearing components are studied particularly to quantify their influence to the oil volume fraction inside the bearing cavity. The results demonstrate that not only the inner-ring relative rotational speed, but the cage speed itself could change the oil distribution. The results can be used for the precise lubrication design to optimate the oil distribution inside the bearing.