Cette thèse se propose de déterminer les apports d’Oronce Fine (1494-1555) à la philosophie des mathématiques de la Renaissance. En tant que premier titulaire de la première chaire royale de mathématiques, ce mathématicien a joué un rôle important dans la revalorisation de l’enseignement des mathématiques dans la France du XVIe siècle. Dans cette mesure, sa conception des mathématiques permet de montrer l’évolution du statut épistémologique et institutionnel de ces disciplines dans le milieu académique parisien de cette période. Parmi les thèmes abordés par Fine dans sa définition du statut des mathématiques, nous avons choisi d’étudier, dans une première partie, la nature des objets du mathématicien, le statut épistémologique de l’astronomie, la nature des procédures démonstratives et des principes des mathématiques, ainsi que la fonction du quadrivium dans le processus éducatif. Dans une seconde partie, notre analyse de la pensée de Fine porte sur le statut des mathématiques pratiques et des disciplines subalternes des mathématiques, à savoir la perspective et la géométrie, ainsi que sur le profit qui peut être obtenu de l’apprentissage du quadrivium. / The aim of this study is to determine the contributions of Oronce Fine (1494-1555) to Renaissance philosophy of mathematics. As first Royal lecturer in mathematics, Fine played a major part in the reassertion of the value of mathematical teaching in sixteenth-century France. Thus, his thought concerning mathematics allows to set forth the evolution of the epistemological and institutional status of these sciences within the parisian academic context of the period. Among the questions tackled by Fine in his definition of the status of mathematics, we consider, in a first part, the ontological status of mathematical things, the epistemological status of astronomy, the nature of mathematical demonstrations and principles, as well as the function of the quadrivium in the educative process. In a second part, our analysis of Fine’s conception on mathematics deals with the status of practical mathematics and of the sciences which are subalternated to mathematics, that is optics and geography, concluding with the definition of the profit which may be obtained from learning mathematics.

Au cours des dernières années, le Web a connu une énorme croissance en matière de contenus et d'utilisateurs. Ce phénomène a entraîné des problèmes liés à la surcharge d'information face à laquelle les utilisateurs ont des difficultés à trouver les bonnes informations. Des systèmes de recommandation ont été développés pour résoudre ce problème afin de guider les utilisateurs dans ce flux d'informations. Les approches de recommandation se sont multipliées et ont été mises en œuvre avec succès, notamment au travers d’approches telles que le filtrage collaboratif. Cependant, il existe encore des défis et des limites qui offrent des opportunités pour de nouvelles recherches. Parmi ces défis, la conception de systèmes de recommandation de lectures est devenue un axe de recherche en pleine expansion suite à l’apparition des bibliothèques numériques.Traditionnellement, les bibliothèques jouent un rôle passif dans l’interaction avec les lecteurs et ce, faute d’outils efficaces de recherche et de recommandation. Dans ce manuscrit, nous nous sommes penchée sur la création d’un système de recommandation de lectures. Nos objectifs portent sur :- améliorer la compréhension des besoins utilisateurs exprimés au sein des requêtes en langage naturel de recherches de livres, articles et billets ; - pallier l'absence de liens explicites entre ouvrages et articles de revues par la détection et l'analyse automatique des références bibliographiques afin de proposer des liens ; - parvenir à un système de recommandation de lectures s'appuyant sur des données textuelles permettant de fournir une liste de recommandations personnalisées aux utilisateurs actifs. / In the recent years, the Web has undergone a tremendous growth regarding both content and users. This has led to an information overload problem in which people are finding it increasingly difficult to locate the right information at the right time. Recommender systems have been developed to address this problem, by guiding users through the big ocean of information. The recommendation approaches have multiplied and have been successfully implemented, particularly through approaches such as collaborative filtering. However, there are still challenges and limitations that offer opportunities for new research. Among these challenges, the design of reading recommendation systems has become a new expanding research focus following the emergence of digital libraries.Traditionally, libraries play a passive role in interaction with users due to the lack of effective search and recommendation tools. In this manuscript, we will study the creation of a reading recommendation system in which we'll try to exploit the possibilities of digital access to scientific information. Our objectives are: - to improve the understanding of user needs expressed in natural language search queries for books, articles and posts. This work will require the establishment of processes capable of exploiting the structures of data and their dimension; - to compensate for the absence of explicit links between books and journal articles by automatically detecting and analyzing bibliographic references, and then to propose links;- to achieve a reading recommendation system based on textual data to provide a customized recommendation list to active users, similar to systems already used by users profiles.

Introdução: A participação da enfermagem na puericultura ocorre desde 1925, quando os educadores sanitários passaram a atuar nos centros de saúde. Todavia, o enfermeiro exerceu suas atividades durante muitos anos na Atenção Básica focado no atendimento e nas prioridades dos processos físicos, nas doenças e na prática curativista e preventivista. Atualmente, sobretudo em decorrência da Estratégia Saúde da Família, o enfermeiro dispõe de abertura para realizar consultas, grupos educativos e visitas domiciliares a gestantes e crianças. Entretanto, apesar dessas oportunidades assistenciais, esses espaços não têm sido ocupados da melhor maneira dado que, muitas vezes, os profissionais não possuem formação direcionada para as carências da população, pois os currículos enfatizam majoritariamente os aspectos patológicos. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais ressaltam a necessidade e o dever, por parte das Instituições de Ensino Superior, de formar profissionais de saúde voltados para todos os níveis de atendimento. Objetivo: Identificar as experiências de ensino de Desenvolvimento Infantil saudável nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em Enfermagem. Método: Foi feita uma Revisão Sistemática Qualitativa, seguindo-se as recomendações metodológicas do Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI). A estratégia de busca utilizada para a revisão concentrou-se em identificar estudos publicados em dez bases de dados/portais com recorte temporal até junho de 2013. O maior número de estudos foi verificado no período de 2000 a 2012, obtendo-se uma somatória de 60% da amostra, o que significa que os estudos são atuais e podem estar relacionados com as evidências das neurociências. Os descritores foram adaptados para atender às especificidades de cada base de dado/portal. Resultados: A metodologia acima descrita permitiu que fossem resgatados da literatura científica 694 estudos, cujos resumos foram analisados e, aplicando-se os critérios de exclusão, chegou-se a um conjunto de 52 trabalhos integralmente lidos. A seleção final contou com 25 estudos, sendo 12 deles nacionais, os quais foram analisados a partir de uma experiência exitosa de promoção do DI que envolveu universidades em municípios paulistas, como referência de boas práticas, considerando-se as evidências recentes da neurociência e epigenética. Constatou-se que o puerpério foi abordado somente em três estudos, mas, ainda assim, restringiu-se à dimensão física, aos cuidados de higiene, à alimentação e ao aleitamento materno. A abordagem da puericultura ampliada estava presente em todos os estudos. Os aspectos familiares, sociais, emocionais foram citados. Quanto à presença do Desenvolvimento Infantil na relação com a Educação Infantil em creches, 12 estudos contemplavam esse aspecto, todavia, com abordagem fragmentada. No que tange aos espaços lúdicos, foram considerados em 14 estudos, porém os aspectos se relacionavam com a facilitação do acesso ao brinquedo para crianças em diferentes situações sociais, estímulo ao lazer e cultura. Por fim, a abordagem de grupos com famílias estava presentes em 20 estudos, os quais vão além do simples envolvimento dos pais com os cuidados das crianças. Conclusão: O ensino de Desenvolvimento Infantil saudável ultrapassa o formato de ensino tradicional, de caráter conteudista. A maioria dos estudos apontou que a melhor forma de ensinar é por meio de técnicas criativas e inovadoras, desenvolvendo competência dos discentes e envolvendo-os. / Introduction: The participation of Nursing in the childrens care has occurred since 1925 when the sanitary educators began to labor in Health centers. However, nurses have worked for many years in services focused mainly on the service and the priorities of physical processes, diseases and healing and preventive practices. Nowadays, mainly stemming from Family Health Strategy the Nurse has reached the right to consult to educative groups and home visits to pregnant women and children. Despite those opportunities of assistance such spaces have not been occupied of the best way once, many times, the professionals do not own the proper educational background addressed to the needs of the population, for, the syllabuses emphasize mainly the pathological aspects. The National Syllabuses Guides highlight the need and the duty of the Colleges to form professionals of the health field capable of working in different and variable levels of service. Aim: This study seeks to identify the experiences of the teaching of healthy childrens development in the undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Nursing. Method: It has been carried out a Systematic and Qualitative Revision by following the methodological recommendations of Joana Briggs Institute (JBI). The searching method used for such revision concentrated on identifying studies published in 10 data basis up to June 2013. The majority number of studies verified from 2000 to 2012 obtaining a sum of 60% of the samples, which means that the studies are recent and can be related to the neuroscience evidences. The descriptors have been adapted to service the features of each data base. Results: The methodology described above allowed the rescue of 694 studies from the scientific literature whose summaries have been analyzed and, after applying the exclusion criteria, we have reached a set of 52 works fully read. The final selection brought 25 studies, 12 of which are national, and have been analyzed successfully through a thriving experience of promoting the infantile development which involved Colleges in cities of São Paulo state as a reference of good practices, considering the neuroscience and epigenetic evidences. It has been shown that the childrens development has been portrayed in three studies, but, even so, it got restricted to the physical dimension, to the hygienic care, to food and mother milking. The wide approach of infantile development has been made present in every study. The familiar, social and emotional aspects have also been cited. So as to the presence of infantile development in relation to education in childrens schools, 12 studies brought up this issue, though on a fragmented view. In relation to ludic spaces they have been mentioned in 14 studies, although concerning aspects such as: the easy access to the plays by the children in different social settings; stimuli to leisure and culture. At the end, the approach concerning groups and families have been present in 20 studies, which go far beyond the mere involvement with the parents and the childrens care. Conclusion: The teaching of healthy infantile development goes far beyond the format of the traditional teaching. The majority of studies have pointed out that the best way to teach is through creative and innovative practices techniques by developing and involving the competence of the teachers

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

(in English): The diploma thesis explores the means of expressing interpersonal function (metadiscourse) in English academic lectures. This function includes means mitigating the proposition of authors (hedges), expressions boosting its credibility (booster), instances reflecting attitude of the author (attitude markers) and means referring to both, the author himself (self-mentions) and the audience (engagement markers). For the purpose of the analysis, the integrative approach of Ken Hyland was chosen. It explores interpersonal resources as well as interactive resources in written academic discourse. Means organizing text into an intelligible and comprehensible unit will be also studied. The excerpted instances of metadiscourse were examined with respect to their function and realization form. In a case of realization forms, we expected to find means expressing modality (modal verbs, adverbs, adjectives), evaluative adjectives and adverbs, conjunctions and an array of personal pronouns referring to the participants of lectures. The findings showed surprising deviations in the categories of boosters, extended frame markers and attitude markers. Remaining categories, despite the different mode of the data (spoken academic language) corresponded with Hyland's findings from written academic discourse.

The diploma thesis is concerned with exploring the differences between the noun phrases in written and spoken academic monologue, focussing on the length of the phrase, its internal complexity and syntactic functions. In the theoretical part of the study, the noun phrase, its constituents, structure and usage are introduced. The noun phrase is introduced as one of the means of complex condensation. The basic characteristics of written and spoken academic language are introduced as well. The practical part of the study is a detailed analysis of 210 noun phrases. The written sample is collected from selected academic articles, whereas the sample of spoken lecture is collected from the lecture database of the BASE corpus. Since the study focuses on two different forms of language, the material is analysed for each of them separately and the results are subsequently compared in the final part of each subsection. The hypothesis of the thesis is that the written sample contains noun phrases with more complex modification, whereas the spoken sample contains more simple noun phrases and more clausal modification. The hypothesis was, for the most part, confirmed.

Cette thèse traite du potentiel interculturel de la littérature en cours de langue à l'exemple de la section Abibac en France, créée en 1994 dans le contexte de la coopération franco-allemande. Permettant l'obtention simultanée du baccalauréat français et de son équivalent allemand, l'Abitur, son objectif principal est le développement de la compétence interculturelle.La première partie présente un aperçu historique de la section Abibac, l'arrière-plan conceptuel de notre recherche dans les domaines interculturel, didactique et littéraire, et nos choix méthodologiques.Dans la deuxième partie, nous analysons le contexte théorique et institutionnel de l'enseignement de l'allemand en France. Nous discutons le statut de l'élève en tant que lecteur et présentons une étude empirique concernant la place de la littérature et de l'interculturel dans les textes-cadre institutionnels en France et en Allemagne, ainsi que dans les supports pédagogiques.La troisième partie démontre par des études de terrain les pratiques dans les sections Abibac en France. Une enquête menée auprès des professeurs concernant leurs choix de supports pédagogiques ainsi que leurs approches et objectifs est approfondie par des observations participatives menées dans quatre sections Abibac. Une expérimentation d'enseignement basée sur la lecture croisée de littératures de minorités mène à un modèle didactique permettant l'exploitation du potentiel interculturel des textes littéraires en classe.L'approche interdisciplinaire et interculturelle ainsi que l'association de la recherche théorique et de l'expérience pratique sur le terrain sont les clés de cette recherche. / The cross cultural potential of literature in foreign language teachingThe example of Franco German bilingual departments of French High-SchoolsThis thesis deals with teaching German literature in the bilingual department in French High-Schools: “Abibac”, created in 1994 in the field of Franco German cooperation, enables the students to pass the German and the French Secondary School examination simultaneously. The priority is to develop intercultural skills through the reciprocal knowledge of the two cultures.In the first part of this thesis, the development of the bilingual departments “Abibac” of French High-Schools is described in the historical context. Then the basic concepts of intercultural research, literary didactics and foreign languages didactics we refer to are reflected and the methodology of the thesis is presented.In the second part of our research, we present the theoretical and official context of German literature teaching in France. The theoretical analysis of pupils as readers is completed by an empirical study of the official instructions of German and French High-Schools. There is also an analysis of the way literature is introduced and intercultural skills are developed in textbooks.The third part of this thesis deals with the daily teaching practice in “Abibac”-departments in France. A survey of teachers on their teaching material, teaching practices and objectives is analysed and deepened by the presentation of observations in four “Abibac”-departments. A concrete teaching experience with books by multicultural authors will show how to study intercultural questions in literature.The interdisciplinary and intercultural approach of this project, the association of university research and practical experience in high-schools are the keys of this thesis.

This study examined the language socialization of international students in the graduate school context of a western Canadian university. Focusing on one pervasive speech event, academic presentations (APs), this study explored the role this socioculturally organized activity played in facilitating students' linguistic and sociocultural development, and how it aided them in negotiating their entry into the academic world. The participants in this study included 55 graduate students and nine course instructors. Thirty seven students were native speakers (NSs) of English, while the remaining 18- -the focal participants of this study—were non-native speakers of English (NNSs). The sites were seven graduate courses in six different departments in three different faculties (Faculty of Medicine, Faculty o f Arts, and Faculty o f Applied Science). A qualitative approach was employed, and thus multiple kinds of data were gathered over a four-month period. Data collection methods included: (a) open-ended interviews with participants; (b) tape-recorded observations of APs; (c) researcher's fieldnotes of APs; and (d) collection of written documents (e.g., course outlines). Data were analyzed following Bogdan and Biklen (1992) by identifying major and minor themes while iteratively going over the data. A comparison of APs across disciplines is included, examining aspects such as A P content, sequence, length, and format. As well, an analysis of the qualities promoted in each field and of the multiple purposes APs fulfil is provided and related to the complex socialization (i.e., both linguistic and sociocultural) of international graduate students. Findings of the study suggested that APs are a complex task whose meaning is not fixed, but rather is determined by the interplay of the broad context of the academic world, the micro-context of each community of practice, and ultimately by each individual. With regard to the language socialization 6f NNSs, APs challenged students in both linguistic and sociocultural ways. However, by observing, participating in, and reflecting on APs, students gained increased membership and competence within their academic communities. / Education, Faculty of / Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of / Graduate

The diploma thesis "Information literacy lessons and persons with mental disabilities in libraries of the Czech Republic" brings besides the basic concepts in the mental disablilities and information literacy field also their mutual context in the information education field. Further it presents results of the questionnaire survey, which focused on mapping of services for persons with mental disabilities in libraries in the Czech Republic and it brings a concept of a complex solution to providing these services in the Czech Republic.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá vytvořením podnikatelského plánu pro malou společnost, která přichází na trh s novým, technologickým produktem. Společnost, která se již jeden rok pohybuje v oblasti jazykových kurzů vyvíjí software pro reálnou výuku přes internet. Jelikož se jedná o zcela nový koncept, je třeba ověřit, zdali existuje poptávka na trhu ze strany jazykových škol, soukromých lektorů a především samotných studentů. Pro pochopení motivů zákazníků byl použit primární výzkum prostřednictvím dotazníků. Technologický produkt jež je předmětem podnikatelského plánu je již ve vývoji a měl by být uveden na trh v dubnu roku 2012.