Cerca de 50% dos pacientes portadores de transtorno afetivo bipolar (TAB) apresentam comorbidade com abuso ou dependência de álcool. A presença de alcoolismo nos pacientes com TAB está associada a manifestações clínicas mais graves e a uma pior resposta ao tratamento do transtorno de humor. Entretanto, as anormalidades neurobiológicas subjacentes à co-ocorrência de TAB e alcoolismo são desconhecidas. Neste estudo, nosso objetivo foi o de comparar o perfil neuroquímico do córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral esquerdo de pacientes portadores de TAB e diagnóstico prévio de alcoolismo ao de pacientes portadores de TAB não-alcoolistas e ao de indivíduos saudáveis, usando espectroscopia por ressonância magnética de hidrogênio. Para isso, obtivemos uma aquisição de espectroscopia de hidrogênio de voxel único e tempo de eco curto em campo magnético de 1,5 Tesla do córtex préfrontal dorsolateral esquerdo em 23 pacientes bipolares alcoolistas, 27 pacientes bipolares não-alcoolistas e 57 indivíduos saudáveis. Níveis absolutos de N-acetilaspartato (NAA), compostos de colina, creatina mais fosfocreatina, mio-inositol, glutamato mais glutamina (Glu+Gln), e glutamato foram determinados e comparados entre os três grupos. Pacientes bipolares alcoolistas apresentaram níveis menores de Glu+Gln (p = 0,06) e de glutamato (p = 0,03) do que pacientes bipolares nãoalcoolistas. Pacientes bipolares alcoolistas apresentaram níveis menores de NAA do que controles saudáveis (p = 0,06). Esses achados sugerem que anormalidades do sistema glutamatérgico, e, possivelmente, da integridade neuronal, estão presentes no córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral esquerdo de pacientes portadores de TAB em comorbidade com alcoolismo. Tais anormalidades podem caracterizar processos fisiopatológicos que seriam específicos da comorbidade entre TAB e alcoolismo. / About 50% of bipolar disorder (BD) patients present comorbidity with alcohol abuse or dependence. The presence of alcoholism in BD is associated with worse clínical manifestations and refractoriness to treatment of the mood disorder. Nevertheless, the neurochemical underpinnings that underlie the co-occurrence of bipolar disorder and alcoholism are unknown. In this study, we sought to compare the neurochemical profile of the left dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex of BD patients with a prior diagnosis of alcoholism to non-alcoholic BD patients and healthy controls (HC), using proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We obtained a short-TE, single-voxel 1H spectroscopy acquisition at 1.5 Tesla from the left dorsolateral pré-frontal córtex (DLFPC) of 23 alcoholic BD patients, 27 non-alcoholic BD patients and 57 HC. Absolute levels of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds, phosphocreatine plus creatine, myo-inositol, glutamato plus glutamina (Glu+Gln) and glutamato were determined and compared among the three groups. Alcoholic BD patients showed lower Glu+Gln (p = 0.06) and glutamate levels (p = 0.03) than non-alcoholic BD patients. Alcoholic BD patients tended to have lower NAA levels than HC (p = 0.06). These findings suggest that glutamatergic abnormalities, and possibly, neuronal integrity abnormalities, are present in the left DLPFC of BD patients with comorbid alcoholism. Such abnormalities may characterize pathophysiological processes that are specific for the comorbidity between BD and alcoholism.

Cerca de 50% dos pacientes portadores de transtorno afetivo bipolar (TAB) apresentam comorbidade com abuso ou dependência de álcool. A presença de alcoolismo nos pacientes com TAB está associada a manifestações clínicas mais graves e a uma pior resposta ao tratamento do transtorno de humor. Entretanto, as anormalidades neurobiológicas subjacentes à co-ocorrência de TAB e alcoolismo são desconhecidas. Neste estudo, nosso objetivo foi o de comparar o perfil neuroquímico do córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral esquerdo de pacientes portadores de TAB e diagnóstico prévio de alcoolismo ao de pacientes portadores de TAB não-alcoolistas e ao de indivíduos saudáveis, usando espectroscopia por ressonância magnética de hidrogênio. Para isso, obtivemos uma aquisição de espectroscopia de hidrogênio de voxel único e tempo de eco curto em campo magnético de 1,5 Tesla do córtex préfrontal dorsolateral esquerdo em 23 pacientes bipolares alcoolistas, 27 pacientes bipolares não-alcoolistas e 57 indivíduos saudáveis. Níveis absolutos de N-acetilaspartato (NAA), compostos de colina, creatina mais fosfocreatina, mio-inositol, glutamato mais glutamina (Glu+Gln), e glutamato foram determinados e comparados entre os três grupos. Pacientes bipolares alcoolistas apresentaram níveis menores de Glu+Gln (p = 0,06) e de glutamato (p = 0,03) do que pacientes bipolares nãoalcoolistas. Pacientes bipolares alcoolistas apresentaram níveis menores de NAA do que controles saudáveis (p = 0,06). Esses achados sugerem que anormalidades do sistema glutamatérgico, e, possivelmente, da integridade neuronal, estão presentes no córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral esquerdo de pacientes portadores de TAB em comorbidade com alcoolismo. Tais anormalidades podem caracterizar processos fisiopatológicos que seriam específicos da comorbidade entre TAB e alcoolismo. / About 50% of bipolar disorder (BD) patients present comorbidity with alcohol abuse or dependence. The presence of alcoholism in BD is associated with worse clínical manifestations and refractoriness to treatment of the mood disorder. Nevertheless, the neurochemical underpinnings that underlie the co-occurrence of bipolar disorder and alcoholism are unknown. In this study, we sought to compare the neurochemical profile of the left dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex of BD patients with a prior diagnosis of alcoholism to non-alcoholic BD patients and healthy controls (HC), using proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We obtained a short-TE, single-voxel 1H spectroscopy acquisition at 1.5 Tesla from the left dorsolateral pré-frontal córtex (DLFPC) of 23 alcoholic BD patients, 27 non-alcoholic BD patients and 57 HC. Absolute levels of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds, phosphocreatine plus creatine, myo-inositol, glutamato plus glutamina (Glu+Gln) and glutamato were determined and compared among the three groups. Alcoholic BD patients showed lower Glu+Gln (p = 0.06) and glutamate levels (p = 0.03) than non-alcoholic BD patients. Alcoholic BD patients tended to have lower NAA levels than HC (p = 0.06). These findings suggest that glutamatergic abnormalities, and possibly, neuronal integrity abnormalities, are present in the left DLPFC of BD patients with comorbid alcoholism. Such abnormalities may characterize pathophysiological processes that are specific for the comorbidity between BD and alcoholism.

Introduction: The thesis deals with the relationship between substance use and eating disorder. In particular, it focuses on the phenomenon of self-medication substance abuse among women who have experienced an eating disorders. The theoretical part provides a comprehensive picture of the studied issue, supported by Czech and international research in the area. The empirical part is based on qualitative data collection and consists of a combination of short case studies and thematic analysis. Objectives: The main aim of the thesis is to map out and find out whether women who suffer from eating disorders use addictive substances, including alcohol, for the purpose of self-medication. The thesis also aims to find out whether there is a difference between the different forms of eating disorders and the pattern of substance use. Sample: The research sample consisted of 10 women aged 19 - 38 years who have had experiences with eating disorders. Methods: The method of semi-structured interview was chosen for the purpose of the research. The data obtained were presented using short case reports. The case studies were supplemented by a timeline and a test battery, which consisted of AUDIT, DAST and FTND questionnaires for better orientation of the researcher. The data were subsequently analyzed through...

<p>People with severe mental illness and co-occurring substance abuse are an especially vulnerable group in society as health care for those is shared between municipality and county council. There is an associated health need of this target group so the interaction of the social services and the psychiatric care is of great importance. However, there are shortcomings in this interaction with results in that people with dual diagnosis do not always receive adequate care. Diverse knowledge and explanatory models may create problems for the interaction as they include different ways to define, understand, explain and deal with a problem. The purpose of this study was to examine how the interaction between the social service addiction treatment and the psychiatric care is, concerning people with dual diagnosis, focusing on how their respective knowledge and explanatory models affect the interaction. The study was conducted in a county where we interviewed seven people in the social services addiction treatment and the psychiatric care. We used qualitative interviews conducted with the help of a semi-structured variant. The theoretical perspectives that were applied in the study were the theories of; interaction, science- and knowledge-based controversies, and some concepts from the new institutionalism. We concluded that interactions occur in various forms and at a high level of ambition between the social services addiction treatment and the psychiatric care in regards to people with dual diagnosis. We also concluded that the diverse professional knowledge and explanatory models affects the interoperability through the creation of theoretical controversies.</p> / <p>Personer med en allvarlig psykisk sjukdom och ett samtidigt missbruk är en extra utsatt grupp i samhället då vården för dessa delas mellan kommun och landsting. Det föreligger ett kombinerat vårdbehov för denna målgrupp vilket medför att en samverkan mellan socialtjänstens missbruksvård och psykiatrin är av stor vikt. Dock föreligger brister i denna samverkan vilket medför att personer med dubbla diagnoser inte alltid erhåller adekvat vård. Skilda kunskaps- och förklaringsmodeller kan skapa problem för samverkan då de inkluderar olika sätt att definiera, förstå, förklara och hantera ett problem. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur samverkan mellan socialtjänstens missbruksvård och psykiatrin sker kring personer med dubbeldiagnos, med fokus på hur deras respektive kunskaps- och förklaringsmodeller påverkar samverkan. Studien utfördes i ett län där vi intervjuade sju personer inom socialtjänstens missbruksvård och psykiatrin. Vi använde oss av kvalitativa intervjuer som utfördes med hjälp av den semistrukturerade varianten. De teoretiska utgångspunkter som tillämpades i studien var teorier om; samverkan, vetenskaps- och kunskapsbaserade kontroverser samt vissa begrepp ur nyinstitutionalismen. Vi drog slutsatsen att samverkan mellan socialtjänstens missbruksvård och psykiatrin kring personer med dubbeldiagnos sker i olika former och på en hög ambitionsnivå. Vi drog även slutsatsen att verksamheternas skilda kunskaps- och förklaringsmodeller påverkar samverkan genom att det uppstår teoretiska kontroverser.</p>

People with severe mental illness and co-occurring substance abuse are an especially vulnerable group in society as health care for those is shared between municipality and county council. There is an associated health need of this target group so the interaction of the social services and the psychiatric care is of great importance. However, there are shortcomings in this interaction with results in that people with dual diagnosis do not always receive adequate care. Diverse knowledge and explanatory models may create problems for the interaction as they include different ways to define, understand, explain and deal with a problem. The purpose of this study was to examine how the interaction between the social service addiction treatment and the psychiatric care is, concerning people with dual diagnosis, focusing on how their respective knowledge and explanatory models affect the interaction. The study was conducted in a county where we interviewed seven people in the social services addiction treatment and the psychiatric care. We used qualitative interviews conducted with the help of a semi-structured variant. The theoretical perspectives that were applied in the study were the theories of; interaction, science- and knowledge-based controversies, and some concepts from the new institutionalism. We concluded that interactions occur in various forms and at a high level of ambition between the social services addiction treatment and the psychiatric care in regards to people with dual diagnosis. We also concluded that the diverse professional knowledge and explanatory models affects the interoperability through the creation of theoretical controversies. / Personer med en allvarlig psykisk sjukdom och ett samtidigt missbruk är en extra utsatt grupp i samhället då vården för dessa delas mellan kommun och landsting. Det föreligger ett kombinerat vårdbehov för denna målgrupp vilket medför att en samverkan mellan socialtjänstens missbruksvård och psykiatrin är av stor vikt. Dock föreligger brister i denna samverkan vilket medför att personer med dubbla diagnoser inte alltid erhåller adekvat vård. Skilda kunskaps- och förklaringsmodeller kan skapa problem för samverkan då de inkluderar olika sätt att definiera, förstå, förklara och hantera ett problem. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur samverkan mellan socialtjänstens missbruksvård och psykiatrin sker kring personer med dubbeldiagnos, med fokus på hur deras respektive kunskaps- och förklaringsmodeller påverkar samverkan. Studien utfördes i ett län där vi intervjuade sju personer inom socialtjänstens missbruksvård och psykiatrin. Vi använde oss av kvalitativa intervjuer som utfördes med hjälp av den semistrukturerade varianten. De teoretiska utgångspunkter som tillämpades i studien var teorier om; samverkan, vetenskaps- och kunskapsbaserade kontroverser samt vissa begrepp ur nyinstitutionalismen. Vi drog slutsatsen att samverkan mellan socialtjänstens missbruksvård och psykiatrin kring personer med dubbeldiagnos sker i olika former och på en hög ambitionsnivå. Vi drog även slutsatsen att verksamheternas skilda kunskaps- och förklaringsmodeller påverkar samverkan genom att det uppstår teoretiska kontroverser.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The consumption of psychoactive substances is a serious public health problem worldwide, including in various regions of Brazil. The abuse of these substances (drugs of abuse) often relates the self-destruction of its users, with consequent mental changes that can lead to violence, indifference, isolation and contempt. In its turn, prolonged use can lead to the development of the phenomenon of dependence and the existence of psychiatric Comorbidities. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish the epidemiological profile of drug of abuse addicts which are served by the health system through the Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPS AD) located in Sergipe-important State in the Northeast region of Brazil-and also investigate the prevalence of major risk factors associated with the occurrence of comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and addiction. It is a regional study, a multicenter, cross-sectional, conducted with four CAPS AD patients from January 2013 to October 2013. The study included all patients over 18 years of age, with a clinical diagnosis of dependence on one or more psychoactive substances and they respond to treatment in institutions for at least a month. The epidemiological profile of the population studied and the variables: psychiatric symptoms and use of psychoactive substances were evaluated through standardized instruments. The total sample consisted of 103 patients who were distributed with proportional allocation and it was characterized by a predominance of males (91.27%), the average age of patients was 37.9 ± 9.1 with predominant age group between 30 and 59 (80.55%). About 16.50% were illiterate and 75.73% had primary education, 61.16% were single, 30.09% were unemployed and 33.0% did not have formal employment relationship. The first experience with drugs was in preadolescence (40.78%) and adolescence (34.95%) alcohol (70.87%) nicotine (18.46%) the drugs of first contact. Approximately, 27% were alcohol dependents, 11% of cocaine and/or crack and 62% were dependent on multiple drugs. Major depressive episode (69.90%), risk of suicide (66.01%) and anxiety disorders (63.10%) were the most diagnosed disorders in that population. In its turn, vehicular driving under the influence of drugs (55.10%) and imprisonment or detention (63.10%) were the most frequent risk behaviors. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between suicide risk and psychiatric comorbidities (p <0.05). Thus, the dependence on drugs of abuse reaches individuals of a wide age group and, with early effect, may cause negative effects due to psychoactive substance dependence in people with severe mental disorders, such as clinical and social evolution impaired. / O consumo de substâncias psicoativas é um grave problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo, inclusive nas diversas regiões do Brasil. O abuso dessas substâncias (drogas de abuso) muitas vezes relaciona-se a autodestruição dos seus usuários, com consequentes alterações mentais que podem levar a violência, indiferença, isolamento e desprezo. Por sua vez, o seu uso prolongado pode levar ao desenvolvimento do fenômeno de dependência e a existência de comorbidades psiquiátricas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos dependentes de drogas de abuso atendidos pelo sistema único de saúde através dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPS AD) localizados em Sergipe - importante estado da região nordeste do Brasil - e investigar a prevalência dos principais fatores de risco associados à ocorrência da comorbidade de transtornos psiquiátricos e dependência. Trata-se de um estudo regional, multicêntrico, de corte transversal, realizado com pacientes de quatro CAPS AD no período de janeiro de 2013 a outubro de 2013. No estudo foram incluídos todos os pacientes acima dos 18 anos de idade, com diagnóstico clínico de dependência a uma ou mais substâncias psicoativas e em tratamento nas instituições à pelo menos um mês. O perfil epidemiológico da população estudada e as variáveis: sintomas psiquiátricos e uso de substâncias psicoativas foram avaliadas através de instrumentos padronizados. A amostra total foi composta por 103 pacientes distribuídos com alocação proporcional e foi caracterizada por um predomínio de pacientes do gênero masculino (91,27%), a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 37,9 ± 9,1 anos com faixa etária predominante entre 30 a 59 anos (80,55%). Cerca de 16,50% não eram alfabetizados e 75,73% cursaram até o ensino fundamental, 61,16% eram solteiros, 30,09% estavam desempregados e 33,0% não tinham um vínculo trabalhista formal. A primeira experiência com as drogas foi na pré-adolescência (40,78%) e na adolescência (34,95%) sendo o álcool (70,87%) e a nicotina (18,46%) as drogas de primeiro contato. Aproximadamente 27% eram dependentes de álcool, 11% de cocaína e/ou crack e 62% eram dependentes de múltiplas drogas. Episódio depressivo maior (69,90%), risco de suicídio (66,01%) e transtornos de ansiedade (63,10%) foram os transtornos mais diagnosticados na população estudada. Por sua vez, a condução veicular sob efeito de drogas (55,10%) e prisão ou detenção (63,10%) foram os comportamentos de risco mais frequente. Além disso observou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre risco de suicídio e comorbidades psiquiátricas (p<0,05). Sendo assim, a dependência em drogas de abuso atinge indivíduos de uma ampla faixa etária que com início precoce podendo ocasionar efeitos negativos devido a dependência de substâncias psicoativas em pessoas com transtornos mentais graves como, por exemplo, evolução clínica e social prejudicada.

Verksamheten Spindeln i Västerås vänder sig till personer med så kallad dubbeldiagnos, människor med psykisk sjukdom och samtida missbruksproblematik. Syfte med denna studie var att söka kunskap om vad klienterna med så kallad dubbeldiagnos på verksamheten Spindeln upplevde som meningsfull sysselsättning, samt om verksamheten Spindeln bidrog till att klienterna upplevde sig inneha någon form av meningsfull sysselsättning. Empirin insamlades genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem klienter från Spindeln. De teorier som behandlades var känslan av sammanhang (KASAM), stigma samt socialt kapital. Dessa teorier användes till att tolka empirin tillsammans med tidigare forskning inom området psykisk sjukdom och meningsfull sysselsättning. Studiens resultat visade på betydelsen av att ha något att göra om dagarna, att meningsfull sysselsättning innebar en sorts trygghet i vardagen som medförde struktur och mening. Att ha ett socialt sammanhang att delta i var även det av mycket stor vikt enligt studiens deltagare samt en strategi för att undvika att hamna i psykos. Meningsfull sysselsättning var mycket individuellt och varierade beroende på respondenternas livssituation i relation till ålder, sjukdom, erfarenhet och visioner. Resultatet visade att Spindelns verksamhet upplevdes som meningsfull av deltagarna. / The activity Spindeln in Västerås is a project that attempts to deliver daily occupation for clients with dual diagnosis, people diagnosed with a mental disorder and a contemporary substance abuse. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to gain knowledge about what Spindeln's dual diagnosis clients experience as meaningful occupation. The purpose was also to examine if Spindeln contributes to making its clients experience meaningful occupation.  The empirical material was based on qualitative and semi-structured interviews with five clients of Spindeln. The conceptual framework was based on concepts such as sense of coherence (SOC), stigma and social capital. This theories was used mainly to interpret empirical material together with earlier research regarding mental disorder and meaningful occupation. The findings of the study indicated that meaningful daily occupation was very important for dual diagnosis patients because it provides them with a feeling of safety which led to structured and meaningful days. Also the study indicated that having social connection to participate in, and a strategy to avoid a state of psychosis, was of great importance to the clients at Spindeln. Meaningful occupation turned out to be highly individual depending on variables such as age, disease, experiences and visions. The findings also indicated that Spindeln was meaningful according the clients.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe cooperation with clients / users of methamphetamine with a severe psychiatric disorder from the schizophrenic spectrum using case management methods. The theoretical part summarizes current knowledge of the negative consequences of using methamphetamine, focussing on serious psychiatric comorbidity from the schizophrenic spectrum. It includes research of current studies (both Czech and foreign), information on specific comorbid diagnoses and a description of the case management method, including its specific application within the SANANIM addictology ambulance. The practical part contains three case studies structured into six sections: (1) Initiation of the program entry, (2) The first contact and setting, (3) Entrance evaluation and indication, (4) Establishing a relationship and developing cooperation, (5) Cooperation with other experts and stakeholders (6) The results of cooperation focussed on changes in relation to: comorbid illness, severity and frequency of use of a primary drug and other addictive substances, social situation and relational healing. I chose AA SANANIM clients by a deliberate targeting method based on the following criteria: (1) 7-month co-operation with a minimum of 28 personal contacts (roughly equivalent to once a week), (2)...

Bakgrund: Att ha ett substansbrukssyndrom samtidigt som en annan psykiatrisk sjukdom benämns dubbeldiagnos. Att ha en dubbeldiagnos är förknippat med sämre prognos och svårare återhämtning. Hur dubbeldiagnospatienter har uppfattat sin återhämtning och om kulturella aktiviteter kan ha påverkat återhämtningen har inte berörts mycket i tidigare forskning. Därför ansågs det viktigt att genomföra denna studie. Syfte: Att belysa patienters med dubbeldiagnos upplevelser av att delta i kulturella aktiviteter och dess påverkan på återhämtningen. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie genomfördes med 12 dubbeldiagnospatienter som alla hade deltagit i kulturella aktiviteter. En innehållsanalys genomfördes med stöd av Burnard (1991) och Berg (2004). Resultat: Analysen resulterade i temat ”Bättre psykiskt hälsa genom gemenskapens kraft”. Temat var övergripande för samtliga fem kategorier ”Att våga ta steget”, ”att få känna samhörighet och gemenskap”, ”positiva känslor i ett tryggt sammanhang”, ”att våga vara sig själv” och ”försöka bryta sina gränser”. Resultatet visar att den psykiska hälsan förbättrades i samband med deltagandet i de kulturella aktiviteterna. Genom att gemensamt lämna mottagningen minskade isoleringen och stigmat. Även ett ökat självförtroende och ökade positiva känslor var en effekt av deltagandet. Slutsats: Kulturella aktiviteter kan ha påverkat dubbeldiagnospatienters återhämtning positivt, men det som hade störst påverkan var känslan av att få tillhöra en gemenskap. / Background: Having a substance use disorder at the same time as another psychiatric illness is called dual diagnosis. Having a dual diagnosis is associated with poorer prognosis and recovery. How patients with dual diagnosis have experienced their recovery and whether cultural activities may have affected the recovery has not been mentioned much in previous research. Therefore, it was considered important to conduct this study. Objective: To illustrate dualdiagnosis patients experiences of participating in cultural activities and their impact on the recovery. Method: A qualitative interview study was conducted with 12 patients with dual diagnoses who had all participated in the cultural activities. A content analysis was carried out with the support of Burnard (1991) and Berg (2004). Results: The analysis resulted in the theme "Improved mental health through the power of the community". The theme was general for all five categories. “To dare to take a step”, “feel togetherness and solidarity”, “positive emotions in a safe context”, “to dare to be yourself” and “try to break boundaries”. The results show that mental health improved when participating in cultural activities. Leaving the reception together reduced the isolation and stigma. Increased self-confidence and increased positive feelings were also an effect of participating. Conclusion: Cultural activities may have positive effects on the recovery of patients with dual diagnoses, but the greatest impact was the feeling of belonging to a community.

Contexte. En France, les Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme (TSA) sont encore rarement identifiés chez des enfants présentant une Trisomie 21 (T21), malgré la disponibilité d'outils de dépistage et de diagnostic. La T21 est une maladie génétique associée à une déficience intellectuelle ainsi qu'à des difficultés sociales, communicatives et comportementales qui rendent le diagnostic additionnel de TSA délicat à poser. Pourtant de nombreux enfants avec T21 présentent aussi un autisme. L'errance diagnostique prive les jeunes enfants d'une prise en charge comportementale et développementale précoce et adaptée. Objectif. Le but de l'étude est (1) de mieux comprendre les caractéristiques du développement cognitif et socio-émotionnel et du fonctionnement de la régulation des activités de ces enfants au double diagnostic et (2) d'en identifier les spécificités comparativement à des enfants atteints de trisomie 21 d'une part et des enfants avec autisme d'autre part. Cette recherche a aussi pour objectif finalisé de sensibiliser les professionnels et les institutions à la reconnaissance de cette psychopathologie du développement (double diagnostic) afin notamment d'encourager un meilleur repérage de l'autisme dès le plus jeune âge chez les enfants atteints de T21 et pour déterminer le plus tôt possible les prises en charge répondant à leurs besoins spécifiques, centrées sur le développement cognitif et socio-émotionnel et la régulation des activités. Méthode. Participants : Les participants sont des volontaires recrutés dans des institutions d'accueil et des associations de familles. Trois groupes d'enfants, appariés en âge de développement, sont comparés : (1) 18 enfants au double diagnostic T21 et TSA, (2) 25 enfants porteurs de T21 et (3) 21 enfants avec TSA. Leur niveau de développement se situe dans la période d'âge de 4 à 24 mois. Matériel : Le diagnostic d'autisme est réalisé à l'aide du Manuel Diagnostique et Statistique des troubles mentaux -5ème édition- (DSM-5, APA, 2013) et la Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS, Schopler, Reichler & Daly, 1980). Le développement cognitif et socio-émotionnel est évalué à l'aide de La Batterie d'Évaluation Cognitive et Socio-émotionnelle (BECS, Adrien, ECPA, 2007) et la régulation des activités cognitives et émotionnelles à l'aide de la Grille Régulation Adaptation Modulation (GRAM, Adrien,1996), de la Grille d'analyse des stratégies autorégulatrices et hétérorégulatrices en situation d'apprentissage ou de résolution de problème (Nader-Grosbois, 2000) et de Emotion Regulation Checklist (Shields & Cicchetti,1997). Procédure : Un formulaire d'information et de consentement a été proposé aux familles avant de participer à une évaluation unique du développement et du comportement de l'enfant. Résultats. On note l'existence de profils développementaux spécifiques chez les enfants atteints conjointement de trisomie 21 et d'autisme, et de grandes variabilités inter et intra-individuelles dans le développement et la régulation émotionnelle des enfants atteints de troubles du développement : trisomie 21 avec autisme / trisomie 21 sans autisme / autisme. Conclusion : La meilleure connaissance des caractéristiques du développement et du fonctionnement régulateur des enfants au double diagnostic de T21 et de TSA permet d'envisager des interventions personnalisées et une plus grande sensibilisation des professionnels et des institutions à l'importance de la reconnaissance précoce de ce double diagnostic. Diagnostiquer les TSA chez de jeunes enfants avec T21 et les considérer comme trouble primaire semble justifié, afin de leur proposer une intervention plus adaptée. / Context. In France, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is still rarely identified in children with Down's syndrome (DS). However, specific autism diagnostic instruments have shown good sensitivity for detecting ASD in this population. DS is a genetic disease associated with mental retardation and with social, communicative and behavioural impairment making difficult the dual diagnosis. However, a lot of children with DS also present TSA. The lack of diagnosis deprives young children of an early and appropriate behavioural and developmental support. Objective. This study aimed (1) to provide evidence of specific features in the cognitive and socio-emotional development and activity regulation functioning of young children with a dual diagnosis and (2) to identify specificities compared to children with DS and children with TSA. This research also aimed to sensitize professionals to the recognition of this developmental psychopathology (dual diagnosis). This included encourage better identification of autism at an early age in children with DS, and to determine an appropriate support to their specific needs, focusing on cognitive and social development and activity regulation. Method. Participants: They were volunteers recruited in institutions and family associations. Three groups of children, matched in their developmental age, were compared: (i) 18 children with a dual diagnosis, (ii) 25 children with DS and (iii) 21 children with ASD. Their developmental level is included in the 4 to 24 months' age period. Tools: To diagnose autism, we used Dianostic and Statiscal Manual of mental disorders -fifth edition- (DSM-5, APA, 2013) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS, Schopler, Reichler & Daly, 1980). Cognitive and socio-emotional development assessed by means of the Socio-emotional and Cognitive Evaluation Battery (SCEB). Cognitive and emotional activities regulation assessed by Regulation Disorders Evaluation Grid (RDEG, Adrien,1996), the Coding and scoring grid for other-regulation and self-regulation (Nader-Grosbois, 2000) and the Emotion Regulation Checklist (Shields & Cicchetti,1997). Procedure: Parents were signed informed consent forms before the developmental and behavioural assessment of children. Results. We revealed the existence of specific developmental profiles among children with dual diagnosis of DS and ASD, and large variability inter- and intra-individual in the development and emotional regulation of children with developmental disorders: DS with TSA / DS without TSA / TSA. Conclusion. A better knowledge of the developmental and regulation functioning characteristics of children with dual diagnosis of DS and ASD allows to propose personalized support and to increase awareness among professionals to to the importance of early recognition this dual diagnosis. It seems justified to diagnose ASD in young children with DS and consider it a primary disorder, in order to offer them a more adapted intervention.