Vår uppsats undersöker och behandlar digital marknadsföring, attityd och medvetenheten om de hälsorisker som är förenade med energi- och funktionsdrycksbranschen. Idag är konsumtionen av energi- och funktionsdryck omdiskuterad, i Sverige har flera företag aktivt valt att marknadsföra sina produkter som en funktionsdryck riktad till träning istället för den ”vanliga” energidrycken. Olika marknadsföringsstrategier används aktivt för att skapa relationer med sina konsumenter och kunder, allt vanligare blir det att företag använder sig specifikt av sociala medier. Syftet med vår undersökning är att undersöka om attityd, medvetenhet kring hälsoriskerna och graden av exponering av marknadsföringen leder till ett ökat köpbeteendet av energi- och funktionsdryck. Undersökningen utförs med hjälp av tidigare forskning, en enkätundersökning och observationer. De observationer som genomförts i undersökningen är av kvalitativ karaktär samt en enkätundersökning av kvantitativ karaktär. Studien utgår från teorin “The Theory of Planned Behaviour” framtagen av Ajzen 1991 som ligger till grund för vår egen analysmodell för att testa våra tre hypoteser. Utifrån vår studie kunde vi dra slutsatsen att H1: “En positiv attityd till energi- och funktionsdryck leder till ett ökat köpbeteende” förkastas medan H2: “Ju mindre medveten konsumenten är om hälsoriskerna förenade med konsumtion av energi- eller funktionsdryck, desto mer ökar köpbeteendet” och H3: “Ju mer digital marknadsföring konsumenten exponeras för, desto mer ökar köpbeteendet” accepteras. Trots att tidigare forskning påvisat att de tre oberoende variablerna har en påverkan på köpbeteendet så visade vår studie att en positiv attityd inte ökar köpbeteendet av energi- och funktionsdryck bland ungdomar och unga vuxna. / Our essay examines digital marketing, attitudes and awareness of the health risks associated with the energy drink- and functional beverage industry. Usage of energy drink and functional beverage is today a controversial topic, several Swedish companies have actively decided to promote their products as functional beverages intended to drink in training context instead of labeling it like a "regular" energy drink. The purpose of our study is to investigate whether attitudes, awareness of the health risks and the degree of exposure to marketing lead to an increased buying behavior of energy drinks and functional beverages. The survey is conducted with the help of previous research, a survey and observations. The observations form the basis for the survey and the study is based on the theory “The Theory of Planned Behavior” developed by Ajzen in 1991. From “The Theory of Planned Behavior” we have designed our own analysis model to test our three hypotheses. Based on our study, we could conclude that H1 is rejected while H2 and H3 are accepted. Although previous research has shown that the three independent variables have an impact on increased buying behavior, our study showed that a positive attitude does not increase the buying behavior of energy drinks and functional beverages among adolescents and young adults. This study is written in Swedish

No description available.

Магистерская диссертация углубляет современные научные представления о содержании тематической группы «напитки». Исследование представляет собой опыт сопоставительного анализа лексических единиц русского и китайского языков, входящих в тематическую группу «напитки». Исследуемая тематическая группа «напитки» представлена тематическими подгруппами «алкогольные напитки» и «безалкогольные напитки». Были выделены лексем, которые являются культурно-специфическими для каждого из исследуемых языков. / The master’s thesis sheds light on the modern scientific views on the content of the themе group «drinks». The study is an experience of comparative analysis of lexical units of Russian and Chinese languages included in the themе group «drinks». The studied themе group «drinks» is represented by themе subgroups «strong drinks» and «soft drinks». Lexemes that are culturally specific for each of the studied languages were identified.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-07T15:22:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Gabriela Vieira do Amaral.pdf: 1320069 bytes, checksum: bc0ab4f1fe7a912edee70092297020a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T15:22:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Gabriela Vieira do Amaral.pdf: 1320069 bytes, checksum: bc0ab4f1fe7a912edee70092297020a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Emerging supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCD) technology has been studied as a cold pasteurizing agent, however, few studies are available on its efficiency in dairy products. In this study, the effects of SCCD processing by different pressures 14, 16 and 18 MPa (35 ? 2 ?C / 10 min) on whey drink, whey drink and grape juice were investigated in comparison To conventional pasteurization (heat treatment at 72 ?C / 15 s). Physicochemical analyzes of pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and volatile compounds were performed. The color, particle size, rheology, physical stability, as well as microbiological quality and sensory analysis of beverages were also smoothed. The results of this study evidenced the absence of differences between treatments in pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, total anthocyanins and DPPH activity (p> 0.05). A direct relationship between SCCD pressure and ACE inhibitory activity was observed, with 34.63, 38.75 and 44.31% (14, 16 and 18 MPa, respectively). Few differences were found in the volatile compounds profile. The beverage processing by SCCD resulted in a product with lower particle diameter, lower consistency index and a reduction in pseudoplastic character compared to the beverage treated by the conventional process. No effect of high pressure CO2 on the sensorial attributes of the drink was observed for the studied levels. Consumers found no difference between CO2 treated beverages and heat-treated beverages. The results confirm the processing of SCCD as a promising technology for the non-thermal treatment of grape whey drink made available a health and wellness promoter beverage. Background: Non-thermal food processing is configured as an interesting alternative for the food industry due to the increased nutrient retention and minimal sensory changes in processed products. Scope and approach: The aim of this review is to address the potential of supercritical carbon dioxide technology, emphasizing milk and dairy processing, including the historical aspects, main advantages, microbial inactivation mechanisms, as well as effects in some quality parameters of dairy products. Key findings and conclusions: The use of supercritical carbon dioxide technology (SC-CO2) presents great potential application in dairy processing, since it is effective to reduce microbial load when compared to the pasteurization process, thus obtaining a product with greater shelf life and better organoleptic properties with minimal and sometimes positive changes in the intrinsic quality parameters The effect of supercritical carbon dioxide technology (SCCD, 140, 160, and 180 bar at 35 ? 2 ?C for 10 min) on whey-grape juice drink characteristics was investigated. Physicochemical characterization (pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids), bioactive compounds ( phenolic compunds, anthocyanins , DPPH and ACE activity) and the volatile compounds were performed. Absence of differences were found among treatments for pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, total anthocyanins and DPPH activity (p>0.05). A direct relationship between SCCD pressure and ACE inhibitory activity was observed, with 34.63, 38.75, and 44.31% (140, 160, and 180 bar, respectively). Regards the volatile compounds, it was noted few differences except by the presence of ketones. The findings confirm the SCCD processing as a potential promising technology to the conventional thermal treatment. The use of supercritical technology as a non-thermal pasteurization process of the whey-grape juice drink was investigated in this study. The effects of supercritical carbon dioxide at 14, 16, and 18 MPa (35 ? 2?C/10 min) on the physical and sensory properties of the beverage, when compared to conventional pasteurization (heat treatment at 72?C/15 s) were evaluated. High-pressure CO2 processing of whey-grape juice drink resulted in a product with lower particle diameter, lower consistency index, and a reduction in pseudoplastic character when compared to the beverage treated by the conventional process. No effect of high-pressure CO2 was observed on the sensory attributes of the beverage for the levels studied. Consumers did not find differences between the CO2-treated and heat-treated beverages. Our findings suggest the use of supercritical technology with carbon dioxide as an effective alternative for the production and availability of a health and wellness promoting beverage / A tecnologia emergente de di?xido de carbono supercr?tico (DCSC) vem sendo estudada como agente pasteuriza??o a frio, no entanto, s?o poucos os estudos dispon?veis a cerca da sua efici?ncia em derivados l?cteos. Neste estudo, foram investigados os efeitos do processamento do DCSC por diferentes press?es 14, 16 e 18 MPa (35 ? 2 ?C / 10 min) no whey drink de uva, bebida a base de soro de leite e suco de uva, em compara??o ? pasteuriza??o convencional (tratamento t?rmico a 72 ?C / 15 s). Foram realizadas an?lises f?sico-quimicas de pH, acidez titul?vel, s?lidos sol?veis totais, compostos fen?licos, antocianinas, atividade antioxidante, atividade inibidora da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA) e compostos vol?teis. Tamb?m foramam alisados a cor, o tamanho de part?cula, reologia, estabilidade f?sica, assim como a qualidade microbiol?gica e analise sensorial das bebidas. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciaram a aus?ncia de diferen?as entre os tratamentos nas an?lises de pH, acidez titul?vel, s?lidos sol?veis, antocianinas totais e atividade de DPPH (p> 0,05). Foi observada uma rela??o direta entre press?o DCSC e atividade inibit?ria ACE, com 34,63, 38,75 e 44,31% (14, 16 e 18 MPa, respectivamente). Poucas diferen?as foram encontratdas no perfil dos compostos vol?teis. O processamento das bebidas por DCSC resultou em um produto com menor di?metro de part?cula, menor ?ndice de consist?ncia e uma redu??o no car?ter pseudopl?stico em compara??o com a bebida tratada pelo processo convencional. N?o foi observado efeito de CO2 de alta press?o nos atributos sensoriais da bebida para os n?veis estudados. Os consumidores n?o encontraram diferen?as entre as bebidas tratadas com CO2 e as bebidas tratadas termicamente. Os resultados confirmam o processamento do DCSC como uma tecnologia promissora para o tratamento n?o t?rmico de whey drink de uva disponibilizado uma bebida promotora de sa?de e bem-estar Antecedentes: Os processamentos de alimentos n?o t?rmicos s?o configurados como uma alternativa interessante para a ind?stria de alimentos devido ao aumento da reten??o de nutrientes e mudan?as sensoriais m?nimas nos produtos processados. ?mbito e abordagem: o objetivo desta revis?o ? abordar o potencial da tecnologia de di?xido de carbono supercr?tico, enfatizando o processamento de leite e l?cteos, incluindo os aspectos hist?ricos, as principais vantagens, os mecanismos de inativa??o microbiana, bem como os efeitos em alguns par?metros de qualidade dos produtos l?cteos. Principais conclus?es e conclus?es: o uso de tecnologia supercr?tica de di?xido de carbono (SC-CO2) apresenta grande potencial de aplica??o no processamento de l?cteos, uma vez que ? efetivo reduzir a carga microbiana quando comparado ao processo de pasteuriza??o, obtendo-se assim um produto com maior prateleira e melhores propriedades sensoriais com mudan?as m?nimas e ?s vezes positivas nos par?metros de qualidade intr?nseca. O efeito da tecnologia de di?xido de carbono supercr?tico (SCCD, 140, 160 e 180 bar a 35 ? 2 ?C durante 10 min) em caracter?sticas de bebidas de suco de uva foi investigado. Caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica (pH, acidez titul?vel, s?lidos sol?veis totais), compostos bioativos (compostos fen?licos, antocianinas, DPPH e atividade ACE) e os compostos vol?teis foram realizados. A aus?ncia de diferen?as foi encontrada entre tratamentos para pH, acidez titul?vel, s?lidos sol?veis, antocianinas totais e atividade de DPPH (p> 0,05). Foi observada uma rela??o direta entre press?o SCCD e atividade inibit?ria ACE, com 34,63, 38,75 e 44,31% (140, 160 e 180 bar, respectivamente). Atende aos compostos vol?teis, observou-se poucas diferen?as, exceto pela presen?a de cetonas. Os resultados confirmam o processamento do SCCD como uma potencial tecnologia promissora para o tratamento t?rmico convencional O uso da tecnologia supercr?tica como processo de pasteuriza??o a frio da bebida de suco de uva e soro de uva foi investigado neste estudo. Os efeitos do di?xido de carbono supercr?tico em 14, 16 e 18 MPa (35 ? 2 ?C / 10 min) nas propriedades f?sicas e sensoriais da bebida, quando comparados ? pasteuriza??o convencional (tratamento t?rmico a 72 ?C / 15 s) Foram avaliados. O processamento de CO2 de alta press?o da bebida de suco de soro de soro de leite resultou em um produto com menor di?metro de part?cula, menor ?ndice de consist?ncia e uma redu??o no car?ter pseudopl?stico em compara??o com a bebida tratada pelo processo convencional. N?o foi observado efeito de CO2 de alta press?o nos atributos sensoriais da bebida para os n?veis estudados. Os consumidores n?o encontraram diferen?as entre as bebidas tratadas com CO2 e as bebidas tratadas termicamente. Nossas descobertas sugerem o uso da tecnologia supercr?tica com di?xido de carbono como uma alternativa efetiva para a produ??o e disponibilidade de uma bebida promotora de sa?de e bem-estar

Nous analysons cette thèse au travers de quatre grandes échelles d'observation : macrosociale, mésosociale, microsociale et micro-individuel. Dans le premier temps, pour comprendre le contexte de la gestion et l'utilisation de l'eau potable, nous allons présenter d'abord le contexte environnemental pour rappeler l'importance géopolitique par rapport à l'eau au niveau internationale, montrer progressivement le développement du pays accompagnant « une crise de l'eau » au niveau national, et au niveau régional notre exemple de Guangzhou, ainsi que les solutions et les conflits de cette crise dans une échelle macrosociale. « La maîtrise de l'eau » en quantité et en qualité est toujours un enjeu particulièrement important au niveau national et international. En second, nous allons montrer une évolution de la qualité et de la gestion de l'eau courante à Guangzhou. Dans cette partie, nous allons rappeler d'abord la cause principale d'une pollution importante nuisant à la qualité de l'eau courante à cause d'un développement d'urbanisation très rapide, pour comprendre comment l'eau courante est devenue non potable. Dans l'échelle d'observation mésosociale, nous pouvons observer les réactions et les coopérations des différents secteurs publics et privées autour de la production et de la distribution de l'eau courante. Dans la troisième partie, nous allons mobiliser notre perspective à l'échelle d'observation microsociale. Ici nous nous intéresserons particulièrement à l'usage de l'eau dans la vie quotidienne chez les individus, notamment dans le cadre de l'alimentation. Nous allons présenter d'abord une évolution et une diversité de l'eau dans la famille chinoise citadine contemporaine, de manière plus ancienne comme l'eau des puits vers plusieurs types d'eau commerciale. En face des choix, comment les individus expertisent et choisissent leur(s) eau(x) ? Comment les individus utilisent et transforment les sens de l'eau dans l'espace domestique ? Ensuite, nous analyserons les occasions de consommation et les représentations des eaux potables (l'eau courante, ainsi que des autres eaux sans goût ou avec du goût (des boissons non alcoolisées) dans les familles chinoises dans quatre grandes villes (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou et Chengdu) en Chine à l'échelle d'observation microsociale et micro-individuel. C'est dans cette partie que nous voyons les différentes pratiques entre les chinois les plus traditionnels qui pratiquent la philosophie chinoise du qi, du yin et du yang dans la consommation des eaux dans leur vie quotidienne et les chinois plus modernes qui ne pratiquent pas du tout la tradition, ou bien entre les deux. C'est aussi dans cette partie, où nous voyons le lien interrelationnel dans la société chinoise au travers de la consommation des eaux. À la fin, nous avons travaillé sur le goût, surtout le sucré dans les boissons non alcoolisées en montrant les occasions, les pratiques et les représentations et la gestion du corps par rapport au sucre et au sucré. / We will analyze this topic based on four major scales of observation: macrosocial, mesosocial, microsocial and micro individual. Firstly, in order to understand the context of drinking-water usage and management, we will present the environmental context and the geopolitical importance of water at the international level. We will then demonstrate China's development following a "water crisis" at the national level. Finally, we will present the regional-level example of Guangzhou, along with the solutions to and conflicts within this crisis on a macrosocial scale. "Water management", in terms of quantity and quality, continues to be a particularly important issue on the national and international stage. Secondly, we will examine the changes in the quality and management of running water in Guangzhou. In this second section, we will first show that running water in the region has become undrinkable due to severe pollution stemming from rapid urbanization. On a mesosocial level, we can observe the reactions of and cooperation between various segments of the public and private sector with respect to the production and distribution of running water. In the third section, we will examine the issue on the microsocial scale. Here, we will be focusing on water usage in individuals' daily lives, especially in the context of food and eating habits. We will first describe the changing role and diversity of water usage in the modern urban Chinese household, from historic usage of well-water to various types of commercially produced water. How do individuals select their preferred water source(s) based on the available options? How do they use and transform the meaning of water within the domestic realm? Next, we will analyze the forms of consumption and the representations of drinking water (including running water as well as other types of non-alcoholic water beverages, both flavored and unflavored) within Chinese households in four major Chinese cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu on the microsocial scale and micro individual. In this section, we outline the differences between the habits of more traditional Chinese, adherents of the Chinese philosophy of qi, yin, and yang, and those of more modern, non-traditional Chinese, as well as those in between the two extremes. This section also explores the relationships inherent in Chinese society though the lens of water consumption. Lastly, we address the issue of flavor, especially sugar in non-alcoholic drinks, by outlining the forms, practices, representations, and management of the body in relation to sugar and sweet drinks.

O uso de reatores de biomassa imobilizada para tratamento de esgoto tem se difundido devido a sua capacidade de manter o tempo de retenção celular (TRC) elevado, mesmo quando operados com baixo tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH). Neste trabalho, investigou-se o desempenho de dois reatores anaeróbios horizontais de leito fixo (RAHLF) em escala de bancada, usados no tratamento do efluente de uma indústria de refrigerantes, sendo um dos reatores preenchido com grânulos e o outro com espuma de poliuretano. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas, referentes aos tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH) de, respectivamente, 20 h, 10 h e 5 h. O encerramento de cada etapa ocorria quando se verificava a estabilidade operacional do sistema através dos parâmetros: DQO, ácidos voláteis totais e pH. Ao final de cada etapa, foram obtidos os perfis de concentração de DQO ao longo dos reatores. Para TDH de 10 h, os valores obtidos para a constante cinética aparente (klapp) foram de 0,694 h-1, para o reator com grânulos, e de 0,467 h-1, para o reator preenchido com espuma de poliuretano. No decorrer da pesquisa, os reatores apresentaram alguns problemas operacionais, que aumentaram à medida em que se reduzia o TDH. Avaliou-se, também, o tempo de residência real do reator com espumas através de experimentos hidrodinâmicos (traçadores). Ao final do experimento, foram quantificados os sólidos voláteis em cada reator e buscou-se diferenciar o arranjo e a fauna microbiológica, presentes nos dois tipos de imobilização, através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). / Immobilized biomass reactors have been increasingly used for wastewater treatment due to their capacity of maintaining high cellular retention time (CRT) even when operating at low hydraulic detention time (HDT). In this work, the performances of two horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) bench-scale reactors treating soft drinks industry effluents were investigated and compared. One of the reactors was filled with granules and the other one with polyurethane foam matrices. The research was conducted in three stages, concerning to hydraulic detention times of, respectively, 20 h, 10 h and 5 h. A stage was considered finished when reactors operational stability was checked by means of COD, total volatile fatty acids and pH. COD profiles were obtained along the reactors at the end of each stage. In the second stage, when HDT was equal to 10 h, the apparent kinetic constant (klapp) values were 0.694 h-1, to the reactor filled with grains, and 0.467 h-1, to the other one. During the research, the reactors showed some operational problems, that increased when the HDT was reduced. The real hydraulic detention time (HDT) reactor with polyurethane foams was evaluated through the hydrodynamic experiments (tracers). Volatile solids of each reactor were quantified at the end of experiment. The arrangement and microbiological fauna inside the reactors were determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

No description available.

O uso de reatores de biomassa imobilizada para tratamento de esgoto tem se difundido devido a sua capacidade de manter o tempo de retenção celular (TRC) elevado, mesmo quando operados com baixo tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH). Neste trabalho, investigou-se o desempenho de dois reatores anaeróbios horizontais de leito fixo (RAHLF) em escala de bancada, usados no tratamento do efluente de uma indústria de refrigerantes, sendo um dos reatores preenchido com grânulos e o outro com espuma de poliuretano. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas, referentes aos tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH) de, respectivamente, 20 h, 10 h e 5 h. O encerramento de cada etapa ocorria quando se verificava a estabilidade operacional do sistema através dos parâmetros: DQO, ácidos voláteis totais e pH. Ao final de cada etapa, foram obtidos os perfis de concentração de DQO ao longo dos reatores. Para TDH de 10 h, os valores obtidos para a constante cinética aparente (klapp) foram de 0,694 h-1, para o reator com grânulos, e de 0,467 h-1, para o reator preenchido com espuma de poliuretano. No decorrer da pesquisa, os reatores apresentaram alguns problemas operacionais, que aumentaram à medida em que se reduzia o TDH. Avaliou-se, também, o tempo de residência real do reator com espumas através de experimentos hidrodinâmicos (traçadores). Ao final do experimento, foram quantificados os sólidos voláteis em cada reator e buscou-se diferenciar o arranjo e a fauna microbiológica, presentes nos dois tipos de imobilização, através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). / Immobilized biomass reactors have been increasingly used for wastewater treatment due to their capacity of maintaining high cellular retention time (CRT) even when operating at low hydraulic detention time (HDT). In this work, the performances of two horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) bench-scale reactors treating soft drinks industry effluents were investigated and compared. One of the reactors was filled with granules and the other one with polyurethane foam matrices. The research was conducted in three stages, concerning to hydraulic detention times of, respectively, 20 h, 10 h and 5 h. A stage was considered finished when reactors operational stability was checked by means of COD, total volatile fatty acids and pH. COD profiles were obtained along the reactors at the end of each stage. In the second stage, when HDT was equal to 10 h, the apparent kinetic constant (klapp) values were 0.694 h-1, to the reactor filled with grains, and 0.467 h-1, to the other one. During the research, the reactors showed some operational problems, that increased when the HDT was reduced. The real hydraulic detention time (HDT) reactor with polyurethane foams was evaluated through the hydrodynamic experiments (tracers). Volatile solids of each reactor were quantified at the end of experiment. The arrangement and microbiological fauna inside the reactors were determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

My master’s thesis from marketing area is focused on marketing management of Red Bull Company, which is world leading energy drink producer. My work should improve marketing management of the firm and suggest new ways of marketing communication, the way of addressing consumers and non-consumers of Red Bull energy drink. The results of this master’s thesis will be suggested to the management of Red Bull Company for implementation into praxis.

Účelem této práce je analyzovat potenciální expanzi Kofoly, ČeskoSlovensko a.s. do Německa a poskytnout doporučení na základě výzkumu a literatury. Autor bude analyzovat odvětví nealkoholických nápojů a podnikatelský potenciál v Německu.