Fallstudien undersöker vad som får sjuksköterskor på akutmottagningen i Kalmar att fortsätta arbeta under den rådande covid-19 pandemin. Studien utgår från en induktiv ansats för att skapa en förståelse för det som undersökts. För att samla in empirisk data som grund för studien har fem kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts och tolkats. Under studien har det framkommit att det som får sjuksköterskorna att fortsätta arbeta har att göra med attribut som tillskrivs professionen. Gemenskapen i arbetsgruppen har varit central såväl som allmänhetens bekräftelse för professionen och dess betydelse. Dessutom har det varit av betydelse att kunna stänga av sina känslor för att orka fortsätta arbeta. / This case study examines the driving forces to work during the on-going covid-19 pandemic. The study proceeds from an inductive approach to create an understanding for the examined case. Five qualitative interviews have been made to collect empirical data to analyze. During the study it has emerged that attributes according to the profession are contributing to proceed the work. The connections in the workgroup have been significant as well as the acknowledgement of the public according to the profession. It has also been of major importance to disconnect the feelings to be able to proceed to work.

<p>The thesis analyses relationships between ecological and social systems in the context of coastal ecosystems. It examines human impacts from resource extraction and addresses management and governance behind resource exploitation. The main premises are that a lack of ecological knowledge leads to poor ecosystem management and that the dichotomy between social and natural systems is an artificial one. The thesis illustrates the importance of basing resource management on the ecological conditions of the resource and its ecosystem. It also demonstrates the necessity of accounting for the human dimension in ecosystem management and the challenges of organising human actions for sustainable use of ecosystem services in the face of economic incentives that push users towards short-term extraction.</p><p>Many Caribbean coral reefs have undergone a shift from coral to macroalgal domination. An experiment on Glovers Reef Atoll in Belize manually cleared patch reefs in a no-take zone and a fished zone (Papers I and II). The study hypothesised that overfishing has reduced herbivorous fish populations that control macroalgae growth. Overall, management had no significant effect on fish abundance and the impacts of the algal reduction were short-lived. This illustrated that the benefits of setting aside marine reserves in impacted environments should not be taken for granted. </p><p>Papers III and IV studied the development of the lobster and conch fisheries in Belize, and the shrimp farming industry in Thailand respectively. These studies found that environmental feedback can be masked to give the impression of resource abundance through sequential exploitation. In both cases inadequate property rights contributed to this unsustainable resource use. </p><p>The final paper (V) compared the responses to changes in the resource by the lobster fisheries in Belize and Maine in terms of institutions, organisations and their role in management. In contrast to Maine’s, the Belize system seems to lack social mechanisms for responding effectively to environmental feedback. The results illustrate the importance of organisational and institutional diversity that incorporate ecological knowledge, respond to ecosystem feedback and provide a social context for learning from and adapting to change.</p>

Den pågående digitaliseringen kan ses som en av de mest väsentliga omvandlingarna av det moderna samhället, vilket har påverkat stora delar av näringslivet och människors vardag. Digitaliseringen har bidragit till omfattande förändringar i hur organisationer bedriver sin verksamhet och en av de främsta utmaningarna anses vara relaterade till utformningen av affärsmodeller. En bransch som formats av digitaliseringen är banksektorn, där utvecklingen har accelererat de tio senaste åren. Den svenska banksektorn har genomgått en omvandling som kännetecknats av en övergång från hierarkiska och byråkratiska strukturer till att följa principer om öppenhet och flexibilitet. De fyra storbankerna har länge dominerat den svenska banksektorn men utmanas av digitala aktörer i allt större utsträckning. Föreliggande studie syftade till att beskriva och analysera svenska stor- och nischbankers syn på förhållandet mellan digitaliseringen och affärsmodeller, vilket även innefattade att identifiera drivkrafter till förändringar av bankernas affärsmodeller. Tidsramen för studien avgränsades till de tio senaste åren, det vill säga, mellan år 2009 och 2018. Studien tillämpade en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och en fallstudie genomfördes. Studieobjekten utgjordes av storbankerna Handelsbanken, Nordea, SEB och Swedbank samt de digitala nischbankerna Avanza och Nordnet. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med hjälp av en metodtriangulering, vilket inkluderade elva semistrukturerade intervjuer och årsredovisningar. Vidare genomfördes analysen tematiskt med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat visade överlag på att samtliga banker hade genomgått stora förändringar i sina affärsmodeller, där det förekom både likheter och skillnader mellan stor- och nischbankerna. Drivkrafterna för ändring av bankernas affärsmodeller till följd av digitaliseringen var emellertid samma oavsett stor- eller nischbank. Bankernas affärsmodeller hade förändrats med avseende på kundinteraktioner, resurser, integration med externa partners samt intäktsströmmar och kostnadsstruktur. Avslutningsvis identifierades teknologisk utveckling, företagsstrategier och imitation, förändrade kundbeteenden, förändrade regelverk och nya aktörer som centrala drivkrafter för ändring av bankernas affärsmodeller till följd av digitaliseringen. / Digitalization has been one of the most transformative changes to our modern society. This shift has affected almost all aspects of daily life and extensively shaped how organizations operate. One of the most challenging aspects within digitalization is related to business models. The banking sector is a key example of an industry that has been continually shaped by digitalization. In the past decade, this development has rapidly accelerated and as a result, there is a need for banks to review their business models. The Swedish banking sector has been characterized by hierarchical and bureaucratic structures to follow principles of openness and flexibility. Four big banks have long dominated the Swedish banking sector; however, they are increasingly being challenged by digital players. This study aimed to describe and analyze how Swedish banks perceived the relationship between digitalization and business models, which includes identifying the driving forces behind the changes within banking business models. The study's timeframe was delimited to the last ten years, that is, from 2009 through 2018. A qualitative research strategy was applied in which a case study was conducted including four Swedish big banks (Handelsbanken, Nordea, SEB, and Swedbank) and two digital niche banks (Avanza and Nordnet). Data collection was carried out using a method triangulation, which included eleven semi-structured interviews combined with annual reports. The study was analyzed through a thematic qualitative content analysis. Overall, the study's results showed that digitalization has changed the business models of big and niche banks, both similarly and differently. Although, the driving forces behind the changes within the banking business models were similar regardless type of bank. Changes in the business models were primarily based on customer interaction, resources, integration of external partners, revenue streams and cost structure. Lastly, technological development, corporate strategy and imitation, changed customer behaviour, changed regulations and new market participants were identified as keydrivers for changing the banks’ business models as a result of digitalization.

Orientador: Thiago Sanna Freire Silva / Resumo: As paisagens são a expressão da interação dinâmica entre processos naturais e atividades humanas. A região do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo apresenta uma grande diversidade de fitofisionomias do bioma Mata Atlântica, e um rico patrimônio material e imaterial, em função da histórica interação do homem com a natureza. São inúmeros os vetores que agem simultaneamente sobre essa paisagem, resultando em efeitos cumulativos que transformam sua multifuncionalidade e multidimensionalidade. Este estudo objetivou a compreensão dos vetores de mudanças na paisagem do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo. A transformação histórica da paisagem na área de estudo foi investigada buscando compreender a modificações dos cenários paisagísticos na sua integridade desde o início da colonização europeia na região de estudo. Através desta revisão histórica, demonstramos que a política econômica impulsionou investimentos em instalações tecnológicas e de acesso a região, que influenciaram no aumento das taxas de crescimento populacional, resultando num rápido crescimento das áreas urbanas após meados do século XX. O segundo capítulo quantificou as mudanças físicas da paisagem, através de séries históricas de imagens da série de satélites Landsat, utilizando o algoritmo Random Forests para classificação supervisionada do uso e cobertura da terra. Pudemos então, demonstrar que a região apresenta tendência a uma dicotomia no uso da terra, entre o uso urbano e a conservação ambiental. Entre 1985 e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Landscapes are an expression of the dynamic interaction between natural environments and human activities. The Northern Coast of São Paulo State has a high diversity of Atlantic Forest vegetation types, and the Serra do Mar mountain range has a rich material and immaterial heritage due to ancient human-nature interactions. There are several different driving forces of change acting together over these landscapes, resulting in a cumulative effect over time. Our study sought to understand the causes and consequences of landscape change in the Northern Coast of São Paulo state, from 1985 to present. We described the land use history and landscape changes since the Europeans arrived in the region, during the XVI century. We identified that national economic policies and interests have led to investment in improved access and technological development, which in turn influenced migration to the region and resulted in fast urban expansion. In the second chapter, we have shown that land use change in the Northern Coast of São Paulo poses a dichotomy between two main land cover change trajectories over 30 years: forest persistence and fast urban growth. We found only 100 km² (8%) of forest disturbance within the State Parks, while dense urban settlements grew 167% outside the park, replacing mainly rural land uses. To identify and understand the driving forces of change in the region, we used Partial Least Squares - Path Modelling to model the relation between driving forces and lands... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The thesis analyses relationships between ecological and social systems in the context of coastal ecosystems. It examines human impacts from resource extraction and addresses management and governance behind resource exploitation. The main premises are that a lack of ecological knowledge leads to poor ecosystem management and that the dichotomy between social and natural systems is an artificial one. The thesis illustrates the importance of basing resource management on the ecological conditions of the resource and its ecosystem. It also demonstrates the necessity of accounting for the human dimension in ecosystem management and the challenges of organising human actions for sustainable use of ecosystem services in the face of economic incentives that push users towards short-term extraction. Many Caribbean coral reefs have undergone a shift from coral to macroalgal domination. An experiment on Glovers Reef Atoll in Belize manually cleared patch reefs in a no-take zone and a fished zone (Papers I and II). The study hypothesised that overfishing has reduced herbivorous fish populations that control macroalgae growth. Overall, management had no significant effect on fish abundance and the impacts of the algal reduction were short-lived. This illustrated that the benefits of setting aside marine reserves in impacted environments should not be taken for granted. Papers III and IV studied the development of the lobster and conch fisheries in Belize, and the shrimp farming industry in Thailand respectively. These studies found that environmental feedback can be masked to give the impression of resource abundance through sequential exploitation. In both cases inadequate property rights contributed to this unsustainable resource use. The final paper (V) compared the responses to changes in the resource by the lobster fisheries in Belize and Maine in terms of institutions, organisations and their role in management. In contrast to Maine’s, the Belize system seems to lack social mechanisms for responding effectively to environmental feedback. The results illustrate the importance of organisational and institutional diversity that incorporate ecological knowledge, respond to ecosystem feedback and provide a social context for learning from and adapting to change.

Acknowledging the necessity of a detailed understanding of the dynamics and contributions of wetlands in decision making processes, this research aims to identify the trade-offs between human interventions and human well-being in wetlands. Being one of the thirteen Ramsar Sites of Turkey and providing various ecosystem functions, Kizilirmak Delta was determined as the case study area of the research. Following the literature review on wetlands and their valuation, an assessment framework was developed for analyzing the trade-offs in the Kizilirmak Delta. Following this framework, first the importance, values and functions of the delta were defined by evaluation of its ecological, socio-cultural and economic structures and function analysis. Then, the pressures on the delta and their impacts were analyzed through DPSIR (Driving forces, Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses) Framework by action analysis. Finally, the trade-offs in the delta were calculated in monetary terms through valuation of the functions of the delta. Because of time and data constraints only a small portion of the functions of the delta was quantified in monetary terms. Calculated functions of the delta provide 753.531.772 TL worth of services that constitutes the 34 % of total GDP of the delta. This value was accepted as the cost of trade-offs in the delta, because the pressures on the delta would result in the loss of this value.

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While varies of supply chains are working on moving products towardsthe end consumers, there is also an increasing amount of productsbeing sent back. This has meant an increasing importance of the returnmanagement process. As many businesses have realized that the returnprocess has little connection with their core value, the idea ofoutsourcing return management crossed the mind of many companies.Third-party logistics (3PL) provider have also sensed the opportunityand begun to explore the possibility of providing such services forcompanies in need.

This diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of marketing strategies. The aim of the thesis was to analyse and evaluate the current marketing strategies in the company Spojené kartáčovny, PLC, and, on the basis of this analysis, to put forward possible changes of the current state. The theoretical part has been made on the basis of the information gained from the scientific literature dealing with marketing, marketing mix, strategic marketing and systemization of the particular marketing strategies. In the practical part, there is summarised basic information about the company such as the history, development of the logo, structure of the employees or the organizational structure etc. The introductory part is followed by the analyses themselves, the suggestion of the possible changes and the project study on the e-shop and web pages. These analyses include the analysis of the marketing mix, Porter?s analysis of five driving forces, SWOT analysis and creation of the business model.

The thesis focuses on development strategy in a family business operating in the IT market and analyses both external and internal factors of the monitored company. The development strategy is based on the company current position in the market and on set objectives. The development strategy emphasizes marketing and financial aspects and also treats the time horizon of its implementation.